DOI: 10.3897/ab.e178106

Authors: Spassimir Tonkov

Abstract: The updated and revised edition of this book presents and discusses the results from the palynological and paleoecological studies conducted in Southwestern Bulgaria with my participation over the period 1985-2025. This montane area rich in numerous lakes, peat bogs and mires is located in the central part of the Balkan peninsula and has always played an important role in unravelling the Late Quaternary vegetation history in Bulgaria. The modern development and achievements of the research methods applied (pollen analysis, plant macrofossil determination, radiocarbon dating, sediment and geomorphological analyses, charcoal analysis, archaeobotanical research, computer software, etc.) allowed to evaluate and synthesize in details the available paleoecological information on the vegetation development in this part of the country for the last 30000 years. It was also important to demonstrate the millennial role of humans in the transformation of the natural environment after the establishment of agriculture and the practice of stockbreeding.The content follows the structure of the first edition published in 2021. Two new chapters are included related to the vegetation history in the Western Rhodopes and Vitosha mountains. Of particular interest and importance is the long pollen core from Mire Kupena in the Western Rhodopes Mountain which extends back to the Middle Pleniglacial. The results from the investigation of several new sites in the Rila Mountain are also included in the relevant chapter. In addition, where appropriate new pollen and plant macrofossil diagrams, figures, tables, photos and references were added. The final chapter is a summary about the overall picture and the specifics of the postglacial vegetation history in the study area.In the course of the preparation of this edition several outstanding scientists who had a major influence on my scientific career passed away, namely Prof. Elissaveta Bozilova, Prof. Hans-Jürgen Beug, Prof. Göran Possnert and Prof. Angel Velchev. I would like to dedicate this book to their memory, and also to the members of my family for their unreserved support and encouragement.It is a pleasure to extend my gratitude to the Director of the Pensoft Publishers Prof. Ljubomir Penev for his interest in paleoecology, the financial support, and all the facilities provided by his staff to prepare the book for publication. I am thankful to Vasil Peev for the preprint and graphical design.I will be glad if this edition attracts the interest of scientists working in the fields of Quaternary pollen analysis and vegetation history, paleoecology, paleoclimatology, paleogeography, landscape ecology, forestry and archaeology.Sofia, April 2026 Prof. Spassimir Tonkov, PhD, DSc

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e177039

Authors: Eric L. Quinter, Anthony E. McBride

Abstract: This is the second fascicle treating a portion of the New World apameine fauna. The North American species of the genera Amphipoea Billberg and Hydraecia Guenée are reviewed, and the genera Cherokeea Quinter & Sullivan, Franclemontia Ferguson, Papaipema Smith, Parapamea Bird, and Selicanis Smith (Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Apameini) are fully revised. Three new genera are described: Arundinariaphila Quinter (type species: Arundinariaphila hayesi Quinter), Fibigeria Quinter (type species: Gortyna erepta Grote), and Sarita Quinter (type species: Acrapex relicta Ferguson). Seventy-seven species are treated, eleven of which are described as new: Arundinariaphila hayesi Quinter; Cherokeea gabrielleae Quinter; Cherokeea odonnellae Quinter; Cherokeea slotteni Quinter; Papaipema albimontana Quinter; Papaipema amianthii Quinter; Papaipema blackorum Quinter; Papaipema hesseli Quinter; Papaipema matheri Quinter; Papaipema sablensis Quinter; Papaipema sullivani Quinter. Three new combinations are created: “Resapamea” trigona (Smith) is transferred to Cherokeea, “Amphipoea” erepta (Grote) to Fibigeria, and “Acrapex” relicta (Ferguson) to Sarita. Two neotypes and three lectotypes are designated. Three species are raised from synonymy: Papaipema rubiginosa Bird, Papaipema birdi (Dyar), and Papaipema depictata Benjamin. Gortyna aerata Lyman is deemed to be a hybrid of P. cataphracta × necopina and is placed into synonymy as an unavailable name. Numerous new life histories are reported. Adults and genitalic structures of all species are illustrated in color, and their larvae, where known, are as well. Keys to all genera are included, and species keys to adults, where practical, are included. Keys to larvae are included wherever sufficiently known. Selected images of habitats and host plant symptoms of larval damage are presented in color.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e151196

Authors: Rémi Hébert, Morgan Jackson, Armin Namayandeh, Amélie Grégoire Taillefer, Khorshid Ghahari, Anna Solecki, Jade Savage, Joel Gibson, Julio Rivera, Rob Cannings, Art Borkent, Marjolaine Giroux, Christine Barrie, Joel H Kits

Abstract: It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de connaître quelles espèces sont présentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les protéger. Le but de cette liste est d’identifier toutes les espèces connues de mouches au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 espèces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En considérant toutes les espèces connues au Canada, les mouches représentent environ 12% des espèces, en faisant l’un des groupes les plus diversifiés. En moyenne, chaque espèce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 régions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en français et en anglais ont été développés et normalisés pour toutes les espèces. Cette liste représente un travail fondamental qui aidera l’évaluation du statut de conservation de ces espèces.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e129204

Authors: Xiwei Shen

Abstract: Earth, agriculture, fishing, hunting and gathering … The ways of acquiring food and also the factors dominating the settlements’ landscape pattern in the primitive society, has been gradually replaced by industries like manufacturing, financial industry and service industry through thousands years of urbanization. Nowadays, “food” is no longer the priority factor for urban planning while urban pattern has a profound impact on the long-term development of catering. So, what is the relationship between food and our city? Under the COVID-19 epidemic, the common problem faced by different countries and regions — food shortage, stimulates us to reflect on the place of food in urban life. Through our investigation on Shanghai, Xi’an, Wuhan and Chengdu, four cities that featured by different and distinctive food culture, exploration of the distribution pattern and potential of grain origin, delivery chain, processing chain and retailors in these cities, we intend to take urban green space as carrier to improve efficiency of food production, absorption and processing, alleviate food problems under social crisis and improve the city’s ability to respond to social emergency. The project was carried out by students from multiple cities in an online collaboration during the epidemic. Through the investigation and research on the culture, traditional cuisine and environment of four typical cities in China, we explore the significance and role of cuisine in the development of different cities and put forward corresponding planning Suggestions. We have written manuals and have shared our results through websites, offline interviews and so on. We look forward to more offline publicity in the wake of the outbreak to help more people understand what Magical Foodscape means to the city.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e119534

Authors: J. Wolfgang Wägele, Georg F. Tschan

Abstract: Weather stations for biodiversity: a comprehensive approach to an automated and modular monitoring system

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e108410

Authors: Owen Lonsdale, Sean T Murphy, Sonja J Scheffer

Abstract: Damage from species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) on their plant host(s) is caused mostly by internal larval feeding, but additional damage can arise from female oviposition and feeding punctures, which results in structural damage, the vectoring of viruses and pathogenic fungi, and the exposure of tissue to secondary infection. Many plants of agricultural and ornamental importance are attacked in the field and in glasshouses, and while fly populations are normally kept in check by hymenopterous parasitoids, they sometimes occur in large enough numbers to affect yield and may destroy entire crops. Species affecting crops may be specialists on one host or a larger number of related hosts, but only 16 species in the genera Liriomyza Mik, Phytomyza Fallén and Tropicomyia Spencer are polyphagous, occurring on many hosts in a wide range of families. The threat of these flies is compounded by increasing insecticide resistance and the ease by which polyphagous species can multiply on weeds around growing areas or on alternate crops. All species are also readily spread through trade on their host plant or in soil, causing some species to become globally invasive, with some being of quarantine concern. Since understanding these pests is integral to their control, the objective of the present study is to provide an overview of agromyzid biology, ecology and agricultural importance. Detailed consideration is additionally provided for 26 major pests of special concern. These include eight species of the subfamily Agromyzinae [Agromyza frontella (Rondani); A. megalopsis Hering; A. parvicornis Loew; Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner), Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tyron), O. simplex (Loew), O. spencerella (Greathead), and Tropicomyia theae (Cotes)] and 18 species of the subfamily Phytomyzinae [Amauromyza flavifrons (Meigen), Liriomyza brassicae (Riley), L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach), L. chinensis (Kato), L. congesta (Becker), L. huidobrensis (Blanchard), L. langei Frick, L. sativae Blanchard, L. strigata (Meigen), L. trifolii (Burgess), Phytobia cambii (Hendel), Phytomyza gymnostomaLoew, P. horticola Goureau, P. ilicicola Loew, P. ilicis Curtis, P. nigra Meigen, P. rufipes Meigen, and P. syngenesiae (Hardy)]. For each of these species, an overview of contemporary knowledge is provided for identification and diagnosis, global distribution, hosts plant(s), host damage, biology, and means of movement and dispersal. To aid in control, early warning systems, and means of field monitoring and management are provided.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e101876

Authors: Carolina Corrales, Jonas J Astrin

Abstract: We are today confronted with an unprecedented, ever-increasing rate of global biodiversity decline at the ecosystem, the species, and the genetic level, with yet unforeseeable consequences for both our planet and humankind.To mitigate the underlying anthropogenic processes, political action is overdue, informed by science. At the same time, the scientific community is called upon as a major player on another front: as a response to current and expected biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, we need to promptly and drastically ramp up efforts regarding ex-situ conservation and regarding the archival of molecular samples. Key infrastructures in this process are biobanks (see, e.g., Jarman et al. 2018; Ryder and Onuma 2018; Colella et al. 2020; Angeles and Catap 2022).

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e98875

Authors: Hugo de Boer, Marcella Orwick Rydmark, Brecht Verstraete, Barbara Gravendeel

Abstract: This book seeks to provide a practical overview of all aspects of relevance in the field of molecular identification of plants. The first section, “From sample to DNA”, provides information on how to set up an experiment, how to design the best sampling protocol, and how to extract DNA from different substrates. The second section, “From DNA to sequence or identification”, gives an overview of the methods that can be used. The final section, “From identification to application”, shows what kind of scientific questions that can be addressed or which applications with relevance for society are possible with plant identification. This book is meant for people with previous experience who want to bring themselves up to date with the latest techniques, but also for early stage researchers who need a first overview of the available options. We hope that this book will be a useful tool for both science and education.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e68612

Authors: Petar Beron

Abstract: This is the last volume of the series Acarorum Catalogus. We tried to follow the system generally accepted. After the publication of the first volume of the series (Erytraeoidea, Calyptostomatoidea) in 2008 appeared a comprehensive treatment of mites (Manuel of Acarology III of Krantz & Walter, Eds. 2009), in which many changes in the system of Acari are proposed. Acariformes are already a superorder, Prostigmata – suborder, but within the order Trombidiformes.Here is treated first the infraorder Labidostommatina with its only superfamily Labidostommatoidea and the only family Labidostommatidae with five genera and 75 species. The other infraorder, treated in the present volume (Eupodoidea) includes the superfamily Eupodoidea with nine families, including five described after 1979. Treated are also the superfamilies Tydeoidea (fam. Ereynetidae), Paratydeoidea (Paratydeidae), Anystoidea (five families), Caeculoidea (Caeculidae), Adamystoidea (Adamystidae), and Pomerantzioidea (Pomerantziidae). In this volume are analysed 230 genera and 967 species of mites.This last volume of the series Acarorum Catalogus ends with an update of the former nine volumes. Added to these volumes are another genera and species.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e68613

Authors: Petar Beron

Abstract: test2

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e68634

Authors: Kat Bruce, Rosetta Blackman, Sarah J. Bourlat, Ann Micaela Hellström, Judith Bakker, Iliana Bista, Kristine Bohmann, Agnès Bouchez, Rein Brys, Katie Clark, Vasco Elbrecht, Stefano Fazi, Vera Fonseca, Bernd Hänfling, Florian Leese, Elvira Mächler, Andrew R. Mahon, Kristian Meissner, Kristel Panksep, Jan Pawlowski, Paul Schmidt Yáñez, Mathew Seymour, Bettina Thalinger, Alice Valentini, Paul Woodcock, Michael Traugott, Valentin Vasselon, Kristy Deiner

Abstract: DNA-based methods for species detection and identification have revolutionised our ability to assess biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Starting from the seminal study that used eDNA to detect invasive american bullfrogs in France (Gentile Francesco Ficetola et al. 2008)), research conducted over the last decade has demonstrated the power of these approaches for surveying a wide range of species and groups. Early applications included the use of eDNA to monitor Asian Carp in the USA (Jerde et al. 2013). Following heavy scrutiny, the method was eventually adopted, and is still employed today by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). A flurry of research followed, with tests designed for many threatened and invasive species including New zealand mudsnails (Goldberg et al. 2013), american crayfish (Geerts et al. 2018), gammarids (R. Blackman et al. 2017), and great crested newts (Biggs et al. 2015). The great crested newt eDNA test has been employed for regulatory monitoring in the UK since 2014. During the same time period, there was a proliferation of research studies that used high-throughput sequencing approaches to describe whole communities of organisms from mixed species and environmental samples, using an approach termed DNA metabarcoding (Taberlet et al. 2012).

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e68616

Authors: Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract: A total of 5038 species of order Diptera (Nematocera – 1672 species, Brachycera – 3366 species), belonging to 110 families, has been established in Bulgaria so far. The families Chironomidae (327 species – 6.5%) of Nematocera and Tachinidae (425 species – 8.4%) of Brachycera are the most numerous. The distribution of dipterans in the different regions of Bulgaria is presented. The vertical distribution of the families is considered. The greatest number of species has been found in the zone of the xerothermic oak forests (3362 species – 66.7%). The dipterous fauna can be divided into 2 main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (515 species – 10.2%) – more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic and the lower parts of the mountains; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (4377 species – 87.2%) – more eurybiontic and widely distributed in the Palaearctic. The endemic species are 128 (2.5%). The distribution of the zoogeographical categories in the separate vegetation belts of Bulgaria is scrutinized. Of the established species, 61 are pests on the forestry or agriculture and 75 species have a human or veterinary medical significance. The bibliography contains 1374 publications.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e68615

Authors: Spassimir Tonkov

Abstract: This book presents the results from the palynological and paleoecological studies conducted with my participation in Southwestern Bulgaria during the period 1985-2020. The study area has always played a key role in the investigation of the Late Quaternary vegetation history in Bulgaria since the middle of the past century. With the development of the research methods (pollen analysis, determination of plant macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, sediment analysis, computer software, etc.) in the last decades it turned out to be a challenge for me to evaluate critically again and synthesize the paleoecological information. In my opinion, such approach allows to reveal in more details the general trends of the postglacial vegetation development for the last 18000-15000 years, and to take also into account the role of humans in transforming the natural environment after the establishment of agriculture and the practice of stockbreeding in this part of the country along the Struma river.The content is organized in several chapters starting with introductory notes on the scientific importance and the main purpose of research in the study area, a brief assessment of previous investigations, and a short review of the research techniques applied. The subsequent chapters present the original paleoecological data and the vegetation reconstruction for each montane area in uniform way, starting with the high mountains Rila and Pirin, the Konyavska and the lower west border Osogovo, Maleshevska, Vlahina and Belasitsa mountains. Then follows a summary of the human occupation and the millennial anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover and the environment since the Neolithic epoch. The final chapter presents to the audience the main conclusions and specifics of the postglacial vegetation history in Southwestern Bulgaria.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e69591

Authors: Petar Beron

Abstract: ACARORUM CATALOGUS VIII

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e55087

Authors: Petar Beron

Abstract: The 7th volume of my series “Acarorum Catalogus” concerns the mite superfamily Raphignathoidea. The 12 families of this superfamily consist of 69 genera and some 1087 species and are being studied intensely, particularly by acarologists from China, South Africa, Turkey, Iran, Crimea and other countries or areas. Some members of the Raphignathoidea are suitable for biological pest control (Gerson & Smiley 1990, Gerson, Smiley & Ochoa, 2003).

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e54206

Authors: Petar Beron

Abstract: The sixth volume of this series "Acarorum Catalogus" is devoted to the families Rhinonyssidae and Spinturnicidae of the superfamily Dermanyssoidea. About 555 species are listed therein, with synonymies and citations in various papers. The book also contains a list of by-country distributions, type localities and lists of authors who published on any known species of Rhinonyssidae and Spinturnicidae. There are also lists including hosts of these mites. The bibliographies consist of 475 titles (Rhinonyssidae) and 430 titles (Spinturnicidae).

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e51315

Authors: Hanieh Saeedi, Angelika Brandt

Abstract: Human actions, motivated by social and economic driving forces, generate various pressures on biodiversity, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, land use related disturbance patterns, or species invasions that have an impact on biodiversity from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Each of these factors acts at characteristic scales, and the scales of social and economic demands, of environmental pressures, of biodiversity impacts, of scientific analysis, and of governmental responses do not necessarily match. However, management of the living world will be effective only if we understand how problems and solutions change with scale. SCALES (http://www.scales-project.net), a research project lasting for five years from May 2009 to July 2014, was seeking for ways to build the issue of scale into policy and decision-making and biodiversity management. It has greatly advanced our knowledge of how anthropogenic and natural processes interact across scales and affect biodiversity and it has evaluated in a very practical way how this knowledge can be used to improve the scale-sensitivity and effectiveness of policy instruments for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. During the project we have especially emphasized approaches that utilize existing biodiversity databases as they are the most widely available information in applied biodiversity conservation. We also tried to integrate the most appropriate assessment tools and policy instruments into a coherent framework to support biodiversity conservation across spatial and temporal scales. While the guidelines, practical solutions and special tools are presented as a special web based portal at a central place, the SCALETOOL (http://scales.ckff.si/scaletool/), the scientific outcome is widely spread over the scientific literature in regional and international journals. With the SCALES book we want to bundle the main results of SCALES in a comprehensive manner and present it in a way that is usable not only for pure scientists but also for people making decisions in administration, management, policy or even business and NGOs; to people who are more interested in the “practical” side of this issue. Yrjö Haila, Tampere

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e50613

Authors: Jan Klimaszewski, E. Richard Hoebeke, David W. Langor, Hume B. Douglas, Lech Borowiec, H.E.James Hammond, Anthony Davies, Caroline Bourdon, Karine Savard

Abstract: Synopsis of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from Canada. Part 5: Chrysomeloidea (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, and Megalopodidae)

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e47154

Authors: Джефф Уэлч, Павел Стоев

Abstract: Вся работа в Туркменистане, подробно описанная в настоящем докладе, проведена в рамках меморандума о взаимопонимании между Министерством сельского хозяйства и охраны окружающей среды Туркменистана и Королевским обществом охраны птиц (RSPB) в рамках проекта “Улучшение состояния птиц и биоразнообразия в Туркменистане”.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e38685

Authors: Milcho Todorov, Nikola Bankov

Abstract: An Atlas of Sphagnum-Dwelling Testate Amoebae in Bulgaria

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e38075

Authors: Nicholas Turland

Abstract: This second edition of The Code Decoded is a user’s guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, specifically the Shenzhen Code of 2018. The author has tried to create a text that is reasonably clear and simple, but not oversimplified, using plain language as far as possible, and explaining necessary technical terms. The chapters are arranged so that the guide may be used for quick reference, e.g. important dates for certain rules, how to publish a new name, how to find the correct name for a taxon, how to designate a type, how to propose a name for conservation or rejection, or even how to try to change the Code itself. Again with quick reference in mind, the text uses subheadings, boxes, bulleted lists, tables, figures, and boldface key words. This edition has been augmented by much new content and is fully updated to be compatible with the Shenzhen Code.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e37858

Authors: Geoff Welch, Pavel Stoev

Abstract: Situated in the extreme south-east of Turkmenistan, on the international border with Uzbekistan and close to the border with Afghanistan, Koytendag presents one of the most distinctive landscapes in Central Asia – see figures 4 and 5. The state nature reserve and wildlife sanctuaries that form the site extend from the hot, dry semi-desert plains of the Amudarya valley to the snow-capped peaks of Airy-baba. Rising to 3,137 m, this is the highest mountain in Turkmenistan. The Koytendag ridge (former Kugitang or Kugitangtaw) is a continuation of the Gissar ridge, itself the south-western end of the Pamir-Alay mountain range – a mountain chain that extends for over 800 kms from the Pamirs to the Tien-Shan with more than thirty-five peaks over 5,000 m.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e22579

Authors: Kate Davis, Alex Borisenko

Abstract: Research and knowledge development are critical to understand the complexity of Life on Earth and to make sound decisions on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. In many parts of the world, however, we are faced with technical, scientific, and legal challenges to conduct such research and achieve the Convention’s three goals, including facilitation of access to, and sharing the benefits arising from utilization of genetic resources, effectively.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e22169

Authors: Marco Bardiani, Sonke Hardersen, Lara Redolfi De Zan, Michela Maura, Fabio Mosconi, Emiliano Mancini, Gloria Antonini, Alessandro Campanaro, Franco Mason

Abstract: Although Italy hosts a very important part of Europe’s biodiversity, at the same time however many species are threatened. The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), one of the pillars of European nature conservation, safeguards biodiversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. It imposes to maintain or restore a favourable conservation status of habitats and populations. A further important obligation deriving from this Directive is the set-up of a European ecological network of special areas of conservation, entitled Natura 2000. Additionally, the Habitats Directive requires the Member States to carry out monitoring to determine the conservation status of the protected habitats and species. The Directive lists a total of 117 species of insects; of these 49 species are present in Italy. However, there is still no nationally accepted and widely applied monitoring system for these insects. In addition, for many insect species listed in the Habitats Directive, the current knowledge of their distribution in Italy is fragmentary and many records are outdated.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e21672

Authors: Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto, Paolo A. Audisio, Marco Bologna, Pio Federico Roversi, Franco Mason

Abstract: Italiano

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e22223

Authors: Marco Bardiani, Sonke Hardersen, Lara Redolfi De Zan, Michela Maura, Fabio Mosconi, Emiliano Mancini, Gloria Antonini, Alessandro Campanaro, Franco Mason

Abstract: L’Italia possiede un immenso patrimonio naturale, ma molte specie si trovano in condizioni di criticità. La Direttiva Habitat (92/43/CEE), uno dei pilastri della politica Europea per la conservazione della natura, ha come scopo la salvaguardia della biodiversità mediante la tutela degli habitat naturali, nonché della flora e della fauna selvatiche. A tal fine la Direttiva ha istituito una rete ecologica europea, chiamata Rete Natura 2000, e stabilisce che ogni Stato deve assicurare il mantenimento o il ripristino, in uno stato di conservazione soddisfacente, degli habitat e delle specie elencati nei suoi allegati. Per accertare lo stato di conservazione di questi habitat e specie la Direttiva richiede agli Stati membri di garantire il loro monitoraggio. A livello Europeo, la Direttiva ha elencato 117 specie di insetti; di queste, 49 sono presenti in Italia. Tuttavia, non esiste ancora un sistema di monitoraggio per questi insetti, accettato e applicato su scala nazionale. Inoltre per molte specie di insetti elencati nella Direttiva Habitat anche l’attuale conoscenza della loro distribuzione in Italia è molto lacunosa perché molte segnalazioni sono storiche.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e12837

Authors: Benjamin Burkhard, Joachim Maes

Abstract:

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e4002

Authors: Nathaniel John Winch

Abstract: Flora of Northumberland and Durham

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e1169

Authors: Klaus Henle, Simon Potts, William Kunin, Yiannis Matsinos, Jukka Simila, John Pantis, Vesna Grobelnik, Lyubomir Penev, Josef Settele

Abstract: Human actions, motivated by social and economic driving forces, generate various pressures on biodiversity, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, land use related disturbance patterns, or species invasions that have an impact on biodiversity from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Each of these factors acts at characteristic scales, and the scales of social and economic demands, of environmental pressures, of biodiversity impacts, of scientific analysis, and of governmental responses do not necessarily match. However, management of the living world will be effective only if we understand how problems and solutions change with scale. SCALES (http://www.scales-project.net), a research project lasting for five years from May 2009 to July 2014, was seeking for ways to build the issue of scale into policy and decision-making and biodiversity management. It has greatly advanced our knowledge of how anthropogenic and natural processes interact across scales and affect biodiversity and it has evaluated in a very practical way how this knowledge can be used to improve the scale-sensitivity and effectiveness of policy instruments for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. During the project we have especially emphasized approaches that utilize existing biodiversity databases as they are the most widely available information in applied biodiversity conservation. We also tried to integrate the most appropriate assessment tools and policy instruments into a coherent framework to support biodiversity conservation across spatial and temporal scales. While the guidelines, practical solutions and special tools are presented as a special web based portal at a central place, the SCALETOOL (http://scales.ckff.si/scaletool/), the scientific outcome is widely spread over the scientific literature in regional and international journals. With the SCALES book we want to bundle the main results of SCALES in a comprehensive manner and present it in a way that is usable not only for pure scientists but also for people making decisions in administration, management, policy or even business and NGOs; to people who are more interested in the “practical” side of this issue. Yrjö Haila, Tampere

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/ab.e1141

Authors: Willem de Wilde

Abstract: Flora Malesiana. Series I, Volume 14 (2000) iv + 1-634, by W.J.J.O. de Wilde (edited by P. F. Stevens), published by the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, The Netherlands, under the auspices of Foundation Flora Malesiana. ISBN 90-71236-47-1 Contains the taxonomic revision of one family, Myristicaceae, for Malesia, i.e. the area covering the countries Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. W.J.J.O. de Wilde, Myristicaceae, pp. 1-622. A pantropical family of trees, in Malesia represented by six genera: Endocomia (4 species), Gymnacranthera (6), Horsfieldia (97), Knema (75, only one species in New Guinea), Myristica (152, of which the majority endemic to New Guinea), and Paramyristica (1, Papua New Guinea). Altogether there are 335 species of the family in the Malesian area. Some species are of economic importance, for instance Myristica fragrans, nutmeg. The general part consists of 28 pages and also includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas & J. Koster, on palynology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham, and on phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy by R. Hegnauer. Myristicaceae are dioecious. In addition to the general keys, mainly based on male specimens, also regional keys are given for the larger genera Horsfieldia, Knema, and Myristica, based on female (fruiting) specimens. For each species full references, synonymy, keys to infraspecific taxa, diagnostic descriptions, field-notes, distribution, and annotations regarding relationships or differences with resembling species are presented. Genera and species are arranged alpha-betically. This treatment is illustrated with 94 line drawings (many full-page), 6 maps, and 4 pages with colour photographs* (inserted after p. 8). Index to scientific plant names of taxa treated in this volume (accepted names and synonyms) on pp. 623-632. Lists of revised families in Flora Malesiana on pp. 633-634. ^ Footnote *) The grant of the Dr. Hendrik Muller's Vaderlandsch Fonds, The Hague, for the reproduction and inclusion of the colour photographs, is gratefully acknowledged.

HTML

XML

PDF