Revisionary monograph
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Revisionary monograph
Flora of Northumberland and Durham
expand article infoNathaniel John Winch
† British botanist, lichenologist, and geologist (1768-1838), Newcastle, United Kingdom
Open Access

PART I. PHAENOGAMOUS PLANTS

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA

1. SALICORNIA

1. S. herbacea (Marsh Samphire, Jointed-glasswort)

β. S. procumbens (Procumbent Jointed-glasswort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i 2; Eng. Bot. 2475; α On the muddy sea shores and salt marshes of Tyne, Wear, Tees, &c., also at Holy Island. β in salt marshes at Saltholme, Hartlepool, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse. In the north, where the true Samphire is not known, the Glasswort is sold under that name.

2. HIPPURIS

1. H. vulgaris (Mare's-tail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 4; Eng. Bot. 763; With. ii. 6; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 1; Gr. Fl. Eds. 1; At Prestwick Carr, N. In the Skern near the bridge at Darlington, and at Hell-kettles, D. In stells about Thorp, Norton, and Stockton, D.— John Hogg, Esq.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA

3. LIGUSTRUM

1. L. vulgare (Privet, Print)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i 13; Eng. Bot. 764; With. ii. 11; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 1; Hook. Fl. Scot. 3; Berwick Flora, 5; In woods and hedges between Sunderland and Castle Eden, and on Limestone rocks on the coast, D.— About Greatham and Thorpwood, D.— John Hogg, Esq. Naturalized in hedges about Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. The Privet is truly indigenous only in our Magnesian Limestone district, though straggling plants may be occasionally met with throughout the north of England.

4. FRAXINUS

1. F. excelsior (Common Ash)

β. F. hetrophylla (Simple-leaved Ash)

Sm. Eng. Fl. 14; Eng. Bot. 2476; α In woods and hedges. β in plantations. A variety of the ash with leaves mostly simple.

5. CIRCAEA

1. C. lutetiana (Common Enchanter's-nightshade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 15; Eng. Bot. 1056; With. ii. 11; Hook. Fl. Scot. 4; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 3; Berwick Flora, 6; In moist shady woods and hedges, but not very common, N. and D. Near Wooler and below Langley Ford, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. At Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. C. alpina (Mountain Enchanter's-nightshade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 16; Eng. Bot. 1057; With. ii. 12; Hook. Fl. Scot. 4; C. lutetiana Gr. Fl. Eds. 2; Near Featherstone Castle.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Hulne Woods near Alnwick.— Mr. J. Embleton. By the Roman Wall, near Haltwhistle, N. — Miss Dale, Sp. Differing from Circaea lutetiana by its heart-shaped leaves.

6. VERONICA

1. V. serpyllifolia (Smooth Speedwell, Paul's Betony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 20; Eng. Bot. 1075; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 3; V. humifusa Dicks. Linn. Tr. ii. 288; With ii. 18; In meadows, pastures, gardens, &c. β by rivulets on the sides of Cheviot, N.

2. V. Beccabunga (Brooklime)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 20; Eng. Bot. 655; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 3; Hook. Fl. Scot. 6; In rivulets and ditches.

3. V. Anagallis (Water Speedwell, Long-leaved Brooklime)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 21; Eng. Bot. 781; With. ii. 18; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 2; Gr. Fl. Eds. 3; Berwick Flora, 6; In the Ousebourn, in ditches near Tynemouth, and at Prestwick Carr, N. In ditches near West Boldon and Harton, D. In Whitburn Moor Lane. — Rev. J. Symons; and near Norton, D.— John Hogg, Esq.

4. V. scutellata (Narrow-leaved Marsh Speedwell)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 21; Eng. Bot. 782; With. ii. 19; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 2; Gr. Fl. Eds. 3; Berwick Flora, 7; In bogs at Prestwick Carr, and on Newcastle Town Moor, N. Below Calf Hill.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. In ditches near Twizell House. — Mrs. Selby. In Purdies Bog.— Miss Forster, delin; and by ponds on Alnwick Moor, N.— Mr. J. Davison. At West Boldon, Harton, East Morton, Beamish, and by the Whey Syke and Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. Hill Close Carr Mr. E. Robson. Near Castle Eden, D.— Rev. J. Symons.

5. V. officinalis (Male or Common Speedwell)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 22; Eng. Bot. 765; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 1; Hook. Fl. Scot. 6; Berwick Flora, 7; On heaths, dry banks, &e. frequent.

6. V. Chamaedrys (Germander Speedwell, Wild Germander)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 23; Eng. Bot. 623; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 2; Hook. Fl. Scot. 7; Berwick Flora, 7; In meadows, pastures, gardens, &c.

7. V. montana (Mountain Speedwell, Mountain Madwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 23; Eng. Bot. 786; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 2; Gr. Fl. Eds. 4; In woods, but not very common.

8. V. agrestis (Green Procumbent Speedwell, Germander Chickweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 24; Eng. Bot. t. 783 and t. 2603; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 1; V. pulchella Lam. and De Cand. v. 388; according to specimens from Thomas of Bex. On cultivated ground everywhere. Fries, a German Botanist, as well as the authors of the Supplement to the English Botany, have separate. Veronica agrestris into two species (see 763 and 2603) though the plant with blue flowers, and the other with the lower petals variegated with white, are found constantly growing together, and can scarcely be considered as varieties. The seeds of both vary in number. Veronica polita is the name assigned by them to the plant figured at 763.

9. V. filiformis (Long-stalked Speedwell)

Lam. and De Cand. Fl. Fr. v.388 (excluding Sm. in Linn. Tr. ii. 195); Berwick Flora, 252 f. 1; V. agrestis Sm. Fl. Graec. t. 8; Prod. i. 9; V. Buxbaumii Tenore Fl. Neap. i. p. 7, t. 10; Linn. Syst. Veg. Spreng. i. 75; Naturalized in the dene near Twizell House, N. Indigenous at Whiterig, in Berwickshire, eight miles from Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. V. arvensis (Wall Speedwell, Speedwell Chickweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 24; Eng. Bot. 734; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 2; Hook. Fl. Scot. 7; On dry banks, walls, &c.

11. V. hederifolia (Ivy-leaved Speedwell, Small Henbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 25; Eng. Bot. 784; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 1; Hook. Fl. Scot. 7; Berwick Flora, 7; On cultivated ground, frequent.

7. PINGUICULA

1. P. vulgaris (Common Butterwort, Yorkshire Sanicle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 28; Eng. Bot. 70; Fl. Scot. 88; Berwick Flora, 8; In bogs on moors. There is a variety in mountainous boggy meadows, with a very large flower of a duller purple, and a remarkably long spur Wallis's Northumberland, vol. i. p. 222;.

8. UTRICULARIA

1. U. vulgaris (Common Bladderwort, Hooded Milfoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 30; Eng. Bot. 253; Berwick Flora, 8; With. ii. 24; At Prestwick Carr, N. In the pond-field above Spindlestone. — Dr. G. Johnstone. In Newham Lough near Bamborough, N — Miss Pringle, Sp. At Hell kettles and Polam, near Darlington, D. At Hardwick, near Sedgefield, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

2. U. intermedia (Intermediate Bladderwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 30; Eng. Bot. 2489; Hook. Fl. Scot. 9; At Prestwick Carr and in Bromley Lough, N. But never observed to flower.

3. U. minor (Lesser Bladderwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 31; Eng. Bot. 254; Hook. Fl. Scot. 9; Gr. Fl. Eds. 5; With. ii. 24; In bogs on Plainmeller Fell, opposite Haltwhistle, N. — Miss Dale, Sp.

9. LEMNA

1. L. trisulca (Ivy-leaved Duckweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 32; Eng. Bot. 926; Hook. Lond. t. 119; Fl. Scot. 10; Berwick Flora, 9; In clear stagnant pools near Newcastle. In ditches near Sunderland, and at Hell-kettles Near Darlington, D. In stells in the Billingham Vale, D John Hogg, Esq. In ditches on Boldon Hills. — Rev. J. Symons.

2. L. minor (Lesser Duck-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 32; Eng. Bot. 1095; Hook. Lond. t. 120; Fl. Scot. 11; In ponds and ditches, everywhere.

10. LYCOPUS

1. L. europaeus (Water Horehound, Gypsywort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 34; Eng. Bot. 1105; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 2; Hook. Fl. Scot. 9; At Prestwick Carr, and in the Ouse-bourn, N. On the banks of Team, near Urpeth Mill, Team Bridge, and Lamesley, D.

11. SALVIA

1. S. verbenaca (Wild English Clary)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 35; Eng. Bot. 154; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 1; With. ii. 27; Gr. Fl. Eds. 6; Berwick Flora, 9; By the waggon-way near Newburn, and on the banks below Tynemouth Castle. On the ruins of the Abbey of Lindisfern and Norham Castle, N., where it was noticed by Wallis, who mistook it for Salvia pratensis On ballast hills below Gateshead, and on the banks of Hawthorn Dene, near Sailor's Hall, D.

12. CLADIUM

1. C. Mariscus (Prickly Twig-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 36; Hook. Fl. Scot. 11; Schoenus Mariscus Eng. Bot. 950; With. ii. 119; In Hell Kettles near Darlington, D. Very rare in the north of England, and but one locality for it mentioned in Hooker's Flora Scotica.

DIANDRIA DIGYNIA

13. ANTHOXANTHUM

1. A. odoratum (Sweet-scented Spring-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 37; Eng. Bot. 647; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 11; In meadows, pastures, &c.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA

14. VALERIANA

1. V. rubra (Red Valerian)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 42; Eng. Bot. 1531; With. ii. 98; Hook. Fl. Scot. 14; Naturalized on the walls of Hulne Abbey near Alnwick, N.

2. V. dioica (Small or Marsh Valerian)

3. V. officinalis (Great Wild Valerian)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 43; Eng. Bot. 698; Curt. Fasc. vi.t. 3; Hook. Fl. Scot. 15; Berwick Flora, 13; In marshes and on the banks of rivers.

15. FEDIA

1. F. olitoria (Corn-salad, Lamb's Lettuce)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 45; Hook. Fl. Scot. 15; Valeriana Locusta Eng. Bot. 811; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 4; Berwick Flora, 13; In Heaton Dene, and in corn fields near Benwell, N. Below the Union Bridge, and above Waren.— Dr. G. Johnston. About Alnwick, N.— Mr. J. Davison. Near Whitburn and Boldon, D. At Norton, Wynyard, and Seaton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

2. F. dentata (Oval-fruited Corn-salad)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 8; Valeriana dentata Eng. Bot. 1370; With. ii. 101; On Fulwell hills and at Cocken, D. Fields near Crowhall, opposite Ridley Hall, N.— Mr. J. Thompson. Near Twizell House, N.— Mrs. Selby.

16. IRIS

1. I. Pseud-acorus (Yellow Iris, Water Flower-de-luce)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 48; Eng. Bot. 578; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 16; Berwick Flora, 14; In ditches, pools, and by rivers.

2. I. foetidissima (Stinking Iris, Gladwyn)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 49; Eng. Bot. 596; With. ii. 106; At Jolby, D.— Mr. E. Robson. Its most northern British locality, no mention being made of the plant in Hooker's Flora Scotica. Blue-flowered Iris. Iris germanicaWallis's Northumberland, i. 241;. Robson's Flora, 144. In boggy places, but not common. What plant Wallis mistook for so showy a species it is difficult to imagine, but the error began with the historian of Northumberland, and was copied by Stephen Robson in his Flora.

17. SCHOENUS

1. S. nigricans (Black Bog-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 51; Eng. Bot. 1121; Hook. Fl. Scot. 16; Berwick Flora, 14; Cyperus nigricans With. i. 118; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N. On moors and boggy places near Berwick, frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston. In hogs near Hartlepool, to the S.E. of Coatham Near Darlington, and near Murton Moor, D. Near Norton, D.— John Hogg, Esq.

18. RHYNCHOSPORA

1. R. alba (White Beak-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 52; Schoenus albus Eng. Bot. 985; With. ii. 122; Hook. Fl. Scot. 16; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N. On Beamish Moor, D.

19. SCIRPUS

1. S. caespitosus (Scaly-stalked Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 55; Eng. Bot. 1029; Hook. Fl. Scot. 16; On turfy moors, common.

2. S. pauciflorus (Few-flowered Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 55; Eng. Bot. 1122; With. ii. 112; Hook. Fl. Scot. 17; Berwick Flora, 14; S. baeothryon In bogs at Willington Quay, and at Prestwick Carr, N. Bog in a field adjoining Spring Gardens near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. Below Hilton Castle and near Darlington, D.

3. S. fluitans (Floating Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 56; Eng. Bot. 216; With. ii. 113; Hook. Fl. Scot. 18; Berwick Flora, 15; Robson's Flora, 240; In ditches near Cleadon and Darlington, D. At Prestwick Carr, and in the pond at Forest Hall, N. In Roadley Lake. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the moor west of Belford, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants.

4. S. lacustris (Bull-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 56; Eng. Bot. 666; Hook. Fl. Scot. 18; Lond. t. 91; S. glaucus Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 57; Eng. Bot. 2321; S. lacustris Hudson. 19; Sm. Fl. Brit. 52; Hook. Fl. Scot. 18; α By rivers, lakes, and ponds. β in marshes near Dyke House, in the neighbourhood of Hartlepool, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse.

5. S. setaceus (Least Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 58; Eng. Bot. 1693; Hook. Lond. 97; Fl. Scot. 19; Berwick Flora, 15; Isolepis setacea Lindley Syn. 283. On boggy moors, frequent.

6. S. caricinus (Compressed Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 58; Berwick Flora, 15; Schoenus compressus Eng. Bot. 791; With. ii. 121; Hook. Fl. Scot. 16; On the banks of Tyne at Chollerford and Low Park End, and on the Links at Holy Island and Bamborough, N. Near Gallowhill. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In bogs at Ryehope, and on the banks of Tees near Middleton, D. Near Darlington. — Robson's Flora.

7. S. rufus (Brown Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 59; Schoenus rufus Eng. Bot. 1010; Hook. Fl. Scot. 17; With i. 122; In marshes on the Wear below Southwick, D. Near Hartlepool, D — Rev. J. Dalton.

8. S. carinatus (Blunt-edged Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 60; Eng. Bot. 1983; Hook. Lond. t. 79; S. lacustris Hudson, 19; By the Tees near Stockton, D.— G. T. Fox, Esq.

9. S. maritimus (Salt-marsh Club-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 61; Eng. Bot. 542; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 19; Berwick Flora, 16; On the salt marshes of Tyne, Wear, Tees, N. and D. Sea coast near Beal, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

10. S. sylvaticus (Wood Club-rush, or Millet Cyperus-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 62; Eng. Bot. 919; With. ii. 116; Hook. Fl. Scot. 19; Berwick Flora, 16; On the banks of Pont and of Till, also in Scotswood, Denton, and Walbottle Denes, N. By the Tweed between the Union Bridge and Horncliffe. — Dr. G. Johnston. On the banks of Team, and in Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, D.

20. ELEOCHARIS

1. E. palustris (Creeping Spike-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 63; Scirpus palustris Eng. Bot. 131; Hook. Fl. Scot. 18; By rivulets, lakes, and on boggy ground.

2. E. multicaulis (Many-stalked Spike-rush)

Eng. Bot. 11871; Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 64; Scirpus multicaulis With. ii. 111; S. palustris Hook. Fl. Scot. 18; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 14; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N.

21. ERIOPHORUM

1. E. vaginatum (Hare's-tail Cotton-grass)

2. E. angustifolium (Narrow-leaved Cotton-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 69; Eng. Bot. 564; Berwick Flora, 17; E. polystachion Hudson, 21; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 9; E. polystachion Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 67; Eng. Bot 563; Berwick Flora, 16; E. nivale G. Don. Sp; On turfy moors and in boggy meadows. β on moors with var. α, not rare. Below Allerton Mill near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. In β the stalks of the spikes are long as represented by the figure in Eng. Bot., and the stem frequently puts out lateral branches from the sheathes of its leaves.

3. E. pubescens (Downy-stalked Cotton-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i 68; Berwick Flora, 17; Hook. Br. Fl. 25; E. polystachion Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 6; E. latifolium Schrad. Germ. 154; E. gracile Sm. Eng. Fl. 69; Eng. Bot. 2402; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 19; E. triquetrum Hoppe, Fasc. 1800; α Near the Widdy Bank, on Teesdale Moors, and in Waskerly Park near Wolsingham, also on boggy ground below Hilton Castle, D. Near Haly pike Lough, N. On the Wallington Moors. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. β on the Teesdale and Wolsingham Moors. D. On Redpath Moors, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. This species of Cotton-grass is easily recognised by its soft grass-like leaves and the downy stalks of its spikes. β is only a slender variety. I suspect that slender specimens both of Eriophorum angustifolium and Eriophorum pubescens pass under the name of Eriphorum gracile For the correctness of the quotations of the synonyms from Wahlenberg's Fl. Lapp, and Hoppe Fasc., I rest upon the authority of specimens from the late Dr. Swartz and Mr. Thomas of Bex.

22. NARDUS

1. N. stricta (Mat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 70; Eng. Bot. 290; Hook. Fl. Scot. 21; Berwick Flora, 18; On moors and commons.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA

23. PHALARIS

1. P. canariensis (Manured Canary-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 74; Eng. Bot, 1310; Berwick Flora, 18; Hook. Fl. Scot. 23; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

2. P. arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 74; Eng. Bot. 402; and 2160, f. 2; Arundo colorata Sm. Fl. Brit. 147; Hook. Fl. Scot. 23; Berwick Flora, 18; On the banks of rivers and margins of pools.

24. PHLEUM

1. P. pratense (Common Cat's-tail-grass, Timothy-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 75; Eng. Bot. 1076; Hook. Fl. Scot. 23; P. nodosum Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 88; Alopecurus bulbosus Dick. Hort. Sic. Fasc. xii. 4; α In moist meadows; γ on dry barren ground.

2. P. arenarium (Sea Cat's-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 78; Hook. Lond. t. 7; Hook. Fl Scot, 24; Berwick Flora, 19; Phalaris arenaria Eng. Bot. 222; With. ii. 166; On the sea-coast of N. and D., frequent. On the links at Holy Island, N.

25. ALOPECURUS

1. A. pratensis (Meadow Fox-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 79; Eng. Bot. 759; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 5; Hook. Fl. Scot. 21; Berwick Flora, 19; One of the best and most abundant of the meadow grasses.

2. A. agrestis (Slender Fox-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 80; Eng. Bot. 848; Hook. Fl. Scot. 22; In cultivated fields, chiefly in the Magnesian Limestone district.

3. A. bulbosus (Bulbous Fox-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 81; Eng. Bot. 1249; Hook. Br. Fl. 28; Near Seaton and Hartlepool, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

4. A. geniculatus (Floating Fox-tail-grass)

26. POLYPOGON

1. P. monspeliensis (Annual Beard-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl i. 85; Agrostis panicea Eng. Bot. 1704; Alopecurus monspeliensis With. ii. 177; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

27. MILIUM

1. M. effusum (Millet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 87; Eng. Bot. 1106; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 12; Hook. Fl. Scot. 24; In shady woods, common.

28. AGROSTIS

1. A. Spica-venti (Silky Bent-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 89; Eng. Bot. 951; With. ii. 180; On the Windmill Hills, near Gateshead; and close to Beamish mill, D. In Heaton Dene, near Rennoldson's mill; also by the road side near St. Anthon's, and North Shields, N. Introduced among corn. This grass is not mentioned in Hooker's Flora Scotica.

2. A. canina (Brown Bent-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 90; Eng. Bot. 1856; Hook. Fl. Scot. 24; β Hudson 30; A. tenuifolia Curtis Br. Gr. 42; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N. On Gateshead Fell, and in Waskerly Park, D. At Birch Carr, near Darlington.— Mr. Backhouse. In autumn this grass puts out long shoots, which take root at every joint. In this state it is Agrostis fascicularis of Curtis and Davy's Agricultural Chemistry, 2d Ed. p. 162. In common with other stoloniferous grasses it produces but few seeds.

3. A. vulgaris (Common Bent-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 91; Eng. Bot. 1671; Hook. Fl. Scot. 25; Berwick Flora, 19; Fl. Brit. i. 80; Fl. Brit. i. 80; A. pumila Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 371; Lightfoot, 1081; Fl. Brit. i. 80; α In fields, frequent. β and δ in fields, &c. less common. γ in Teesdale Forest, and alpine pastures near Knitsley and Hamsterley, D. Probably a distinct species.

4. A. alba (Marsh Bent-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 93; Eng. Bot. 1139; Hook. Fl. Scot. 25; Berwick Flora, 20; A. stolonifera Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 93; Eng. Bot. 1532; Fl. Brit. 80; Florin Grass of Dr. Richardson; A. sylvatica Hudson, 1st Ed. 28; Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 371; α In wet meadows, β by the Tyne, Wear, and Tees. γ in woods, but not common. When growing in salt marshes, but especially by springs close to the sea, as at the foot of Tynemouth Castle rock, this grass attains a remarkable size, and in that state it used to be considered a distinct species, and described under the name of Agrostis stolonifera.

29. DIGITARIA

1. D. sanguinalis (Cock's-foot Finger-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 96; Panicum sangninale Eng. Bot. 489; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 7; Hook. Fl. Scot. 21; With. ii. 169; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.-W. Weighell's Herb.

30. PANICUM

1. P. verticillatum (Rough Panick-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 98; Eng. Bot. 874; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 6; With. ii. 168; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.-W. Weighell's Herb.

2. P. viride (Green Panick-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 99; Eng. Bot. 875; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 5; With. ii. 168; On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

31. AIRA

1. A. cristata (Crested Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 101; Eng. Bot. 648; Hook. Fl. Scot. 29; Berwick Flora, 20; Poa cristata With. ii. 205; In Castle Eden Dene; in Limestone pastures near Sunderland; at Baydales, near Darlington; and near Eglestone, D, near the Spanish Battery, at Tynemouth, and on the Links at Dunstanborough, Bamborough, and Holy Island, N. Near Berwick, not uncommon.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. A. aquatica (Water Hair-grass)

3. A. caespitosa (Turfy Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 102; Eng. Bot. 1453; Hook. Fl. Scot. 29; Berwick Flora, 20; In woods and on the borders of fields, abundant.

4. A. alpina (Smooth Alpine Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 103; Hook. Fl. Scot. 29; A. laevigata Eng. Bot. 2102; On the banks of Wear above Low Pallion, D. The viviparous variety.— Mr. Wilkinson, Sp.

5. A. flexuosa (Wavy Mountain Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 104; Eng. Bot. 1519; Hook. Fl. Scot. 30; Berwick Flora, 21; On moors and hilly pastures.

6. A. praecox (Early Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 105; Eng. Bot. 1296; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 7; Hook. Fl. Scot. 30; Berwick Flora, 21; On moors and in barren pastures.

7. A. caryophyllea (Silver Hair-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 105; Eng. Bot. 812; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 6; Hook. Fl. Scot. 30; Berwick Flora, 21; In barren pastures, and on moors.

32. HOLCUS

1. H. lanatus (Meadow Soft-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 107; Eng. Bot. 1169; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 11; Hook. Fl. Scot. 28; In meadows and pastures, abundant.

2. H. mollis (Creeping Soft-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 108; Eng. Bot. 1170; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 8; Hook. Fl. Scot. 28; In woods and hedges.

2. H. avenaceus (Oat-like Soft-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 108; Eng. Bot. 813; Hook. Fl. Scot. 28; In hedges, fields, and woods.

33. MELICA

1. M. uniflora (Wood Melic-grass)

2. M. nutans (Mountain Melic grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 112; Eng. Bot. 1059; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 30; With. ii. 196; In Tecket-wood near Simonburn, N. On the banks of Irthing at Gilsland, N.— Mr. J. Thompson. In Castle Eden Dene, and woods near Middleton in Teesdale, D, In Cocken woods, D.— Rev. J. Symons.

3. M. caerulea (Purple Melic-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 113; Eng. Bot. 750; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 11; Hook. Fl. Scot. 31; Berwick Flora, 22; On moors and heathy places, common.

34. SESLERIA

1. S. caerulea (Blue Moor-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 114; Eng. Bot. 1613; With. ii. 198; Hook. Fl. Scot. 31; On Limestone rocks and in dry pastures, on both sides of the Wear, above Sunderland, and on the banks of Tees, from Eglestone to the Cauldron Snout, D.

35. GLYCERIA

1. G. aquatica (Reedy Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 116; Poa aquatica Eng. Bot. 1315; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 12; Hook. Fl. Scot. 32; By rivers, pools, &c., frequent.

2. G. fluitans (Floating Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 116; Br. Prod. N. Holl. 179; Berwick Flora, 22; Poa fluitans Eng. Bot. 1520; Hook. Fl. Scot. 32; Festuca fluitans Curt. Fasc. i. t. 7; In pools and slow streams. One of the few British plants which is also indigenous in Australia.

3. G. distans (Reflexed Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 118; Poa distans Eng. Bot. 986; Hook. Fl. Scot. 33; With. ii. 199; Poa retroflexora Curt. Fasc. vi. 1. 10; In lanes near Darlington, and in fields near Painsher and Whitburn; also by the road side near Castle Eden, and on walls at Hartlepool, D. On the sea coast at Cullercoats, and on St. Anthon's ballast quay, N.

4. G. maritima (Creeping Sea Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. i. 118; Berwick Flora, 23; Poa maritima Eng. Bot. 1140; With. ii. 207; Hook. Fl. Scot. 33; On the shores of Tyne and Wear; near the sea. Rocks at Dunstanborough Castle and Landisfern, N. On the coast near Berwick, and by the Tweed above the bridge.— Dr. G. Johnston. On the Fern IslandsP.J. Selby, Esq. At Hartlepool, D. By the Tees at Portrack, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

5. G. procumbens (Procumbent Sea Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 119; Berwick Flora, 23; Poa procumbens Eng. Bot. 532; Hook. Fl. Scot. 33; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 11; Poa rupestris With. ii. 207 t. 26; On the sea coast near Cullercoats, N. Between Hendon Lodge and the sea near Sunderland, and on Sunderland Moor; also at Fulwell, in Byers's quarry near Whitburn, and on the quay above South Shields, D. Near Hartlepool, D.— Mr. E. Robson. On the Fern Islands, N.— P.J. Selby, Esq.

6. G. rigida (Hard Sweet-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 119; Berwick Flora, 23; Poa rigida Eng. Bot. 1371; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 4; With. ii. 206; Hook. Fl. Scot. 33; On the Magnesian Limestone in the vicinity of Sunderland and Hartlepool, and at the Lizards, near Whitburn, D. On the Heugh at Holy Island, N.

36. POA

1. P. compressa (Flat-stalked Meadow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 121; Eng. Bot. 365; With. ii. 206; Hook. Fl. Scot. 34; Near the White-lead Factory, W. of Newcastle, N.— Mr. Wm. Robertson. At Hartlepool, and between East Boldon and Cleadon, D.

2. P. trivialis (Roughish Meadow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 124; Eng. Bot. 1072; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 6; Hook. Fl. Scot. 35; In meadows and pastures. An excellent pasture-grass.

3. P. pratensis (Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 125; Eng. Bot. 1073; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 6; Hook. Fl. Scot. 35; γ P. subcaeruleaEng. Bot. 1004;P. humilisWith, ii. 202; α. An excellent grass, common in meadows, &c. γ on Fulwell hills, and on the coast north of Sunderland Pier, D. Near Benton, N.

4. P. annua (Annual Meadow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 127; Eng. Bot. 1141; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 6; Hook. Fl. Scot. 35; In lowland situations everywhere.

5. P. nemoralis (Wood Meadow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 129; Eng. Bot. 1265; Hook. Fl. Scot. 35; In woods near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. Cocken Woods, D.— Rev. J. Symons. Tecket wood, N. A rare grass in these counties.

37. TRIODIA

1. T. decumbens (Decumbent Heath-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 131; Berwick Flora, 24; Poa decumbens Eng. Bot. 792; Hook. Fl. Scot. 36; Festuca decumbens Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 110; Hudson, 47; On moors and barren heaths, frequent. On Gateshead Fell, D., and Newcastle Town Moor, N. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

38. BRIZA

1. B. media (Common Quaking-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl i. 133; Eng. Bot. 340; Hook. Fl. Scot. 37; Berwick Flora, 25; In pastures, &c., frequent.

38. DACTYLIS

1. D. glomerata (Rough Cock's-foot-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 134; Eng. Bot. 335; Hook. Fl. Scot. 37; In meadows, pastures, and by hedges. A productive, but coarse grass.

40. CYNOSURUS

1. C. cristatus (Crested Dog's-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl i. 137; Eng. Bot. 316; Hook. Fl. Scot. 37; In meadows and pastures on a dry soil everywhere.

2. C. echinatus (Rough Dog's-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 137; Eng. Bot. 1333; With. ii. 212; On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D., rare. On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N Mr. John Thornhill and Mr. R. Waugh.

41. FESTUCA

1. F. ovina (Sheep's Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 139; Eng. Bot. 585; Hook. Fl. Scot. 38; F. rubra With. ii. 153 according to Smith. F. caesia Eng. Bot. 1917; F. tenuifolia Sibth. 44; In upland pastures, and on moors. δ at Prestwick Carr, N.

2. F. vivipara (Viviparous Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 140; Eng. Bot. 1355; Berwick Flora, 25; With. ii. 216; F. ovina Gr. Fl. Eds. 25; F. ovina Hook. Br. Fl. 45; Near Eglestone, D. Near Crow Hall, opposite Ridley Hall, on the Tyne. — Mr. J. Thompson. On Cheviot, N. Most probably a variety of Festuca ovina.

3. F. duriuscula (Hard Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 141; Eng. Bot. 470; Hook. Fl. Scot. 38; F. dumetorum Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 109; α In dry meadows. β in woods.

4. F. rubra (Creeping Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 141; Eng. Bot. 2056; F. glauca Sm. Eng. Fl. 142; Northumberland and Durham Guide, vol. ii. Preface 2 and 19, No. 1102; Berwick Flora, 26; Holy Island, N. δ on rocks below Tynemouth Castle, and at Hartley, N. At Whitburn and Hartlepool, D. On Spittle Sands. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

5. F. bromoides (Barren Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 142; Eng. Bot. 1411; Hook. Fl. Scot. 39; Berwick Flora, 26; On walls and in sterile places.

6. F. Myurus (Wall Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 143; Eng. Bot. 1412; Hook. Fl. Scot. 39; Not common about Newcastle. On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N. On Hebburn and Sunderland ballast hills, D. On dykes about Berwick, frequent.— Dr. G. Johnston.

7. F. gigantea (Giant Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 144; Eng. Bot. 1820; Hook. Fl. Scot. 39; Bromus giganteus Curt. Fasc. v. t. 7; In moist woods and hedges.

8. F. loliacca (Spiked Fescue-grass)

Sm. Fl. i. 146; Eng. Bot. 1821; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 9; Hook. Fl. Scot. 40; Berwick Flora, 26; In meadows near Team; near Darlington; and in Lambton Park, D. By the sides of the Tweed, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

9. F. pratensis (Meadow Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 147; Eng. Bot. 1592; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 7; Hook. Fl. Scot. 40; A valuable grass, but not very abundant in our meadows and pastures.

10. F. elatior (Tall Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 148; Eng. Bot. 1593; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 8; Berwick Flora, 27; In damp woods and moist meadows, N. and D. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

11. F. sylvatica (Slender Wood Fescue-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 149; Hudson, 1st ed. 38; Hook. Fl. Scot. 40; Berwick Flora. 27; Bromus sylvaticus Eng. Bot. 729; Fl. Brit. i. 136; In woods and hedges, common.

42. BROMUS

1. B. secalinus (Smooth Rye Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 151; Eng. Bot. 1171; With. ii. 224; Hook. Fl. Scot. 41; In corn fields near Gateshead and Sunderland, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Reedsmouth, N.

2. B. velutinus (Downy Rye Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 152; Hook. Fl. Scot. 41; B. multiflorus Eng. Bot. 1884; With. ii. 225; Near Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse. In fields at Norwood, near Ravensworth, D.

3. B. mollis (Soft Brome-grass)

4. B. racemosus (Smooth Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 154; Eng. Bot. 1079; Hook. Fl. Scot. 41; With. ii. 226; B. pratensis Eng. Bot. 1984, at the bottom. Sm. Comp. 19; B. arvensis Eng. Bot. 920; In fields near Sunderland, Hartlepool, and Darlington, D. On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N.

5. B. arvensis (Taper Field Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 156; Eng. Bot. 1984; Hook. Fl. Scot. 42; B. spiculi-tenuata Knapp. t. 81; At Hartlepool, towards Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

6. B. asper (Hairy Wood Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 158; Eng. Bot. 1172; Hook. Fl. Scot. 42; B. hirsutus Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 8; In damp woods and hedges.

7. B. sterilis (Barren Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 159; Eng. Bot. 1030; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 9; Hook. Fl. Scot. 43; In fields, hedges, and on old walls.

8. B. diandrus (Upright Annual Brome-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 160; Eng. Bot. 1006; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 5; With. ii. 228; Hook. Fl. Scot. 43; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

43. AVENA

1. A. fatua (Wild Oat, or Haver)

Eng. Bot. 2221; Berwick Flora, 28; With. ii. 233; Hook. Fl. Scot. 43; In corn fields on the Magnesian Limestone, near Sunderland, Easington, and Castle Eden, D. About Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. In corn fields, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. About Newcastle, not frequent.

2. A. strigosa (Bristle-pointed Oat)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 163; Eng. Bot. 1266; With. ii. 234; In corn fields near Sunderland, Castle Eden, Tanfield, and Burnupfield, D. Near West Pitts, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

3. A. pubescens (Downy Oat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 164; Eng. Bot. 1640; With. ii. 233; Hook. Fl. Scot. 43; Berwick Flora, 28; On the Magnesian Limestone near Whitburn, Fulwell, Sunderland, and Castle Eden, and on the Encrinal Limestone near New House, Weardale, D. In fields near Haddrick's Mill, N. On the sea coast and the banks of the Tweed, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. A. pratensis (Narrow-leaved Oat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 164; Eng. Bot. 1204; Berwick Flora, 28; With. ii. 234; Hook. Fl. Scot. 43; In Magnesian Limestone pastures about Cleadon, Sunderland, and Castle Eden, D. Near Spittal, Gull-hole, and by the river banks Near Berwick on the Encrinal Limestone. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. A. flavescens (Yellow Oat-grass)

44. ARUNDO

1. A. Phragmites (Common Reed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i, 168; Eng. Bot. 401; Fl. Scot. 27; In marshy places, by rivers, &c.

2. A. epigejos (Wood Reed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 169; Eng. Bot. 403; With. ii. 236; A. Calamagrostis Lightfoot, 106; Hook. Fl. Scot. 27; Calamagrostis lanceolata Hook. Br. Fl. 32; At the foot of the north branch of Castle Eden Dene, and by the Tyne above Hebburn Quay, D. On the banks of North Tyne, near Warden Mill, and in woods near Gilsland wells, N.

3. A. arenaria (Sea Reed, Marram, Sea Mat-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 171; Eng. Bot. 520; Hook. Fl. Scot. 27; Berwick Flora, 29; Ammophila arundinacea Lindley Syn. 303; On the sea beach of Northumberland and Durham.

45. LOLIUM

1. L. perenne (Perennial Darnel, Red Darnel, Raygrass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 173; Eng. Bot. 315; Hook. Fl. Scot. 45; Lond. Fasc. i. t. 18; L. tenue Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 462; Sm. i. 173; α In meadows and pastures every where. β and δ much less common.

2. L. temulentum (Bearded Darnel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 174; Eng. Bot. 1124; Hook. Fl. Scot. 45; Berwick Flora, 30; In corn fields near Cleadon, Sunderland, Castle Eden, and Darlington, D. Less frequent in Northumberland. On Shoreswood farm near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. L. arvense (White Darnel, Annual Beardless Darnell)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 174; Eng. Bot. 1125; Hook. Fl. Scot. 45; With. ii. 239; Berwick Flora, 30; In fields between Darlington and Conniscliffe. — Mr. Backhouse. On the borders of corn fields at Whickham, D. In corn fields at Easington, near Belford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

46. ROTTBOLLIA

1. R. incurvata (Sea Hard-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 175; Eng. Bot. 760; With. ii. 240; Hook. Fl. Scot. 46; In Seaton pasture, D.— Mr. Backhouse. In the salt marshes of Tyne, Wear, and Tees, N. and D.

47. ELYMUS

1. E. arenarius (Upright Sea Lime-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 177; Eng. Bot. 1672; Hook. Fl. Scot. 46; With. ii. 241; On the coast near Castle Eden, Sunderland North Pier, and South Shields, D. At Seaton Snook.— John Hogg, Esq.South of Sunderland, D. — Mr. John Thornhill. At Cullercoats and Newbiggen, N.

2. E. europaeus (Wood Lime-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 178; Eng. Bot. 1317; With. ii. 242; Hordeum sylvaticum Hudson, 57; Knapp. t. 107; In Ramshaw Wood and Scotswood dene, N. On the east bank of Wescrow Bourn, four miles north of Wolsingham, D. Between Rushyford and Ferry Hill, D.— Mr. E. Robson. This plant is not mentioned in Hooker's Flora Scotica. It appears more nearly allied to the genus Hordeum than to Elymus.

48. HORDEUM

1. H. murinum (Wall Barley, Mouse Barley, Way Bennet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 179; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 9; Eng. Bot. 1971; Hook. Fl. Scot. 46; On old walls, and by way sides, common.

2. H. pratense (Meadow Barley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 180; Eng. Bot. 409; Hook. Fl. Scot. 46; Berwick Flora, 31; In meadows near Jarrow and Monkton, D. Near Ponteland, N. By no means a common grass in the north of England. In moist meadows near Berwick, rare.— Dr. G. Johnston.

5. H. maritimum (Sea Barley, Squirrel-tail-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 180; Eng. Bot. 1205; With. ii. 244; Hook. Lond. i. t. 43; Fl. Scot. 46; Near Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse. At Hartlepool, D.— Rev. J. Dalton. On Holy Island, opposite St. Cuthbert's Island, N.?— Thompson's Berwick Plants.

49. TRITICUM

1. T. junceam (Sea Rushy Wheat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 182; Eng. Bot. 814; Hook. Fl. Scot. 44; Berwick Flora, 31; On the sea shores of N. and D. abundant. not very common on the coast near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. repens (Creeping Wheat-grass, Couch-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 182; Eng. Bot. 909; Hook. Fl. Scot. 44; In hedges and fields, every where.

3. T. caninum (Fibrous-rooted Wheat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 184; Eng. Bot. 1372; Hook. Fl. Scot. 44; Berwick Flora, 32; In moist woods and hedges.

4. T. loliaccum (Dwarf Sea Wheat-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 185; Eng. Bot. 221; Hook. Fl. Scot. 45; With. ii. 246; Near Seaton, D. — Mr. E. Robson; and Hartlepool, D Rev. J. Dalton. On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA

50. MONTIA

1. M. fontana (Water Chickweed, Blinks)

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA

51. DIPSACUS

1. D. fullonum (Manured or Fuller's Teasel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 192; Eng. Bot. 2080; Hook. Fl. Scot. 49; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

2. D. sylvestris (Wild Teasel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 193; Eng. Bot. 1032; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 9; Hook. Fl. Scot. 49; Berwick Flora, 35; In moist hedges, &c., frequent. By road sides near Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. D. pilosus (Small Teasel, Shepherd's Staff)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 193; Eng. Bot. 877; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 10; With. ii. 255; Hook. Fl. Scot. 49; On the ballast hills, west of Bishopwearmouth, D.— Rev. J. S. Symons.

52. KNAUTIA

1. K. arvensis (Field Knautia)

Hook. Br. Fl. 60; Scabiosa arvensis Sm Eng. Fl. i. 195; Eng. Bot. 659; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 49; Berwick Flora, 35; In corn fields and pastures, common.

53. SCABIOSA

1. S. succisa (Devil's-bit Scabious)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 194; Eng. Bot. 878; Curt. Fasc. iii. 10; Hook. Fl. Scot. 49; Berwick Flora, 35; In moist meadows, and by the edges of woods.

2. S. columbaria (Small Scabious)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 195; Eng. Bot. 1311; Hook. Fl. Scot. 50; Berwick Flora, 35; In limestone fields near Fulwell, Sunderland, and Castle Eden, D. Near Durham, and in Embleton Dene, D. — John Hogg, Esq. Near Old Park, Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On Warden hills, near Hexham, N. On the banks of Tweed, near West Ord House, on Spindlestone hills and above New Farm, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. Indicative of a calcareous soil.

54. SHERARDIA

1. S. arvensis (Blue Sherardia, or Little Field-Madder)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 196; Eng. Bot. 891; Curt. Fasc. v. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 50; Berwick Flora, 36; Among corn, and in fallow fields.

55. ASPERULA

1. A. odorata (Sweet Woodruff, or Woodroof)

56. GALIUM

1. G. cruciatum (Cross-wort, Mug-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 199; Eng. Bot. 143; Valantia Cruciata Linn. Sp. Pl. 1491; Hudson, 441; Lightfoot, 663; In hedges, and the borders of woods, frequent.

2. G. palustre (White Water Bed-straw)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 199; Eng. Bot. 1857; Hook. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 20; Gr. Fl. Eds. 36; Berwick Flora, 36; Hook. Br. Fl. 62; G. Witheringii Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 200; Eng. Bot. 2206; Hook. Fl. Scot. 51; With. ii. 261 t. xxviii; Berwick Flora, 37; α In ditches and pools. β in situations comparatively dry, by no means common. At Polam, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse. At the base of Cheviot, below Langley-ford, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

3. G. saxatile (Smooth Heath Bed-straw)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 201; Eng. Bot. 815; Hook. Fl. Scot. 51; Berwick Flora, 37; G. montanum Hudson, 67; G. procumbens With. ii. 261; On moors and fells, abundant.

4. G. uliginosum (Rough Marsh Bed-straw)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 201; Eng. Bot. 1972; Hook. Fl. Scot. 51; Berwick Flora, 37; Lond. Fasc. i 21; With. ii. 262; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N. Near Berwick, not rare — Dr. G. Johnston. On Beamish Moor, near Medomsley, and near Winch-bridge, in Teesdale, D.

5. G. tricorne (Corn Bed-straw, Three-flowered Goose-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 205; Eng. Bot. 1641; With. ii. 264; G. spurium Hudson, 68; On Fulwell hills.— Mr. E. Robson. In corn fields, near Seaton, and the mouth of Tees, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

6. G. verum (Yellow Bed-straw, Cheese-rennet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 208; Eng. Bot. 66; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 50; Berwick Flora, 36; In dry hilly situations, and on the sands of the sea shore, common.

7. G. Mollugo (Great Hedge Bed-straw)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 208; Eng. Bot. 1673; With. ii. 264; Hook. Fl. Scot. 53; In hedges and denes, frequent.

8. G. boreale (Cross-leaved Bed-straw)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 209; Eng. Bot. 105; Hook. Fl. Scot. 53; With. ii. 267; On the banks of Tyne at Bywell, Wylam, Low Park End, and Warden-mill, and on the banks of the Irthing, near Wardrew, N. On the banks of Tees, at Winch Bridge, and near Eglestone, on the banks of the Skern, near Darlington, and in Cliffwood, D.

9. G. Aparine (Goose-grass, or Cleavers)

57. PLANTAGO

1. P. major (Greater Plantain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 213; Eng. Bot. 1558; Hook. Fl. Scot. 53; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 11; In meadows and pastures, everywhere.

2. P. media (Hoary Plantain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 214; Eng. Bot. 1559; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 14; Hook. Fl. Scot. 53; Berwick Flora, 38; In pastures on the Magnesian Limestone, common. On dry pastures near Berwick, upon the Encrinal Limestone.

3. P. lanceolata (Rib-wort Plaintain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 214; Eng. Bot. 507; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 10; Hook. Fl. Scot. 54; Berwick Flora, 38; In meadows and pastures, frequent. I have gathered the panicled variety mentioned by Smith, in meadows at Beamish, D.

4. P. maritima (Sea Plantain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 215; Eng. Bot. 175; Hook. Fl. Scot. 54; Berwick Flora, 38; On the sea coast, common. On Newcastle Town Moor, and near Bavington, N. Near the High Force of Tees, D. In the neighbourhood of Barnard Castle, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

5. P. Coronopus (Bucks-horn Plantain, Star of the Earth)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 216; Eng. Bot. 892; Hook. Fl. Scot. 54; Berwick Flora, 38; On the sea coast, common.

58. SANGUISORBA

1. S. officinalis (Great Burnet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 218; Eng. Bot. 1312; Hook. Fl. Scot. 54; In moist meadows and pastures, frequent.

59. CORNUS

1. C. sanguinea (Wild Cornel-tree, Dog-wood)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 221; Eng. Bot. 249; Hook. Fl. Scot. 55; On the Magnesian Limestone, in woods and hedges about Hetton-le-Hole and Castle Eden, D. Near Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq.

2. C. Succica (Dwarf Cornel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 221; Eng. Bot. 310; Hook. Fl. Scot. 55; With. ii. 278; Gr. Fl. Eds. 39; Berwick Flora, 39; On the Cheviot Hills, N., first discovered by Dr. Penny, who died in 1568; again noticed by Thos. Willisellin 1670. — Ray's Letters, p. 68. Re-discovered by Dr. G. Johnston in 1828; on the east side of the mountain, two-thirds from the base, and close to the spring, where persons ascending generally rest themselves.

60. PARIETARIA

1. P. officinalis (Pellitory of the Wall)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 222; Eng. Bot. 879; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 63; Hook. Fl. Scot. 56; Berwick Flora, 39; On Newcastle town walls, Durham Abbey, and on the ruins of most old castles, N. and D. Also on the Magnesian Limestone rocks near Southwick, D. On the ramparts of Berwick, and dyke below the chain bridge. — Dr. G. Johnston.

61. ALCHEMILLA

1. A. vulgaris (Common Ladies' Mantle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 223; Eng. Bot. 597; Berwick Fl. 39; Hook. Fl. Scot. 56; A. minor Hudson, i. 59; α In woods, meadows, and pastures; β in mountainous situations.

2. A. arvensis (Field Ladies' Mantle, Parsley-piert)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 224; Eng. Bot. 1011; Hook. Fl. Scot. 56; Berwick Flora, 39; In barren situations, fallow fields, &c.

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA

62. ILEX

63. I. Aquifolium (Holly-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 227; Eng. Bot. 496; Hook. Fl. Scot. 56; Berwick Flora, 39; Remarkably luxuriant in the woods of Northumberland and Durham.

63. POTAMOGETON

1. P. natans (Broad-leaved Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 228; Eng. Bot. 1822; Hook. Fl. Scot. 57; Berwick Flora, 41; In ponds and rivulets.

2. P. heterophyllum (Various-leaved, Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 229; Eng. Bot. 1285; With. ii. 293; Hook. Fl. Scot. 57; Berwick Flora, 41; In Prestwick Carr, N. In pools near Wescrow Bourn, in Waskerley Park, D.

3. P. perfoliatum (Perfoliate Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 229; Eng. Bot. 168; Br. Prod. 343; Hook. Fl. Scot. 58; Berwick Flora, 41; In a lake at Dudley Shield, near Netherwitton, N. In the Skern, near Darlington.— Mr. E. Robson. In the Tweed, and in large ponds near BerwickDr. G. Johnston. This appears to be a native of Australia by Brown's Prodromus.

4. P. densum (Close-leaved Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 230; Eng. Bot. 397; Hook. Fl. Scot. 58; In ponds at Walker, N. In a spring near Manhaven, on the coast north of Whitburn, also in ponds at Hebburn, and the Skern, near Darlington, D.

5. P. fluitans (Long-leaved floating Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 230; Eng. Bot. 1286; Hook. Fl. Scot. 57; With. ii. 293; Gr. Fl. Eds. 40; P. rufescens Hook. Br. Fl. 75; In Whey Syke, on Teesdale Forest, D. In ditches communicating with Hell Kettles, near Darlington. Mr. E. Robson. In ponds on Alnwick, moor, N. — Mr. John Davison.

6. P. lucens (Shining Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 231; Eng. Bot. 376; Hook. Fl. Scot. 58; Gr. Fl. .Eds. 41; Berwick Flora, 41; In Prestwick Carr, Crag Lake, and the lake at Dudley Shield; also in the mill-race at Hexham, in the Tweed above the Union Bridge, and a little below Coldstream, N. In the Whey-syke on Teesdale Forest, the river Skern, and ponds near Darlington, D.

7. P. crispum (Curled Pond-weed)

8. P. compressum (Flat-stalked Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 233; Eng. Bot. 418; Hook. Fl. Scot. 58; With. ii. 295; In ponds at Wide-haugh, near Dilston, N. In stells near Seaton, and in a pond near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

9. P. pusillum (Small Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 235; Eng. Bot. 215; With. ii. 297; Gr. Fl. Eds. 41; Berwick Flora, 41; In the loch at Holy Island, and in Prestwick Carr, N. In ponds at Lambton, and in Mordent Carr, D. About Norton and Stockton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. In the Aln, near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

10. P. pectinatum (Fennel-leaved Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 236; Eng. Bot. 323; Gr. Fl. Eds. 41; Berwick Flora, 42; With. ii. 295; Hook. Fl. Scot. 59; P. marinum Linn. Sp. Pl. 184; Hudson, 76; At Hell Kettles, near Darlington; in the river Wear at Chester New Bridge, near Lambton Ferry, and above Sunderland, D. In salt-water ditches near the Tees. — John Hogg, Esq. In salt marshes near Hilton, D. — Rev. J. Symons. In a salt-water ditch called Meggy's Bourn, north of Seaton Sluice, N. In the Tweed and the lough at Holy Island, N Dr. G. Johnston.

64. RUPPIA

1. R. maritima (Sea Ruppia, Tassel Pond-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 237; Eng. Bot. 136; Hook. Lond. t. 50; Fl. Scot. 59; Gr. Fl. Eds. 42; With. ii. 297; In Meggy's Bourn, north of Seaton Sluice, N. Near Tees Mouth, D Mr. E. Robson.

65. SAGINA

1. S. procumbens (Procumbent Pearl-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 238; Eng. Bot. 880; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 12; Hook. Fl. Scot. 59; Berwick Flora, 42; On walls and waste places, common. On the Fern Islands, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. S. maritima (Sea Pearl-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 239; Eng. Bot. 2195; Lond. t. 115; Gr. Fl. Eds. 42; Berwick Flora, 42; On Hartlepool Pier, D. On Seaton Moor, D. — Mr. Janson. Between Holy Island Castle and the Heugh, N. On the Fern Islands. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. apetala (Annual Small-flowered Pearl-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 240; Eng. Bot. 881; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 14; Hook. Fl. Scot. 60; Berwick Flora, 43; Near Sunderland, D. At Blackwell, D Mr. Backhouse. On the heights between Belford and Bamborough. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the walls at Fisher's Fort, Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

66. MOENCHIA

1. M. erecta (Upright Moenchia)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 241; M. glauca Hook. Fl. Scot; Sagina erecta Eng. Bot. 609; Curt. Fasc. ii. 12; With, ii. 299; In gravel pits on Durham Moor. — Rev. J. Symons. On Limestone hills, near Sunderland, D. — W. Weighell.

67. RADIOLA

1. R. millegrana (Thyme-leaved Flax-seed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 24 - 3; Eng. Bot. 893; Berwick Flora, 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. 60; Linum Radiola With. ii. 435; Linn. Sp. Pl. 402; On Newcastle Town Moor, by the road leading to Benton, N. — Rev. Jas. Birkett, Sp. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA

68. MYOSOTIS

1. M. palustris (Great Water Scorpion-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 249; Hook. Fl. Scot. 67; Berwick Flora, 51; Eng. Bot. 1973; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. 13; In rivulets, mill-pools, ditches, &c.

2. M. caespitosa (Tufted Water Scorpion-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 250; Berwick Flora, 51; Eng. Bot. t. 2661; Hook. Br. Fl. 83; In dry ditches, and by ponds near Wallington, N. — W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the lane below Unthank Colliery, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. M. sylvatica (Upright Wood Scorpion-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 251; Hook. Fl. Scot. 66; Dill. Ray's Syn. 229, t. ix. f. 3 (good); Berwick Flora, 52; In Castle Eden Dene, and near Middleton in Teesdale, D. Near Whitfield, also in Scotswood Dene and Twizell Castle woods N. In Wallington woods, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Horncliff Dene, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

4. M. arvensis (Field Scorpion-grass)

Eng. Bot. 2629; Hook. Br. Fl. 85; Fl. Scot. 67; M. scorpioides α arvensis Sm. Fl. Brit. i. 212; M. collina Hook. Br. Fl. 85; M. arvensis Eng. Bot. 2558; Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 252; α On hedge banks, and in woods, frequent. β on walls and basaltic rocks, frequent.

5. M. versicolor (Yellow and blue Scorpion-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 253; Eng. Bot. 2558 and 480, f. i; Hook. Fl. Scot. 67; Berwick Flora, 52; On walls, and in fields near Newcastle, but not common. On Cloudy crags near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

69. LITHOSPERMUM

1. L. officinale (Common Gromwell, Grey Mill, Grey Miller)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 254; Eng. Bot. 134; Hook. Fl. Scot. 68; With. ii. 308; In Castle Eden and Hawthorn Dene, and Hilton woods, on the Magnesian Limestone, D.

2. L. arvense (Corn Gromwell, Bastard Alkanet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 255; Eng. Bot. 123; Hook. Fl. Scot. 68; In corn fields, frequent. Linnaeus remarks, that the girls of the north of Europe paint their faces with the juice of the root, upon days of festivity.

3. L. maritimum (Sea Gromwell)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 256; Hook. Fl. Scot. 68; Gr. Fl. Eds. 44; Pulmonaria maritima Eng. Bot. 368; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 18; At Scremmerston Mill, between the Salt Pans and Berwick. — Lawson. Dill, Ray's Syn. 228. This elegant plant has not been observed on the coast of Northumberland for many years past. On the shores of Cumberland and Wales, it is by no means rare, and I have specimens from Fifeshire.

70. ANCHUSA

1. A. officinalis (Common Alkanet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 258; Eng. Bot. 662; With. ii. 310; Naturalized on the links near Hartley Pans, N. Brought here in ballast from the Continent.

2. A. sempervirens (Evergreen Alkanet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 258; Eng. Bot. 45; With. ii. 310; Berwick Flora, 53; Fl. Scot. 68; Naturalized near Berwick, in a hedge behind Ramsay's barn — Dr.Thompson. Near the Grieve's House. — Dr. G. Johnston.

71. CYNOGLOSSUM

1. C. officinale (Common Hound's-tongue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 260; Eng. Bot. 921; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 16; Hook. Fl. Scot. 69; Berwick Flora, 53; By road sides and on rubbish, particularly near the coast, but by no means common, N. and D. On the links at Scremmerston and Holy Island, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

71. PULMONARIA

1. P. officinalis (Common Lung-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. 261; Eng. Bot. 118; With. ii. 312; Gr. Pl. Eds. 46; In Cliff Wood, six miles west of Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. Near the gate of the Slocking, in the neighbourhood of Alnwick, N. — Miss Pringle, Sp. In a wood near Howick. — Rev. J. Dodd. Probably naturalized in all these habitats.

72. SYMPHYTUM

1. S. officinale (Common Comfrey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 263; Eng. Bot. 817; Curt. Fasc. iv. 18; Hook. Fl. Scot. 69; β S. patensSib. Fl. Ox. 70;With. ii. 315; On the banks of Pont near Ponteland, in lanes at Benwell; and in Wall's End Dene, N. By hedges between South Shields and Jarrow, D. At Polam, near Darlington, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse. β On the banks of Pont, near Ponteland, N.

2. S. tuberosum (Tuberous-rooted Comfrey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 263; Eng. Bot. 1502; Lightfoot, 1091; Gr. Fl. Eds. 46; With. ii. 315; Hook. Brit. Fl. 81; Durham. — Mr. E. Robson, in Hooker's Flora. By the side of the Whiteadder, half-way between its mouth and the bridge within Berwick bounds.— Dr. G. Johnston.

73. BORAGO

1. B. officinalis (Common Borage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 264; Eng. Bot. 36; With. ii. 315; Hook. Fl. Scot. 70; Berwick Flora, 53; Naturalized on the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. On the links between Hartlepool and the second wind-mill, D.— John Hogg, Esq. In fields at Hallidon, N.— Mr. A. Baird.

74. ASPERUGO

1. A. procumbens (German Mad-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 265; Eng. Bot. 661; Hook. Fl. Scot. 70; Gr. Fl. Eds. 46; Berwick Flora, 54; With. ii. 316; In the Holy Island, N.— Dill. Ray's Syn. 228. On Bamborough Castle, and on rubbish by the road side below it, N. — Miss Nevison and Miss Forster, Sp.

75. LYCOPSIS

1. L. arvensis (Small Bugloss)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 267; Eng. Bot. 938; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 7; Hook. Fl. Scot. 70; In corn-fields and the links of the sea coast.

76. ECHIUM

1. E. vulgare (Common Blue Viper's Bugloss)

Sm. Eng. Fl i. 268; Eng. Bot. 181; Hook. Fl. Scot. 70; Berwick Flora, 54; In fields, on waste ground, and on the links on the sea coast, not very frequent. I have gathered an elegant variety with white flowers, (not noticed by SMITH or WITHERING), on the western extremity of Box Hill, Surrey.

2. E. italicum (White Viper's Bugloss)

Sm. Fl. Brit. i. 221; Eng. Bot. 2081; With. ii. 371; On Sunderland ballast hills, D.: at one time far from rare, but imported from the Continent, I make no doubt.

77. PRIMULA

1. P. vulgaris (Primrose)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 270; Eng. Bot. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 71; P. acaulis Curt. Fasc. vi. 16; Berwick Flora, 54; P. elatior Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 270; Eng. Bot. 513; With. ii. 319; Hook. Fl. Scot. 71; P. veris Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 271; Eng. Bot. 5; Hook. Fl. Scot. 71; Berwick Flora, 55; α. In groves and thickets, and on the banks of hedges. Var. I; flowers of a brownish or dusky red. In Felton woods, on the banks of the Coquet, N. In Swansfield plantations near Alnwick, N. — Bliss Pringle. Near Harperley, D. — John Hogg, Esq. β on the banks of Team near Urpeth, in meadows near Chester-le-Street and Lambton, and in Dalton Dene, D. At Snipperley. — Rev. J. Symons. Near Norton and Stockton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. In Hulne woods, near Alnwick, N. Mr. J. Davison. Var. I; flowers tinged with red. In meadows near Castle Eden Dene, D. γ in meadows and pastures. Var. I; With. ii. 390;Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 271; . The outside of the corolla scarlet. Near Brunton Mill, N. However singular it may appear, yet the experiments of the Hon. and Rev. W. HERBERT, detailed in the 4th vol. of the Horticultural Transactions at p. 19, clearly prove the suspicions of Linnaeus, that the Primrose, Ox-lip, Cowslip, and Polyanthus, were only varieties of the same species, to be well grounded. On this subject, so interesting in a Botanic point of view, Professor HENSLOW'S paper, published in Loudon's Magazine for September, 1830, throws additional light.

2. P. farinosa (Bird's-eye Primrose)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 272; Eng. Bot. 6; Hook. Lond. t. 133; With. ii. 320; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 9; In bogs and wet pastures near Easington, Painsher, Hilton Castle, Castle Eden, East Murton, and Dalton-le-Dale; also near Eglestone, and in Teesdale Forest, D. Near Ovingham, N. Near Durham, Norton, to the west of Stainton, and in Close wood, near Embleton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. This pretty Primula follows the Wear and Tees from the sea-coast to the Sub-Alpine mountains, in which these rivers have their sources.

78. MENYANTHES

1. M. trifoliata (Buckbean Marsh-Trefoil)

79. VILLARSIA

1. V. nymphoeoides (Fringed Water-Lilly)

Vent. Lindley Br. Syn. 180; Hook. Br. Fl. 92; Menyanthes nymphoeides Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 275; Eng. Bot. 217; This elegant plant, a native of the Thames, near Hampton Court, Walton, and Windsor, has become naturalized in the ponds at Wallington, N.

80. HOTTONIA

1. H. palustris (Feather-foil Water Violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 276; Eng. Bot. 364; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 11; With. ii. 322; At Mainsforth Carr near Rushyford, in a pool below East Boldon, and near Cocken, D. In ditches near Darlington. — Rev. J. Harriman. Also near Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. This plant does not appear in Hooker's Flora Scotica, nor has it been met with north of the Tyne.

81. LYSIMACHIA

1. L. vulgaris (Yellow Loosestrife)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 277; Eng. Bot. 761; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 19; Hook. Fl. Scot. 72; Robson's Fl. 73; Berwick Flora, 56; With. ii. 323; By the side of a pond at the south-west end of Widehaugh near Dilston, by the road to Hexham, and on the banks of North Tyne at Low Park-end near Nunwick, N. — Wallis i. 157;. I have not been able to find it in these localities. At Sow-mire near Swinton, Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. By the Drop-well on the banks of Skerne near Darlington, where it was noticed by S. Robson. — Rev. John Harriman, from whom I have specimens.

2. L. punctata (Four-leaved Loose-strife)

Hook. Brit. Fl. 88; Jacq. Aust. iv. 366; "I have gathered this plant twenty-five years ago on the banks of the Skerne, in abundance; the plant grew both above and below the Railway-bridge. A botanist from Richmond of the name of WARD gathered it three or four years since in the same situation." — Mr. Backhouse, MSS.

3. L. nemorum (Wood Loosestrife, Yellow Pimpernel)

4. L. Nummularia (Creeping Loosestrife, Money-wort, Herb Twopence)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 279; Eng. Bot. 528; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 14; Hook. Fl. Scot. 72; With. ii. 325; On Hebburn ballast hills, D. St. Anthon's ballast hills, N.

82. ANAGALLIS

1. A. arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 280; Eng. Bot. 529; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 12; Hook. Fl. Scot. 72; Berwick Flora, 56; A. coerulea (Blue Pimpernel.) Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 280; Eng. Bot. 1823; Hook. Fl. Scot. 72; A. arvensis Sm. Fl. Brit. 230; With. ii. 325 var. 2d. α. In fallow fields, but not very frequent in the north. β on Hebburn and Sunderland ballast hills, D. Near Mitford on the Wansbeck, N.— Capt. Mitford. In the corn fields about Alnwick, sparingly. — Wallis, i. 207;. Two miles west of Norton among tares and beans, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. In a communication to Loudon's Magazine, for November, 1830, p. 537, Professor HENSLOW observes, "that he received last year from the Rev. E. WILSON some specimens and seeds of Anagallis coerulea gathered in Yorkshire; from these seeds he raised a dozen plants, nine of which had blue flowers, and three red." This experiment proves Anagallis arvensis and Anagallis coerulea to be merely varieties of the same species.

2. A. tenella (Bog Pimpernel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 281; Eng. Bot. 530; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 15; Hook. Fl. Scot. 73; With. ii. 326; Berwick Flora, 57; Gr. Fl. Eds. 49; In bogs near Urpeth, and at Kyo Heugh, also in Ryhope Dene, D. On wet ground by the Tees near Eglestone. — Rev. J. Harriman. Between Darlington and Haughton, and by the Link House near Hartlepool, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the north side of the streamlet by Acomb smelting mill near Hexham. — Wallis, i. 206;. Point near Bamborough. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Near Crow Hall opposite Ridley Hall. — Mr. J. Thompson. On Alnwick Moor, N. — Miss Pringle.

83. CONVOLVULUS

1. C. arvensis (Small Bind-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 284; Eng. Bot. 312; Curt. Fasc. ii. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 73; Berwick Flora, 57; In fields near the sea coast of Northumberland and Durham. not very common in the north of England.

2. C. sepium (Great Bindweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 284; Eng. Bot. 313; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 74; Berwick Flora, 57; Calystegia sepium Lindley Syn. 167; In moist woods and hedges, but by no means common. In hedges behind St. Anthon's ballast hills, N.

3. C. Soldanella (Sea Bind-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 285; Eng. Bot. 314; Hook. Fl. Scot. 74; With. ii. 828; Calystegia Soldanella Lindley Syn. 167; On the links near South Shields below the Bent House, D. July 11, 1828. First noticed there by Mr. A. Hancock.

84. CAMPANULA

1. C. rotundifolia (Round-leaved Bell-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 287; Eng. Bot. 866; Curt. Fasc. iv. 21; Hook. Fl. Scot. 74; α On the borders of fields, heaths, &c. frequent. α flore albo in Heaton Dene, N.

2. C. Rapunculus (Rampion Bell-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 289; Eng. Bot. 283; Hook. Lond. t. 80; With. ii. 330; In a grassy field of the Glebe at Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. Probably the outcast of some garden, the root having long been used as a table vegetable.

3. C. latifolia (Giant Bell-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 290; Eng. Bot. 302; Hook. Fl. Scot. 75; With. ii. 331; In moist woods and hedges, not rare.

4. C. glomerata (Clustered Bell-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 292; Eng. Bot. 90; Hook. Fl. Scot. 75; Gr. Fl. Eds. 51; On the banks of Tyne near Wylam, near St. Oswald's and Chollerford, N. In a field by the lime-kilns at Wall near Chollerford-bridge, in woody banks near Netherwarden, near Hexham, and by the banks of Tyne, in the meadow near Bywell, also Crag-close near Barwesford, N. — Wallis, i. 162;. In Hulne woods near Alnwick. — Miss Pringle. All these localities are in the Encrinal Limestone district. In woods at Cocken, near Chester-le-Street, D. On Barbara Biggs, near Barnardcastle, and near Gainforth, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In meadows near Croft, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

5. C. hybrida (Corn Bell-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 293; Eng. Bot. 375; With. ii. 334; In corn fields near Norton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. In corn fields on Tunstal-hills, and on Sunderland ballast-hills, D. Not met with in Scotland. Tunstal-hills and Norton, are in the Magnesian Limestone district.

85. JASIONE

1. J. montana (Sheep's-bit, Sheep's Scabious)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 296; Eng. Bot. 882; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 76; On the banks of hedges near Gilsland, Hexham and Haltwhistle, N. Near Hamsterley and Witton-le-Wear, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

86. VIOLA

1. V. hirta (Hairy Violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 301; Eng. Bot. 894; Hook. Fl. Scot. 76; Gr. Fl. Eds. 51; With. ii. 353; Berwick Flora, 58; On banks near Bywell, Ovingham, and Wylam, N. Near Jarrow, Whitburn, and in Castle Eden Dene, D. New Mill banks, near Berwick, — Dr. Thompson. On Ratcheugh Crags, near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

2. V. odorata (Sweet Violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 301; Eng. Bot. 619; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 63; Hook. Fl. Scot. 77; Gr. Fl. Eds. 51; With. ii. 354; Near Prudhoe Castle, Ovingham, and Hexham, N. Near Finchall Abbey, Chester-le-Street, Hetton-le-Hole, and Dalton-le-Dale, D. Near Hilton Castle, and at Bede's Well, near Jarrow. — Mr. J. Thornhill, jun.

3. V. palustris (Marsh Violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 302; Eng. Bot. 444; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 77; With. ii. 355; Gr. Fl. Eds. 52; Berwick Flora, 58; In boggy ground, in East Common Wood, near Hexham, and at Prestwick Carr, N. On Teesdale Forest, in Ravensworth woods, near Urpeth, Beamish, and Witton-le-Wear, D. Near Murton Craggs, and below Shoreswood Hall. — Dr. Thompson.

4. V. canina (Dog's Violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 303; Eng. Bot. 620; Curt. Fasc. ii. 61; Hook. Fl. Scot. 77; In groves, by hedges, and on heathy ground, common.

5. V. tricolor (Pansy Violet Heart's-ease)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 305; Eng. Bot. 1287; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 65; Hook. Fl. Scot. 77; Berwick Flora, 58; V. arvensis Sibthorp 84; Symon's Syn. 61; α. In corn fields, and by road sides; β more frequent than α in similar situations.

6. V. lutea (Yellow Mountain Pansy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 306; Eng. Bot. 721; Hook. Fl. Scot. 77; With. ii. 357; Gr. Fl. Eds. 52; Berwick Flora, 59; V. grandiflora Hudson, 380; Lightfoot, 508; On mountainous pastures in Weardale, and in Teesdale Forest, D. At Housesteads, near the Roman Wall, and on the banks of Beldon Bourn, near Blanchland, N.

87. VERBASCUM

1. V. Thapsus (Great Mullein, High Taper)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 307; Eng. Bot. 549; Woodv. t. 125; Hook. Fl. Scot. 78; Grev. Fl. Eds. 53; Berwick Flora, 59; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Jesmond, and in the bed of Till, near Wooler, N. Near Pierce bridge. — Mr. Backhouse. By road sides near East Harrington. — Rev. J. Symons. Near Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq. At Castle Eden, D. Frequently the out-cast of cottage gardens.

2. V. nigrum (Dark, or Black Mullein)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 311; Eng. Bot. 59; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 103; Hook. Fl. Scot. 73; Gr. Fl. Eds. 53; With. ii. 342; Berwick Flora, 59; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. — Naturalized on waste ground at Ord, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

88. DATURA

1. D. Stramonium (Thorn-apple)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 314; Eng. Bot. 1288; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 17; Woodv. t. 124; With.ii. 344; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. Durham and Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. A naturalized exotic, and not mentioned in the Flora Scotica by Hooker.

89. HYOSCYAMUS

1. H. niger (Common Henbane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 315; Eng. Bot. 591; Woodv. t. 52; Hook. Fl. Scot. 78; Berwick Flora, 60; Gr. Fl. Eds. 53; On sandy waste ground, particularly near the sea coast. Hyoscyamus albus is admitted by Withering into his Arrangement, in consequence of specimens having been gathered on the Sunderland Ballast-hills, by Mr. E. Robson; upon similar ground Hyoscyamus aureus and fifty other exotics, might have been inserted in this catalogue.

90. ATROPA

1. A. Belladonna (Dwale, or Deadly Nightshade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 316; Eng. Bot. 592; Woodv. t. 1; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 16; Hook. Fl. Scot. 78; Gr. Fl. Eds. 53; With. ii. 346; Berwick Flora, 60; By the Waggon-way side, between Walbottle and Newburn, and on the banks of Wooler Water, N. On the banks of Wear, near Durham Abbey, below Mr. Fox's garden, where it was observed by Mr. S. Robson. See Fl. p. 75. Near Pierce-bridge. — Mr. E. Robson; and near the Old Mill, in the parish of Conniscliff, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

91. SOLANUM

1. S. Dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bitter-sweet)

2. S. nigrum (Common or Garden Nightshade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 318; Eng. Bot. 566; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 14; Woodv. t. 226; Hook. Fl. Scot. 79; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Chester-le-Street, D. Between Shincliffe and Durham.— J. Hogg, Esq.Rare in the north of England.

92. ERYTHRAEA

1. E. Centaurium (Common Centaury)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 320; Hook. Fl. Scot. 79; Gr. Fl. Eds. 54; Berwick Flora, 61; Chironia Centaurium Woodv. t. 157; E. latifolia Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 321; Hook. Br. Fl. 93; α On barren pastures, heaths, and the sea coast. β on the Links between Marsdon Hall and South Shields, D. Near Cullercoats, N.

2. E. littoralis (Dwarf-tufted Centaury)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 320; Hook. Fl. Scot. 80; Berwick Flora, 61; Gr. Fl. Eds. 54; Chironia littoralis Turner and Dillwyn's Guide, 469; Northumberland and Durham Guide, vol. i. No. 223, and v. ii. preface, iii; With. ii. 350; Centaurea maritima florum laciniis obtusis.— Linnaei Spolia Botanica, t. 3. f. 3. MSS., 1729; On the Links south of Bamborough Castle, and on Holy Island, N.— July the 19th and 20th, 1804. On the Links at Holy Island I have noticed thousands of the Dwarf Centaury, without finding one plant approximating in the shape of its leaves to the Common Centaury, even whose variety β, the Broad leaved Centaury of Smith, still retains its elliptical leaves on our sea beach; those of Erythraea littoralis on the other hand, are with us invariably linear, but obtuse. Still cultivation alone can determine whether it should rank as a species. The rough sketch above quoted, drawn by the pen of Linnaeus, is very characteristic.

93. SAMOLUS

1. S. Valerandi (Brookweed, Water Pimpernel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 323; Eng. Bot. 703; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 20; Hook. Fl. Scot. 80; Gr. Fl. Eds. 55; Br. Prod. 428; Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 927; With. ii. 337; Berwick Flora, 62; In bogs at Willington Quay, and Prestwick Carr, on the coast at Holy Island, near the Snook, and on the beach at Bamborough, N. In the marsh below Southwick, and on the coast between Sunderland and Ryhope, also near Hartlepool, and Castle Eden, D. About Darlington. — S. Robson. See Flora, p. 72. Near Norton, and on the sea banks near Blackwell Halls, D.- J. Hogg, Esq. A very widely disseminated plant, appearing to be indigenous in the four quarters of the globe, and found even in Australia.

94. LONICERA

1. L. Periclymenum (Common Honeysuckle, or Woodbine)

2. L. Xylosteum (Upright Honeysuckle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 326; Eng. Bot. 916; With. ii. 338; Hook. Br. Fl. 103; Naturalized in hedges by the turnpike road, south of Alnwick, also in the wood called the Stocking, N. On the rocks under the Roman wall, on the west side of Shewing Shields, and by Crag Lake. — Wallis, North, i. 149;. Stunted plants of the common Woodbine, grow in these two localities.

95. RHAMNUS

1. R. catharticus (Buckthorn)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 327; Eng. Bot. 1629; Hook. Fl. Scot. 80; Woodv. t. 114; With. ii. 351; In Ryhope dene, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

96. EUONYMUS

1. E. europaeus (Spindle-tree, Prickwood)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 329; Eng. Bot. 362; Hook. Fl. Scot. 81; Grev. Fl. Eds. 55; With. ii. 353; Berwick Flora, 63; In Heaton and Scotswood denes, and in Tecket wood, N. In Ashwood, near Belford — Thompson's Berwick Plants. At Capon Cleugh, near Allerwash, also in the Brush wood, on the banks of south Tyne, N. — Wallis, i. 141;. In the Darlington-lane, one mile from Norton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. In Ryhope and Castle Eden denes, D. In Shipley wood, near Eglestone.— Rev. J. Harriman.

97. RIBES

1. R. rubrum (Common Currants)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 330; Eng. Bot. 1289; Woodv. t. 74; Hook. Fl. Scot. 81; With. ii. 359; In woods, and on the banks of rivulets, N. and D. In Teesdale, near Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In Hulne woods, near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

2. R. petraeum (Rock Currants)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 331; Eng. Bot. 705; Hook. Fl. Scot. 81; In Ravensworth woods, and hedges near Harperly, also near Conniscliffe, and Eglestone, and in Teesdale Forest, D. Near Pierce bridge.— Mr. Backhouse. In Scotswood dene, N. In Heaton Dene, N.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

3. R. spicatum (Acid Mountain Currants)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 331; Eng. Bot, 1290; Linn. Tr. iii. 240, t. 21; With ii. 360; Between Pierce bridge and Gainford, D. — Mr. E. Robson. At present extinct, E. R. MSS. From its mode of flowering the spikes being upright; this Currant appears very different from the preceding species, but whether specifically distinct, I will not pretend to say. It is still in cultvation in curious gardens at Darlington, and with Mr. J. Backhouse, at York.

4. R. alpinum (Tasteless Mountain Currants)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 332; Eng. Bot. 704; Hook. Fl. Scot. 81; With. ii. 359; In Felton wood, N. In hedges near Murton House, near Chester-le-Street, D. In woods near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. And in Cliff wood, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the west bank of the wood called the Stocking, near Alnwick. — Mr. F. Manisty. Also in Hulne woods, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

5. R. nigrum (Black Currants)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 332; Eng. Bot. 1291; Woodv. t. 75; Hook. Fl. Scot. 32; With. ii. 360; On the banks of Pont, near Prestwick Carr, N. In Ravensworth, and most other woods near Newcastle. On the banks of Skerne, near DarlingtonD. — Mr. E. Robson.

6. R. Grossularia (Rough Gooseberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 333; Eng. Bot. 1292; Berwick Flora, 63; Hook. Fl. Scot. 32; With. ii. 361 2d variety; R. Uva-crispa Eng. Bot. 2057; α. In woods and hedges. β near Lamesley, D.

98. HEDERA

1. H. Helix (Common Ivy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 334; Eng. Bot. 1267; Curt. Fasc. i. 1. 16; Hook. Fl. Scot. 82; On old buildings, and in woods and hedges.

99. GLAUX

1. G. maritima (Black Salt-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 336; Eng. Bot. 13; Hook. Fl. Scot. 82; Gr. Fl. Eds. 56; With. ii. 63; Berwick Flora, 64; In salt marshes on Tyne, Tweed, Blyth, Wear, Tees, &c.

98. VINCA

1. V. minor (Lesser Periwinkle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 338; Eng. Bot. 917; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 16; Hook. Fl. Scot. 82; Gr. Fl. Eds. 57; With. ii. 365; At Blackwell. — Mr. Backhouse. In Hylton-lane, D. — Rev. J. Symons. Naturalized in Wallington woods, and in Swansfield plantations, near Alnwick, N.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA

100. CHENOPODIUM

1. C. Bonus-Henricus (Perennial Goosefoot, Mercury Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 9; Eng. Bot. 1. 1033; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 17; Hook. Fl. Scot. 83; Berwick Flora, 63; On rubbish, and by way sides.

2. C. urbicum (Upright Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 10; Eng. Bot. 717; Gr. Fl. Eds. 58; With. ii. 367; On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. — Near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Field Houses, D. — Rev. J. Symons.

3. C. rubrum (Red Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 11; Eng. Bot. 1721; Berwick Flora. 63; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 21; Gr. Fl. Eds. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 34; By road sides near Chirton, N. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Berwick, frequent. and on the Fern Islands. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

4. C. botryodes (Many spiked Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 11; Eng. Bot. 2247; Hook. Br. Fl. 138; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D W. Weighell's Herb.

5. C. murale (Nettle-leaved Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 11; Eng. Bot. 1722; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 20; Hook. Fl. Scot. 34; With. ii. 370; Berwick Flora, 65; On rubbish, and by road sides near Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, and Hartlepool, D. Near the Castle on Holy Island, N.

6. C. hybridum (Maple-leaved Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 12; Eng. Bot. 1919; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 23; Hook. Fl. Scot. 34; Gr. Fl. Eds. 58; With. ii. 369; On St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. On the Sunderland ballast-hills, D.

7. C. album (White Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 13; Eng. Bot. 1723; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 15; Hook. Fl. Scot. 84; C. viride Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 319; On waste and cultivated ground, common.

8. C. ficifolium (Fig-leaved Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 13; Eng. Bot. 1724; C. viride Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 16; C. serotinum Hudson, 106; On St. Anthon's, and Sunderland ballast-hills, also by road sides, and on dunghills, N. and D.

9. C. glaucum (Oak-leaved Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 14; With. ii. 370; By road sides near Ponteland, at Chirton, and on St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

10. C. olidum (Stinking Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 14; Eng. Bot, 1034; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 20; Hook. Fl. Scot. 83; With ii. 370; C. Vulvaria Hudson, 107; Woodv. t. 145; On rubbish at Friar's Goose, near Gateshead, and by road sides near Westoe, D.

11. C. acutifolium (Sharp Entire-leaved Goosefoot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 15; Eng. Bot. 1481; C. polyspermum Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 17; Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 25; With. ii. 371; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

12. C. maritimum (Sea Goosefoot, Sea Blite)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 16; Eng. Bot. 633; Gr. Fl. Eds. 59; With. ii. 371; Berwick Flora, 65; On the coast, and in the salt marshes of Tyne, Wear, Tees, &c. N. and D. On Holy Island, and the coast near BealDr. G. Johnston.

13. C. fruticosum (Shrubby Sea-side Goosefoot)

Hook. Br. Fl. 136; Salsola fruticosa Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 18; Eng. Bot. 634; With. ii. 377; On Willington ballast-hills, N.

101. BETA

1. B. maritima (Sea Beet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 17; Eng. Bot. 285; Hook. Fl. Scot. 84; Gr. Fl. Eds. 59; On the Sea coast near Hartley Pans and Newbiggin, N. On the shore near Ryhope and Sunderland, D.

102. SALSOLA

1. S. Kali (Prickly Salt-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 18; Eng. Bot. 634; Woodv. t. 143; Hook. Fl. Scot. 85; Berwick Flora, 66; On the sandy sea beach, common.

103. ULMUS

1. U. campestris (Common Small-leaved Elm)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 20; Eng. Bot. 1836; In plantations, but not a native of the north of England.

2. U. subcrosa (Common Cork-barked Elm)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 21; Eng. Bot. 2161; U. campestris Woodv. t. 197; In woods and hedges, probably indigenous.

3. U. major (Dutch Cork-barked Elm)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 21; Eng. Bot. 2542; In plantations and hedge rows, but not indigenous. Possibly a cultivated variety of U. suberosa.

4. U. montana (Broad-leaved Elm, Wych Hasel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 22; Eng. Bot. 1887; Hook. Fl. Scot. 85; Gr. Fl. Eds. 60; Berwick Flora, 66; In woods and hedges, truly indigenous.

5. U. glabra (Smooth-leaved, or Wych Elm)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 23; Eng. Bot. 2248; U. montana Sm. Fl. Brit. 282; Near the edges of the moors, N. and D. Probably a variety of the preceding species. I doubt whether our plant be Ulmus glabra, of Lindley. — Syn. 226

104. CUSCUTA

1. C. Epithymum (Lesser Dodder)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 25; Eng. Bot., at p. 378; Hook. Fl. Scot. 86; With. ii. 269; C. europaea Eng. Bot. t. 55; Plentiful in 1822, in two clover fields, half a mile west of Stanton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. In 1805 and 1814, this proved a destructive weed among the Heaths in Mr. Falla's green-houses, near Gateshead.

105. GENTIANA

1. G. verna (Spring Gentian)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 29; Eng. Bot. 493; With. ii. 381; In Teesdale Forest, particularly near Wheysyke House, and between it and Widdy-bank, upon the slope that borders the Tees, D. First pointed out to me in 1799, by the Rev. J. Harriman. It also grows in Birkdale, Westmorland, and on Cronkley-fell, Yorkshire, in the same range of mountains.

2. G. Amarella (Autumnal Gentian)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 30; Eng. Bot. 236; Hook. Lond. t. 33; Fl. Scot. 86; Gr. Fl. Eds. 60; With. ii. 382; Berwick Flora, 66; On limestone pastures, from Sunderland to Castle Eden, and on the Lizard-hills, near Ryhope, in fields near Greencroft, Butsfield, and in Teesdale Forest, D. To the west of Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. In Crag Close, near Barwesford. — Wallis, 217;. On the Links below Scremmerston. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On Holy Island, near Bamborough, Beadnal, Twizell, Hexham, Chollerford, and Hartley, N. β Var. flore albo. In Crag Close, near Barwesford.— Wallis,218;.

3. G. campestris (Field Gentian)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 31; Eng. Bot. 237; Hook. Fl. Scot. 86; Gr. Fl. Eds. 60; With. ii. 383; Berwick Flora, 66; Near Hexham, and on the west side of Shewing Shields, on the Wallington moors and Cheviot, also on the coast at Newbiggin, N. On the banks beyond Spital, on the links at Goswick, and below Budle. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In Crag Close, near Barwesford, N.— Wallis, 218;. In barren pastures at Butsfield, and in Teesdale, D. Near Teesmouth, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. β Var. flore albo. Near Winch-bridge, Teesdale, D.

106. ERYNGIUM

1. E. maritimum (Sea Eryngo, Sea Holly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 35; Eng. Bot. 718; Woodv. t. 102; With. ii. 384; Gr. Fl. Eds. 61; On the beach near South Shields Law, and at Castle Eden, D. At Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

2. E. campestre (Field Eryngo)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 35; Eng. Bot. 57; With. ii. 385; Between the Glass-houses and Dent's-hole, and on St. Peter's Quay, below Newcastle, N.— Wilson's Syn. 75. Observed by Mr. Lawson, on the shore called Friar's Goose, below Gateshead, D. — Dill. Ray's Syn. 222. On the north end of Jarrow ballast-hills, abundant. and on Sunderland ballast hills, D. The plant still grows in all these localities, but I make no doubt was originally imported from the continent with ballast.

107. SANICULA

1. S. europaea (Wood Sanicle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 36; Eng. Bot. 98; Gr. Fl. Eds. 61; Berwick Flora, 66; In woods, frequent.

108. DAUCUS

1. D. Carota (Wild Carrot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 39; Eng. Bot. 1174; Woodv. t. 161; Gr. Fl. Eds. 71; Berwick Flora, 67; In pastures, and on the borders of fields; near the Sea coast, abundant.

109. CAUCALIS

1. C. daucoides (Small Bur-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 41; Eng. Bot. 197; With. ii. 389; In fields, on Fulwell hills near Sunderland, D., its most northern locality. In corn fields near Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

110. TORILIS

1. T. Anthriscus (Upright Hedge-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 43; Caucalis Anthriscus Eng. Bot. 987; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 22; Hook. Fl. Scot. 87; In hedges and on the borders of fields, everywhere.

2. T. nodosa (Knotted Hedge-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 44; Berwick Flora, 67; Caucalis nodosa Eng. Bot. 199; Hook. Fl. Scot. 88; At Holy Island, on the Heugh and Castle Rock, N. On rubble, east of Holy Island Castle. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In corn fields near Whitburn, Castle Eden, Darlington, and Hartlepool, D. Between Billingham and Portrack, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

111. ANTHRISCUS

1. A. vulgaris (Common Beaked-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 45; Hook. Fl. Scot. 93; Scandix Anthriscus Eng. Bot. 818; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 19; On hedge banks and waste ground, common.

112. SCANDIX

1. S. Pecten-Veneris (Needle Chervil, Venus's Comb, Shepherd's Needle)

113. CHAEROPHYLLUM

1. C. sativum (Garden Chervil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 48; Hook. Fl. Scot. 93; Scandix Cerefolium Eng. Bot. 1268; With. ii. 415; Anthriscus Cerefolium Hook. Br. Fl. 131; Naturalized not far from the Red Heugh, near Gateshead, D. Near Hexham, N.

2. C. sylvestre (Wild Chervil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 48; Eng. Bot. t. 752; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 25; Hook. Fl. Scot. 931; Anthriscus sylvestris Hook. Br. Fl. 131; On the banks of hedges, and in fields and pastures, common.

114. MYRRHIS

1. M. odorata (Sweet Cicely)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 50; Scandix odorata Eng. Bot. 697; Lightfoot, 166; With. ii. 413; In Dalton Dene, in Cawsey, Beamish, Urpeth, and every other wood on the Team; on the banks of Browney, near Coldpig-hill, and ruins of Finchall Abbey, also in Weardale, frequent. D. In the vicinity of Darlington and Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In Tecket wood, N, In the woods at Wallington, and at Netherwitton, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. M. temulentum (Rough Cicely, Rough Cow-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 51; Chaerophyllum temulentum Eng. Bot. 1521; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 24; Hook. Fl. Scot. 93; In hedges, common.

115. BUNIUM

1. B. flexuosum (Common Earth-nut, Kipper, or Pig-nut)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 54; Eng. Bot. 988; Bunium Bulbocastanum Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 24; Hook. Fl. Scot. 88; Conopodium flexuosum Hook. Br. Fl. 126; In pastures, &c., frequent.

116. SIUM

1. S. latifolium (Broad-leaved Water-parsnep)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 56; Eng. Bot. 204; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 110; Hook. Fl. Scot. 90; With. ii. 403; Gr. Fl. Eds. 64; In a pond near the Friar's Goose, east of Gateshead, D.

2. S. angustifolium (Narrow-leaved Water-parsnep)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 56; Eng. Bot. 139; Gr. Fl. Eds. 65; With. ii. 404; Berwick Flora, 68; In the River Team, and a rivulet near Boldon. D. In Prestwick Carr, and the Ouse Burn, N. Near Carding mill, Wooler. — Dr. G.Johnston.

3. S. nodiflorum (Procumbent Water-parsnep)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 57; Eng. Bot. 639; Woodv. t. 182; Hook. Fl. Scot. 90; Berwick Flora, 69; In rivulets, springs, and ditches.

4. S. inundatum (Least Water-parsnep)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 58; Berwick Flora, 69; Sison inundatum Eng. Bot. 227; Hook. Fl. Scot. 91; In marshy places on Gateshead Fell, in ditches near West Boldon, Cleadon, and Harton-down-hill, D. At Cockerton. — Mr. J. Backhouse. Near Bear's Park, D. — Rev. J. Symons. In a spring near High Elswick, N. Below Calf-hill, near Berwick. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Near Hexham, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

117. SISON

1. S. Amomum (Hedge Honewort, Bastard Stone-parsley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 60; Eng. Bot. 954; With. ii. 405; On the Southwick and Sunderland ballast-hills, D. On a gravelly bank by the road on the S. E. side of the bridge at Barwesford, also in the lane between the Edge-house and Chollerton road, N. — Wallis, 184;.

118. CICUTA

1. C. virosa (Water Cowbane, Water-hemlock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 62; Eng. Bot. 479; Woodv. Sup. t.268; Hook. Fl. Scot. 92; With, ii. 410; Gr. Fl. Eds. 66; On the banks of North Tyne, at Low Park-end, near Nunwick, N. — Wallis, 178;. I have looked for it there in vain.

119. AETHUSA

1. A. Cynapium (Fool's-parsley, Lesser Hemlock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 64; Eng. Bot. 1192; Curt. Fasc i. t. 18; Hook. Fl. Scot. 92; Berwick Flora, 69; In gardens and fields, frequent.

120. CONIUM

1. C. maculatum (Common Hemlock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 65; Eng. Bot. 1191; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 17; Woodv. t. 22; Hook. Fl. Scot. 88; In hedges, and on rubbish, frequent.

121. CORIANDRUM

1. C. sativum (Common Coriander)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 67; Eng. Bot. 67; Woodv. 181; With. ii. 412; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Warley hill, D. A naturalized exotic.

122. OENANTHE

1. O. fistulosa (Common Water-dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 68; Eng. Bot. 303; With ii. 407; Gr. Fl. Eds. 62; In marshy places, on the banks of rivers and streams, but not very common.

2. O. pimpinelloides (Parsley Water-dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 69; Eng. Bot. 347; Hook. Fl. Scot. 91; With. ii. 408; Near Hartlepool, D. — Mr. Backhouse. By the Tees at Stockton, D. — G. T. Fox, Esq.

3. O. peucedanifolia (Sulphur-wort Water-dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 70; Eng. Bot. 348; With ii. 409; By the road side between Harrington and Barrmoor, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In marshes on the banks of Wear, between Hilton and Southwick, D.

4. O. crocata (Hemlock Water-dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 70; Eng. Bot. 2313; Gr. Fl. Eds. 62; Woodv. Sup. t. 267; With. ii. 407; Berwick Flora 70; On the banks of rivers, and in rivulets, not rare.

5. O. Phellandrium (Fine-leaved Water-dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 71; Phellandrium aquaticum Eng. Bot. 684; Woodv. Sup. t. 266; Hook. Fl. Scot. 92; With. ii. 409; In bogs at Prestwick Carr, N. In Ponds near Cocken and Durham. At Mordent Carrs, D. — Mr. Backhouse. In swamps near Bear's Park, D.— Rev. J. Symons.

123. CRITHMUM

1. C. maritimum (Sea Samphire)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 73; Eng. Bot. 819; With. ii. 393; Hook. Fl. Scot. 89; On the sea rocks near Alemouth, plentiful. — Wallis, 173;. I could not find it there, nor did I ever hear of its being gathered on our coast.

124. SMYRNIUM

1. S. Olusatrum (Alexanders)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 74; Eng. Bot. 230; Gr. Fl. Eds. 70; Berwick Flora, 70; On the banks near Tynemouth Castle, plentiful, where it was observed in the time of Wilson. — See Syn. 67. Behind the town walls, above the Close Gate, Newcastle, and on the ruins of Dunstanborough Castle, N. In Hurworth Church Yard, D.

126. APIUM

1. A. graveolens (Smallage, Wild Celery)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 76; Eng. Bot. 1210; Hook. Fl. Scot. 95; With. ii. 423; In salt marshes on the rivers Blyth, Tyne, Wear, and Tees, N. and D.

126. AEGOPODIUM

1. A. Podagraria (Gout-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 77; Eng. Bot. 940; Hook. Fl. Scot. 95; With. ii. 424; Berwick Flora, 70; On the banks of Wear, common. D. On the banks of Reed, near Otterburn, N. In Pella wood, near Durham. — Wilson's Syn. 66. Near Berwick, under hedges, frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston.

127. IMPERATORIA

1. I. Ostruthium (Masterwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 78; Eng. Bot. 1380; Woodv. t. 35; Lightfoot, 168; With ii. 417; Peucedanum Ostruthium Hook. Br. Fl. 119; At Newbiggen, near Middleton, and in Teesdale Forest. — Rev. J. Harriman. On the banks of Dadree Burn, between Dadree Shield and the Wear, D.— 26th June, 1803. At Cotterton, near Barnardcastle, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

128. ANGELICA

1. A. Archangelica (Garden Angelica)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 80; Eng. Bot. 2561; Woodv. t. 50; With. ii. 402; On the banks of the Skern, near High St. Helen's, and at Birch Carr, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

2. A. sylvestris (Wild Angelica)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 81; Eng. Bot. 1128; Woodv. Sup. t. 265; Hook. Fl. Scot. 90; By the banks of rivers, and in damp woods.

129. LIGUSTICUM

1. L. scoticum (Scottish Lovage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 82; Eng. Bot. 1207; With. ii. 400; Gr. Fl. Eds. 64; Berwick Flora, 70; Among the rocks on the north side of the ruins of Dunstanborough Castle, N.— July 18, 1804. Its most southern locality. On the beach, a quarter of a mile south of Bamborough Castle, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

130. MEUM

1. M. athamanticum (Spignel-meum, or Bald-money)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 84; Eng. Bot. 2249; Aethusa Meum With ii. 412; Ligusticum Meum Hook. Fl. Scot. 80; On a hill by the village of Thockrington, N. — Wallis, 176;. On a basaltic height, a quarter of a mile north from Thockrington. — Rev. J. Hodgson, Sp. 1819.

2. M. Foeniculum (Common Fennel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 85; Anethum Foeniculum Eng. Bot. 1208; Woodv. 160; With. ii. 419; Foeniculum vulgare Hook. Br. Fl. 122; Naturalized on the ballast-hills at St. Anthon's and Willington, N. On the ballast-hills at Ayre's quay, near Sunderland, D.

131. CARUM

1. C. Carvi (Common Caraway)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 86; Eng. Bot. 1503; Woodv. t. 45; Hook. Fl. Scot. 95; With. ii. 420; In corn fields, but not very common.

132. PIMPINELLA

1. P. saxifraga (Common Burnet-saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 89; Eng. Bot. 407; Hook. Fl. Scot. 95; With. ii. 421; Berwick Flora, 71; In barren pastures, frequent.

2. P. magna (Great Burnet-saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 90; Eng. Bot. 408; With. ii. 422; In Chester-lane, at High Barns, near Sunderland, D. Near Hartlepool, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Under the hedges at Fairflow and Long Rigge, near Nunwick, also on a bank on the north-east side of the bridge at Barwesford, near Chipchase, N. — Wallis, 182;.

133. CNIDIUM

1. C. Silaus (Meadow Pepper-saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 91; Berwick Flora, 71; Peucedanum Silaus Eng. Bot. 2142; Hook. Fl. Scot. 88; Silaus pratensis Hook. Br. Fl. 121; In moist meadows and pastures, by no means rare; though, from Hooker's Flora Scotica, it appears scarce in Scotland; in Berwickshire, however, Dr. Johnston mentions it as common.

2. BUPLEURUM

1. B. rotundifolium (Common Hare's-ear, Thorow-wax)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 93; Eng. Bot. 99; With. ii. 386; In corn fields to the north and west of Norton, and about Carleton and Redmarshall, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. Its most northern localities.

2. B. tenuissimum (Slender Hare's-ear)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 94; Eng. Bot. 478; With. ii. 387; By the Tees near Stockton. — Mr. E. Robson. On Seaton Moor, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse.

135. HYDROCOTYLE

1. H. vulgaris (Common White-rot, Marsh Pennywort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 96; Eng. Bot. 751; Curt. Fasc. vi. t. 19; Hook. Fl. Scot. 87; Berwick Flora 71; In marshy places and on moist heaths, frequent.

136. PASTINACA

1. P. sativa (Wild Parsnep)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 101; Eng. Bot, 550; With. ii. 418; In the Magnesian Limestone district, abundant. especially near the coast; its most northern locality.

1. HERACLEUM

1. H. Sphondylium (Common Cow-parsnep)

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA

138. VIBURNUM

1. V. Opulus (Common Guelder Rose, Water Elder)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 107; Eng. Bot. 332; Hook. Fl. Scot. 96; Berwick Flora, 72; In moist woods and hedges, frequent.

139. SAMBUCUS

1. S. Ebulus (Dwarf Elder, Dane-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 108; Eng. Bot. 475; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 18; Woodv. Sup. t. 260; With. ii. 426; Gr. Fl. Eds. 72; In hedges near Deckham Hall, Gateshead, between Blaydon and Stella, D. — Mr. R.B. Bowman. In the old church-yard at Benwell, N. At Bamborough and Ingram, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the west side of the church yard wall at Chatton, by the river Till, and at Purley Green, near Shitlington Hall, in Tynedale.— Wallis, 141;. At the Crooks, near Mump's Hall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

2. S. nigra (Common Elder)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 109; Eng. Bot. 476; Berwick Flora, 72; Woodv. t. 78; Hook. Fl. Scot. 96; S. laciniatus Ray's Syn. 461; α In woods and hedges, γ In hedges near Earsdon, N.— Mr. R. Waugh.

PENTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA

140. PARNASSIA

1. P. palustris (Grass of Parnassus)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 114; Eng. Bot. 82; Gr. Fl. Eds. 73; With. ii. 429; Berwick Flora, 73; In boggy places near Greencroft, Castle Eden, on the coast near Sunderland, and in Teesdale Forest, D. About Norton and Stockton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On bogs in Heaton wood, in marshy places on the highest parts of Northumberland, and on the links at Bamborough and Holy Island. On the links between Druridge and Cresswell, and at the east end of Bromley lake, N Wallis, 225;.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA

141. STATICE

1. S. Armeria (Thrift., Sea Gilliflower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 115; Eng. Bot. 226; Hook. Fl. Scot. 97; Berwick Flora, 73; Armeria maritima Lindley's Br. Syn. 170; In salt marshes, and on the rocks by the coast, also on the Sub-alpine hills, in Teesdale Forest, D. It may be noticed, that the Grass of Parnassus ranges the whole way from the sea beach to our highest grounds; the Thrift occurs only at the extremities of the line.

2. S. Limonium (Sea Lavender)

Sm. Eng Fl. ii. 116; Eng. Bot. 102; Hook. Fl. Scot. 97; With. ii. 431; Berwick Flora, 74; On the north shore of Wear at Hilton, near Sunderland, also near Tees mouth, and at Hartlepool, D. On St. Cuthbert's Island, a rock at Holy Island, N.

142. LINUM

1. L. usitatissimum (Common Flax)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 118; Eng. Bot. 1357; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 22; Woodv. t. 111; Gr. Fl. Eds. 74; With. ii. 432; In corn fields, and on the ballast-hills, N. and D.

2. L. perenne (Perennial Blue Flax)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 118; Eng. Bot. 40; With. ii. 433; In fields, on the sea coast near Marsden cottage, and among furze on a bank behind the house, also at Baydales, near Darlington, D; in which habitat it was noticed by S. Robson. — See Syn. p. 128. The vicinity of Marsden appears to be its northern boundary, for the Perennial Flax is not mentioned in Hooker's Flora Scotica.

3. L. catharticum (Purging Flax, Mill-mountain)

PENTANDRIA HEXAGYNIA

143. DROSERA

1. D. rotundifolia (Round-leaved Sun-dew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 122; Eng. Bot. 807; Hook. Fl. Scot. 98; Berwick Flora, 74; On bogs, common. N. and D. On the Rabbit banks above Gateshead, D.

2. D. longifolia (Long-leaved Sun-dew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 123; Eng. Bot. 868; Hook. Fl. Scot. 98; With. ii. 436; In a bog on the north side of Slaterfield, near Simonburn, N. — Wallis p. 221;. Probably Drosera anglica I never met with Drosera longifolia in the north.

3. D. anglica (Great Sun-dew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 123; Eng. Bot. 809; Hook. Fl. Scot. 98; With. ii. 437; In bogs on the Muckle Moss, and at Prestwick Carr, N.

PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA

144. MYOSURUS

1. M. minimus (Mouse-tail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 125; Eng. Bot. 435; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 26; Hook. Fl. Scot. 98; With. ii. 439; In fields Near Darlington, D. On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N. On the Cowhill, Newcastle Town Moor, N Mr. R.B. Bowman.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA

145. GALANTHUS

1. G. nivalis (Snowdrop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii, 129; Eng. Bot. 19; Hook. Lond. t. 14; With. ii. 442; Gr. Fl. Eds. 75; In Scotswood dene, and on the Lamshield bank near Hexham. Naturalized on banks in the upper part of Heaton Dene, N. Near Conniscliffe and Blackwell, D.— Mr. E. Robson. Leucojum aestivum (the Summer Snowflake) formerly grew in tolerable abundance in a mill-pond near Goldspink Hall in Heaton Dene. The pool is now filled up, and the plant exterminated, which in all likelihood had been thrown out of some garden, and brought down by the bourn.

146. NARCISSUS

1. N. biflorus (Pale Narcissus, Primrose-peerless)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 132; Eng. Bot. 276; With. ii. 444; N. poeticus Hudson, 141; Near Dinsdale, D., probably the outcast of a garden. — Mr. E. Robson.

2. N. Pseudo-narcissus (Common Daffodil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 132; Eng. Bot. 17; Gr. Fl. Eds. 75; With. ii. 444; In Witton-le-Wear, Cocken,and Ravensworth woods, in meadows near Butsfield, and in Barley Haugh near Ebchester, D. Near Pierce bridge.— Mr. Backhouse. On the south side of the Wear at Butterby near DurhamJohn Hogg, Esq. On the banks of the Derwent, near Allan's-ford, N.

147. ALLIUM

1. A. arenarium (Sand Garlick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 134; Eng. Bot. 1358 (bad); Hook. Fl. Scot. 100; With. ii. 445; Berwick Flora, 76; In the upper part of Castle Eden Dene, above the Gunner's pool, D. On the banks of Tyne at Low Elswick, near the Fishery, N.

2. A. oleraceum (Streaked Field Garlick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 136; Eng. Bot. 488; Gr. Fl. Eds. 75; With. ii. 447; Berwick Flora, 77; In meadows on the banks of Tyne near Wylam, on the Heugh at Holy Island, and rocks at Harnham, N. On the banks of the Hart between Hartburn Grange and the Moor, N Miss Emma Trevelyan. On rocks at Spindlestone, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. In meadows at Silksworth, near Sunderland, and on the walls at Durham Peth. At Baydales near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Middleton in Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. A. vineale (Crow Garlick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 137; Eng. Bot. 1974; Gr. Fl. Eds. 75; With. ii. 446; Berwick Flora 77; On Chapel Hill, and the heights between it and Belford, also on Windmill, Bastion, and other parts of the ramparts of Berwick. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Near Hexham. - Mr. F. Scott. On Gunnerton Crags, N. — Mr. W. Robertson. At Durham Peth. — Rev. J. T. Fenwick. At Baydales near Darlington.— Mr. Backhouse.

4. A. ursinum (Broad-leaved Garlick, Ramsons)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 137; Eng. Bot. 122; Hook. Fl. Scot. 101; Berwick Flora, 77; In shady moist woods, frequent.

5. A. Schaenoprasum (Chive Garlick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 138; Eng. Bot. 2441; Hook. Fl. Scot. 101; With. ii. 448; Berwick Flora, 77; On Walltown Crags. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sps. On Copping Crags by the Wansbeck near Kirkwhelpington, N. — Rev. J. Hodgson, Sp. These localities are both on Basaltic rocks, and where the plant could never have been cultivated.

148. TULIPA

1. T. sylvestris (Wild Tulip)

Sm. Eng.Fl. ii. 141; Eng. Bot. 63; Hook. Lond. t. 19; Fl. Scot. 101; With. ii. 449; Naturalized near Blackwell, D. — Mr. James Backhouse.

149. ORNITHOGALUM

1. O. luteum (Yellow Star of Bethlehem)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 142; Eng. Bot. 21; Gr. Fl. Eds. 76; With. ii. 450; Gagea lutea Lindley Br. Syn. 268; On the banks of Tees near Eglestone and Wycliffe, and in fields near Bishop Auckland, D. In Barbara Riggs, near Barnardcastle, and near Whorlton. — Rev. J. Harriman. Near Pierce bridge, D. — Mr. Backhouse. At Butterby near Durham. — John Hogg, Esq. Near Greta Bridge and Brignal. — Johnson in Ray's Syn. 166. Near Hexham. — Mr. F. Scott. In the wood bottom at the west end of the Rectory dene at Simonburn. — Wallis 226;. On the banks of the Hart below Rothley mill. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the dene near Twizell House, N. — P. J. Selby, Esq.

2. O. nutans (Drooping Star of Bethlehem)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 144; Eng. Bot. 1997; Hook. Lond. t. 44; With. ii. 452; Naturalized near Blackwell, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse.

150. SCILLA

1. S. verna (Vernal Squil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 145; Eng. Bot. 23; With. ii. 453; Berwick Flora, 77; Hook. Fl. Scot. 102; S. bifolia Lightfoot, 181; Naturalized in woods at Burn Hall, near Durham. — Miss Dale, Sp. This elegant plant having been found on the sea banks above Gunn's-green in Berwickshire, by the Rev. A. Bairt, hopes may be entertained of its being detected in Northumberland. Our Basaltic rocks in the vicinity of the coast are likely localities for it.

2. S. nutans (Hare-bell Squill, Wild Hyacinth)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 147; Eng. Bot. 377; Berwick Flora, 78; Hyacinthus non-scriptus Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 18; Hook. Fl. Scot. 102; In denes, woods, and under hedges.

151. NARTHECIUM

1. N. ossifragum (Lancashire Bog-asphodel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 151; Eng. Bot. 535; Hook. Lond. t. 139; Gr. Fl. Eds. 77; With. ii. 455; Berwick Flora, 78; In bogs on moors and heaths, not rare.

152. CONVALLARIA

1. C. majalis (Lily of the Valley)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 154; Eng. Bot. 1035; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 24; Gr. Fl. Eds. 77; With. ii. 456; In Gibside Woods, Castle Eden Dene, and near Winchbridge, Teesdale, D. In Scotswood and Denton Denes, and at Warden mill near Hexham, N.— Among the bushes above the scar at Netherwarden, N.— Wallis, 152;.

2. C. Polygonatum (Angular Solomon's Seal)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 155; Eng. Bot. 280; Woodv. t. 44; Hook. Lond. t. 38; With. ii. 457; Berwick Flora, 78; On Kyloe rocks a few miles south of Berwick, N. — Mr. A. Bruce, in Sm. Eng. Fl.

3. C. multiflora (Common Solomon's Seal)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 156; Eng. Bot. 279; Hook. Lond. t. 37; Fl. Scot. 105; With. ii. 458; In the lane between Stockton and Stainton, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

153. JUNCUS

1. J. maritimus (Lesser Sharp Sea Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 159; Eng. Bot. 1725; With. 463; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 299; Near Seaton, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Its most northern locality.

2. J. glaucus (Hard Rush)

Sm, Eng. Fl. ii. 160; Eng. Bot. 665; Hook. Fl. Scot. 105; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 300; In wet pastures and on commons.

3. J. conglomeratus (Common Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 161; Eng. Bot. 835; Hook. Fl. Scot. 105; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 302; By road sides and in pastures.

4. J. effusus (Soft Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 162; Eng. Bot. 836; Hook. Fl. Scot. 105; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 303; In wet pastures and by road sides.

5. J. squarrosus (Moss Rush, Goose Corn)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 164; Eng. Bot. 933; Hook. Fl. Scot. 105; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 306; On moors and wet turfy heaths.

6. J. compressus (Round-fruited Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 165; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 307; J. bulbosus Eng. Bot. 934; Hook. Fl. Scot. 107; J. caenosus (Mud Rush) Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 166; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 309; Eng. Bot. 2680; Berwick Flora, 79; J. bulbosus Hook. Fl. Scot. 107; J. compressus β, Br. Fl. 163; J. bottnicus Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 82 t. 5, according to specimens from SWARTZ; α in Teesdale forest D. β on the muddy shores of Tyne below Gateshead park, and of Wear near Southwick, D. Near Elswick, N. On the banks of Tweed, and on Goswick links, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

7. J. bufonius (Toad Rush)

8. J. uliginosus (Little Bulbous Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 169; Eng. Bot. 801; Hook. Fl. Scot. 108; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 315; Berwick Flora, 80; β, Fl. Brit 300; On wet moors, frequent. In var. β the flowers are viviparous.

9. J. triglumis (Three-flowered Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 173; Eng. Bot. 899; Lightfoot, 186, t. 9, f. 2; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 319; With. ii. 466; Half a mile north of the Cauldron Snout, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On Meldon Fell, Teesdale.— Rev. Jno. Harriman.

10. J. castaneus (Clustered Alpine Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 173; Eng. Bot. 900; Hook. Fl. Scot. 106; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 321; With, ii. 467; In the county of Durham.— Rev. J. Harriman, Smith's English Flora. There is a specimen of this very rare plant in the late Sir J. E. Smith's Herbarium, marked as coming from the county of Durham.

11. J. acutiflorus (Sharp-pointed Jointed Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 174; Eng. Bot. 2143, at the bottom; Berwick Flora, 80; Hook. Fl. Scot. 109; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 323; J. articulatus Eng. Bot. 238; β, Fl. Brit. 379; In wet meadows and on moors, frequent.

12. J. lampocarpus (Shining-fruited Jointed Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 175; Eng. Bot. 2143; Berwick Flora, 80; Hook. Fl. Scot. 109; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 325; J. articulatus α, Fl. Brit. 379; In wet meadows and boggy places.

13. J. obtusiflorus (Blunt-flowered Jointed Rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 176; Eng. Bot. 2144; Hook. Fl. Scot. 109; With. ii. 464; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 327; J. articulatus β, Fl. Brit. 379; At Prestwick Carr, N. At Polam, D.— Mr. James Backhouse.

154. LUCIOLA

1. L. pilosa (Broad-leaved Hairy Wood-rush)

2. L. sylvatica (Great Wood-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 180; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 331, t. 9, f. 3; Berwick Flora, 80; Luzula maxima Hook. Fl. Scot. 110; Juncus sylvaticus Eng. Bot. 737; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 26; In woods and denes, common.

3. L. campestris (Field Wood-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 181; Br. Prodr. 591; Bicheno Linn. Tr. xii. 334, t. 9, f. 4; Hook. Fl. Scot. 110; Berwick Flora, 81; Juncus campestris Eng. Bot. 672; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 19; On moors and in barren pastures. Another of the British plants found in Australia.

4. L. sudetica (Tall Bog Wood-rush)

Berwick Flora, 81 f. 2; L. congesta Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 131; Forster's Tonb. 44; Luzula sudetica Spr. Syst. Veg. ii. 111; L. campestris γ Gr. Fl. Eds. 81; Juncus campestris β Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 87; Bicheno, Linn. Tr. xii. 334; Hook. Fl. Scot. 110; Fl. Brit. 386; With. ii. 46; J. sudeticus Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 221; J. liniger Purton's Sup. 352, t. 9; On the heathy part of Prestwick Carr, and on the Muckle Moss, N. In Beamish Park, and near Tanfleld, D.

155. BERBERIS

1. B. vulgaris (Barberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 184; Eng. Bot. 49; Woodv. Supp. t. 234; Gr. Fl. Eds. 82; With. ii. 470; Berwick Flora, 81; In Heaton Woods, N. In hedges near Witton-le-Wear, Darlington, Picktree, and Chester-le-Street, D. At Bear's Park, D. — Rev. J. Symons. Between Richardson's Stead and Scremmerston, N. Dr. G. Johnston.

156. FRANKENIA

1. F. laevis (Smooth Sea Heath)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 186; Eng. Bot. 205; With. ii. 472; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

157. PEPLIS

1. P. Portula (Water Purslane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 187; Eng. Bot. 1211; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 27; Hook. Fl. Scot. 111; In marshy places and on wet heaths.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA

158. RUMEX

1. R. sanguineus (Bloody-veined Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 190; Eng. Bot. 1533; Gr. Fl. Eds. 83; With. ii. 473; Berwick Flora, 82; By hedge sides near Houghton-le-Spring, on banks at Friar's Goose, near Gateshead, and in pastures near Murton House, D.

2. R. crispus (Curled Dock)

3. R. acutus (Sharp Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 192; Eng. Bot. 724; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 21; With. ii. 474; Berwick Flora, 82; In moist meadows and near rivers.

4. R. obtusifolius (Broad blunt-leaved Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 192; Eng. Bot. 1999; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 22; Hook. Fl. Scot. 113; Berwick Flora, 83; By road sides and on waste ground.

5. R. pulcher (Fiddle Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 193; Eng. Bot. 1570; Hook. Fl. Scot. 113; With. ii. 476; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D W. Weighell's Herb. On Willington and St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N.

6. R. maritimus (Golden Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 193; Eng. Bot. 725; Gr. Fl. Eds. 83; With. ii. 477; On Willington and St. Anthon ballast-hills's, N. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — Rev. J. Symons.

7. R. palustris (Yellow Marsh Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 194; Eng. Bot. 1932; Hook. Fl. Scot. 113; With. ii. 476; On Sunderland and Hebburn ballast-hills, D. On St. Anthon's and Willington ballast-hills, N.

8. R. Hydrolapathum (Great Water Dock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 195; Woodv, t. 178; R. aquaticus Eng. Bot. 2104; Lightfoot, 190; With. ii. 475; R. Britannica Hudson, 1st ed. 135; Near Preston on the Skerne, and Polam. — Mr. E. Robson. In rivulets, near Stockton and Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

9. R. Acetosa (Common Sorrel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 196; Eng. Bot. 127; Woodv. t. 69; Hook. Fl. Scot. 113; Berwick Flora, 83; In meadows and pastures, frequent.

10. R. Acetosella (Sheep's Sorrel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 197; Eng. Bot. 1674; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 29; Hook. Fl. Scot. 113; Berwick Flora, 83; In barren pastures and on heaths, common.

159. TOFIELDIA

1. T. palustris (Scottish Asphodel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 198; Eng. Bot. 536; Hook. Lond. 100; Fl. Scot. 114; With. ii. 480; Berwick Flora, 83; Anthericum calyculatum Lightfoot, t. 8, f. 2; Near Widdy bank on Teesdale Forest, D. Near the Black Ark on Cronkley Fell. Juxta rivulum non procul Bervico in Scotia. Dill. Ray's Syn. 375.

160. TRIGLOCHIN

1. T. palustre (Marsh Arrow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 200; Eng. Bot. 366; Hook. Fl. Scot. 114; Lond. t. 98; Berwick Flora, 83; In bogs and marshy places, but not very common.

2. T. maritimum (Sea Arrow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 201; Eng. Bot. 255; Hook. Fl. Scot. 114; Lond. t. 99; Berwick Flora, 83; In salt marshes on the Tweed, Blyth, Tyne, Wear, and Tees; also on the sea coast, N. and D.

161. COLCHICUM

1. C. autumnale (Meadow Saffron)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 202; Eng. Bot. 133; Woodv. t. 177; Hook. Fl. Scot. 114; With. ii. 481; On the banks of Tees, opposite Eglestone ,N. — Rev. J. Harriman. At Sand-hills, near Darlington, D.— W. Weighell's Herb. On the banks of Wear at Butterby, near Durham. — Mr. John Fox.

HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA

162. ALISMA

1. A. Plantago (Greater Water-plantain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 203; Eng. Bot. 837; Curt. Fasc. v. t.27; Hook. Fl. Scot. 114; Berwick Flora, 84; On the margins of rivers, and in pools and ditches, frequent.

2. A. ranunculoides (Small Water-plantain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 205; Eng. Bot. 326; With. ii. 485; Berwick Flora, 84; In boggy places near East Morton, and ponds near Horton, also at Fawdon Slate, D. In clay pits near Barnardcastle, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. At Hill Close Carr. — S. Robson's Fl. 198. In Whitburn-moor lane, D — Rev. J. Symons. In bogs at Prestwick Carr, and by the Lough on Holy Island, N. In the pond near Spindlestone, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA

163. TRIENTALIS

1. T. europaea (Chickweed Winter-green)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 238; Eng. Bot. 15; Hook. Fl. Scot. 115; With. ii. 436; On moors a mile and a half east of Rothbury, N. Beyond the Roman Wall, five miles north of Hexham, and on moors west of Harbottle, N. — T. Willisel, Ray's Syn. 162. In a fir plantation at Catcherside, four miles west of Wallington, on moors about Green Leighton, and by Rothley Lake, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. In the plantation surrounding Brislie Tower, N. — Mr. F. Manisty. Near Bassington, three miles west of Alnwick, N. — Miss Pringle, Sp. Near Butsfield and Spring houses, D. In Waskerley Park, near Wolsingham, D. Mr. J. Thornhill. On the wooded hill above Hepburn, at Chillingham, and on Hedgehope, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA

164. OENOTHERA

1. OE. biennis (Common Evening-primrose)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 211; Eng. Bot. 1534; With. ii. 492; Hook. Br. Fl. 178; On South Shields ballast-hills, D. Originally from North America, and not yet naturalized beyond the Tyne.

165. EPILOBIUM

1. E. angustifolium (Rosebay Willow-herb, French Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 212; Eng. Bot. 1947; Hook. Fl. Scot. 116; With. ii. 489; Berwick Flora, 86; On the banks of Derwent, near Blanchland, upon rocks on the west side of Shewing Shields, near Crag Lake, where it was observed by Wallis, and by a rocky rivulet above Langley Ford, at the foot of Cheviot, N. On the banks of South Tyne, by Slaggy Ford, in Knaresdale. — Wallis 154;. On the rocks above Folden lead mill, near Edmondbyers; also near Barnardcastle, Eglestone, and the High Force of Tees, D. In Irehope dene, Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. A sub-alpine plant, and merely naturalized in its localities in the southern counties of England.

2. E. hirsutum (Great Hairy Willow-herb, Codlings and Cream)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 213; Eng. Bot. 838; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 21; Hook. Fl. Scot. 117; Berwick Flora, 86; By ditches, rivulets, and on the banks of rivers, frequent.

3. E. parviflorum (Small-flowered hoary Willow-herb)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 214; Eng. Bot. 795; Hook. Fl. Scot. 117; Gr. Fl. Eds. 86; Berwick Flora, 86; E. villosum Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 22; E. hirsutum Hudson, 161; In watery places, and on the banks of rivers.

4. E. montanum (Broad smooth-leaved Willow-herb)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 214; Eng. Bot. 1177; Hook. Fl. Scot. 117; Curt. Fasc. iii. t. 24; Berwick Flora, 87; In dry, stony, and rocky places, and on old walls, frequent.

5. E. tetragonum (Square-stalked Willow-herb)

6. E. palustre (Round-stalked Marsh Willow-herb)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 216; Eng. Bot. 346; Berwick Flora, 87; Hook. Fl. Scot. 117; β lapponicum Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 95; Linn. Lapp. N. 149; α By ditches and on boggy ground; β by rivulets near Wolsingham, D. On Cheviot, N.

7. E. alsinifolium (Chick-weed-leaved Willow-herb)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 216; Eng. Bot. 2000; With. ii. 492; Berwick Flora, 87; Villars Dauph. iii. 511; Hook. Fl. Scot. 117; Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 36 and ii. preiace 4; E. origanifolium Lam. and De Cand. iv. 424; Turner and Dillwyn's Guide, see note v. ii. p. 471; In a rivulet near the summit of Cheviot, N. — July 22, 1804. On Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

8. E. alpinum (Alpine Willow-herb)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 217; Eng. Bot. 2001; Lightfoot, 199 t. 10, f. 1; With. ii. 491; Near the Cauldron Snout in Teesdale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. The only English locality Curtis's station at the head of Long-sleddale, Westmorland, is occupied by Epilobium alsinifolium as proved by specimens gathered there by Mr. Joseph Woods.

166. CHLORA

1. C. perfoliate (Perfoliate Yellow-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 218; Hook. Lond. t. 2; Eng. Bot. 60; With. ii. 494; In dry hilly pastures about a quarter of a mile west of Honeycleugh Crag, near Chester Wood, and Whinetly, on South Tyne, N. — Wallis, 217;. No other botanist has been so fortunate as to find this elegant plant in Northumberland or Durham.

167. VACCINIUM

1. V. Myrtillus (Bilberry or Bleaberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 219; Eng. Bot. 456; Hook. Fl. Scot. 118; Berwick Flora, 87; On heaths and in woods, not rare. Heaton Dene, near Newcastle, N.

2. V. uliginosum (Great Bilberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 220; Eng. Bot. 581; Hook. Fl. Scot. 118; With. ii. 496; Near Wardrew, and on the north side of Wall-town Crags, N. Near an ancient camp on the south banks of Tyne, opposite Lambley, N— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In bogs at Moor-rigs, near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. — Mr. James Backhouse. On Meldon Fell, Teesdale. — Rev. J. Harriman. In the Duke of Portland's wood, called East Common Wood, near Hexham, N Wallis, 147;. I could never find it there.

3. V. Vitis-Idaea (Red Whortle-berry, Cow-berry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 220; Eng. Bot. 598; Gr. Fl. Eds. 87; With. ii. 490; Berwick Flora, 88; On tufty heaths at Butsfield, Stanhope in Weardale, and in Teesdale Forest; in woods at Witton-le-Wear, and Howns near Medomsley; and on the heath at the source of a Roman aqueduct west of Woodland, near Butsfield, D. On Cheviot and Hedgehope; also in Allendale; in the wood at Roadley, and on the moors near Wallington; in East Common Wood, and on the banks at West Dipton, near Hexham, N. On rocks at Long Crag, near Watling-street, by the road to Thockrington from Gunnerton; also on the moor edge near Diligate Hall, N — Wallis, 147;. On the hill at Hepburn near Chillingham, N. Dr. G. Johnston. An indifferent substitute for the Cranberry.

4. V. Oxycoccus (Cranberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 221; Eng. Bot. 319; Gr. Fl. Eds. 87; With. ii. 497; Berwick Flora, 88; On the Beamish, Urpeth, Weardale, and Teesdale moors, D. On Framwellgate Carr, near Durham. — J. Hogg, Esq. On mosses north of Gunnerton Crags. — Mr. F. Scott. On moors between Belford and Wooler, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the Wallington moors, the Muckle Moss, Blanchland moors, and the heath at Prestwick Carr, N.

168. CALLUNA

1. C. vulgaris (Common Ling)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 225; Hook. Fl. Scot. 119; Berwick Flora, 88; Erica vulgaris Eng. Bot. 1013; Curt. Fasc. v. t. 30; β flore albo. α On dry moors if the soil be not calcareous, and occasionally in denes and woods; β on the Teesdale and Wallington moors, D. and N.

169. ERICA

1. E. Tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath, Heather)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 226; Eng. Bot. 1014; Berwick Flora, 89; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 21; Hook. Fl. Scot. 119; β flore albo. α on boggy heaths; β on the Wallington moors, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. E. cinerea (Fine-leaved Heath, Heather)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 226; Eng. Bot. 1015; Berwick Flora, 89; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 25; Hook. Fl. Scot. 119; β flore albo. α On wet turfy moors; β at Cow-close near Cockfield, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse.

170. DAPHNE

1. D. Mezereum (Common Mezereon, Spurge-olive)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 228; Eng. Bot. 1381; Woodv. t. 23; With. ii. 503; Naturalized in a wood among the Tunstal hills, south of Sunderland, D. — Mr. T. Robson.

2. D. Laureola (Spurge-laurel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 229; Eng. Bot. 119; Hook. Fl. Scot. 119; Gr. Fl. Eds. 88; With. ii. 504; Berwick Flora, 90; In woods and hedges near Hilton Castle, and in Dalton and Castle Eden Denes, D. Near Norton and Wynyard. — J. Hogg, Esq. In Whorlton wood, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. Between Bilton Bank and the Long Dyke, near Alnwick N — Mr. J. Davison. Usually confined to limestone soils.

171. ACER

1. A. Pseudo-platanus (Greater Maple, Sycamore)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 230; Eng. Bot. 303; Hook. Fl. Scot. 120; In woods and hedges, also on the edges of many of our high moors, where it certainly is indigenous.

2. A. campestre (Common Maple)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 231; Eng. Bot. 304; Hook. Fl. Scot. 120; With. ii. 494; In hedges near Sunderland, Norton, and Darlington, and in plantations at Beamish, D. Rare in the north of England, probably not indigenous beyond the Tyne.

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA

172. POLYGONUM

1. P. amphibium (Amphibious Persicaria)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 232; Eng. Bot. 435; Curt. Fasc. iv. t. 28; Hook. Fl. Scot. 121; Berwick Flora, 90; In ditches, ponds, and by rivulets.

2. P. Persicaria (Spotted Persicaria)

3. P. lapathifolium (Pale-flowered Persicaria)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 234; Eng. Bot. 1382; Berwick Flora, 90; Hook. Fl. Scot. 121; P. pennsylvanicum Curt. Fasc. i. 24, 25; P. pallidum With, ii. 508; On cultivated ground and about dung hills.

4. P. Hydropiper (Biting Persicaria)

5. P. minus (Small Creeping Persicaria)

Sm Eng. Fl. ii. 235; Eng. Bot. 1043; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 28; With. ii. 507; Hook. Fl. Scot. 121; At Mordent Carr near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

6. P. Bistorta (Great Bistort, or Snakeweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 236; Eng. Bot. 509; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 22; Woodv. 34; With. ii. 509; Hook. Fl. Scot. 120; In moist, meadows and woods on Tyne, Wear, Tees, Team, and Derwent, N. and D. Near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the King's Meadows, near Newcastle. — Wilson's Syn. 21. Where it still grows. In the wood called the Stocking, near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

7. P. viviparum (Viviparous, or Alpine Bistort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 237; Eng. Bot. 669; Hook. Lond. t. 81; Fl. Scot. 120; With. ii. 510; In alpine pastures near Eglestone and Middleton, also in Teesdale Forest, on the banks of Wear, at Burtree-ford, Weardale, D.

8. P. aviculare (Knot-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 238; Berwick Flora. 91; Eng. Bot. 1252; Hook. Fl. Scot. 122; Curt. Lond. i. t. 27; Sm; P. marinum Ray's Syn. 147; α By paths and on cultivated ground; close by Cullercoats near Tynemouth, N. — Wilson's Syn. 21.

9. P. Fagopyrum (Buck-wheat)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 239; Eng. Bot. 1044; Hook. Fl. Scot. 122; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

10. P. Convolvulus (Climbing Buck-wheat, Black Bindweed)

OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA

173. PARIS

1. P. quadrifolia (Herb Paris)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 241; Eng. Bot. 7; With. ii. 513; Gr. Fl. Eds. 91; In Hawthorn and Castle Eden Denes, and Raby Park; also in Urpeth, Beamish, and Ravensworth woods, D. In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, and in woods on the Coquet, at Felton and Meldon; also near Hexham. N. Wallington woods, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. In Cottingwood near Morpeth, where Dr. Turner observed it; and at the west end of the Rectory wood, Simonburn. — Wallis, 150;. In Twizell dene. — P.J. Selby, Esq. In Rugeley wood. — Mr. F. Manisty. At Break-back, on the way to Huln Abbey near Alnwick, N. — Dr. Cope.

174. ADOXA

1. A. Moschatellina (Tuberous Moschatell)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 242; Eng. Bot. 453; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 26; Hook. Fl. Scot. 123; With. ii. 514; In woods, denes, and under hedges.

ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA

175. BUTOMUS

1. B. umbellatus (Flowering-rush)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 245; Eng. Bot. 651; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 29; Hook. Fl. Scot. 123; Gr. Fl. Eds. 92; With. ii. 522; In the river Skerne near Darlington, D. In rivulets near Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq. In the Browney, D. — Rev. J. Symons. Naturalized in the ponds at Wallington. In a small pond near Howick, N — Mr. J. Embleton's MSS. Most likely planted there. I consider the south of the county of Durham as the northern limit of Butomus umbellatus for thirty years since the late Mr. M'Kay assured me that this elegant aquatic had been planted in Duddingston Lough; and Loch Clunie, bordering on the highlands, is a still more unlikely original habitat for it. — see Hook. Fl. Scot, and Lightfoot, 1139.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA

176. MONOTROPA

1. M. Hypopitys (Yellow Bird's-nest)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 249; Eng. Bot. 69; Hook. Lond. t. 105; Fl. Scot. 125; With. ii. 525; Not unfrequent in the woods near Wark, in Tynedale, and in Ramshaw wood, by the road side near the mill; also on the east side of the ostium of Wark burn, N.— Wallis, 234;. No other botanist has found this rare plant in these counties.

177. ANDROMEDA

1. A. polifolia (Marsh Andromeda, or Wild Rosemary)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 251; Eng. Bot. 713 (bad); Hook. Fl. Scot. 125; With. ii. 526; Fl. Lapp. 2nd ed. 131, t. l, f. 2 (good); On the heathy part of Prestwick Carr, and on the Muckle Moss north of the Roman Wall and west of Shewing Shields; also on the Wallington moors, N. On Green Leighton Moss, and at Dardon Lough, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan.

178. ARBUTUS

1. A. Uva-ursi (Red-berried trailing Arbutus)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 253; Eng. Bot. 714; With. ii. 527; Light. Fl. Scot. 216, t. 11, fed; Woodv. t. 70; In the Scar above the High Force, and in Cronkley Scar, Teesdale, D. On the heath on the south side of East Common Wood near Hexham, where it was noticed by Lightfoot; and on Acton Cleugh, five miles north of Blanchland, N. — On Little Waney-house Crag, sparingly, N. — Wallis, 148;.

179. PYROLA

1. P. rotundifolia (Round-leaved Winter-green)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 255; Eng. Bot. 213; Hook. Lond. t. 20; Gr. Fl. Eds. 92; With. ii. 528; Berwick Flora, 93; In Castle Eden Dene, particularly in the north branch, and in Hawthorn dene, D. At Birch Carr, D. — Mr. Janson. In Allerton dene about four miles from Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. "Round-leaved Winter. green. On the hedge bank by the road up the hill to Simonburn Castle, and in the bank of wood opposite the west end of the Rectory dene at Simonburn, on the north-east side of the freestone quarry; also on the borders of Ramshaw wood, by the way side near Wark in Tynedale, on the edge of the moor by Diligate Hall near Hexham, and in the Duke of Portland's wood (East Common wood) near that town, N."— Wallis, 223;. Bot; Pyrola media and P. minor grow at the latter habitat; what species occupy the other localities I have not been able to ascertain.

2. P. media (Intermediate Winter-green)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 256; Eng. Bot. 1945 (very good); Hook. Fl. Scot. 127; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 19; Berwick Flora, 94; In Scotswood Dene three miles west of Newcastle. — July 16, 1797. Also in East Common Wood near Hexham, N. Near Roadley Lake by the side of the road — Miss Emma Trevelyan. In Longridge dene six miles from Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. In Ancroft dene. — Mr. J. Manners, in Berwick Flora. In Howns' wood near Medomsley, and Blackston-bank Wood, four miles north of Wolsingham; also on the edge of the woodland plantations on Lanchester Fell, D. In Skull Wood, D Mr. Jas. Backhouse.

3. P. minor (Lesser Winter-green)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 257; Eng. Bot. 158 (very bad); Gr. Fl. Eds. 92; With. ii. 529; P. rosea Eng. Bot. 2543 (good). In Gibside Woods near the Friar-side gate; also near the Swalwell gate, and on Teesdale Forest, D. In Cocken woods, D. — W. Weighell's Herb. Near Prudhoe Castle, N.— Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. In Arngill, Cow-close-gill, and Hyndon-gills, which form the Gaunless; also in Skull Wood near south Hamsterley, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse. At Wallington House, and at Roadely; also in East Common Wood, near Hexham, N. In a fir plantation at Catcherside four miles west of Wallington, N.— Miss Emma Trevelyan. In Willymoteswick Dene.— Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. In Callas Wood near Alnwick, N. — Miss Pringle, Sp.

4. P. secunda (Serrated Winter-green)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 257; Eng. Bot. 517; Hook. Fl. Scot. 127; With. ii. 530; On the borders of Ramshaw Wood by the road side, N. — Wallis, 224;. In 1804 I sought it there in vain, and never gathered it in England, except in Ashnessgill above Barrow Force, near Derwentwater, Cumberland.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA

180. CHRYSOSPLENIUM

1. C. alternifolium (Alternate-leaved Golden-saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 260; Eng. Bot. 54; Gr. Fl. Eds. 93; With. ii. 531; In Causey Wood, Ravensworth woods above Mill Green, in woods near Eglestone,and by Pont-burn near Hamsterley, D. — At Baydales near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson. On the banks of Wear opposite Cocken, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. By St. Mungo's well, at Hall-barns near Simonside — Wallis, 212;. In Stamp's plantations between Burrell's cottage and Alnwick moor— Mr. F. Manisty; at Barbary's-bank — Miss Pringle; at Breakback — Miss Forster, delin; and in Edington Wood near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

2. C. oppositifolium (Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 260; Eng. Bot. 490; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. 27; Hook. Fl. Scot. 128; Berwick Flora, 94; With. ii. 531; In watery places, especially in woods.

181. SAXIFRAGA

1. S. stellaris (Hairy Saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 264; Eng. Bot. 167; Hook. Lond. t. 69; Fl. Scot. 128; Don. in Linn. Tr. xiii. 356; With. ii. 532; Berwick Flora, 94; By Eglesbourn, and rills in Egleshope, D. In bogs near Allenheads, Coal Cleugh, Kilhope Law, and near Riddlehamhope above Blanchland; also on Cheviot, N. On the moors near Beldon-bourn, N. and D. At the head of Cauledge-bourn, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. S. Hirculus (Yellow Marsh Saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 267; Eng. Bot. 1009; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 26; Don. in Linn. Tr. xiii. 372; With. ii. 535; On Cotherstone Fell, in a moss about half a mile south-east of the place where the Balder is joined by the Blackbeck. — Mr. James Backhouse. Said to have been first found by John Binks, a miner.

3. S. aizoides (Yellow Mountain Saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 268; Eng. Bot. 39; Don. Trans. Linn. xiii. 375; Hook. Fl. Scot. 129; With. ii. 535; S. autumnalis Lightfoot, 222; Hudson, 180; Near Widdy Bank on Teesdale Forest, D. It still grows where it was observed by Wallis, on rocks by the river Irthing, above Wardrew, N.

4. S. granulata (White Saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 269; Eng. Bot. 500; Woodv. Sup. t. 232; Don. Linn. Tr. xiii. 362; Curt. Fasc. i. t. 30; Gr. Fl. Eds. 93; With. ii. 536; Berwick Flora, 95; In Ravensworth woods near Mill Green, near Witton-le-Wear, and Finchall Abbey, D. — On Widehaugh banks near Hexham; also near Alnwick, in Scotswood dene, and on the banks near Wooler-haugh-head, N. Near Bavington. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the Heugh at Holy Island, and on Chapel hill, near Belford — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the banks of the rivulet opposite to Burn-house, near Simonburn, and at Barwesford by the road to Chipchase, N. — Wallis, 213;. In the wood above the Union bridge. — Dr. G. Johnston. In Swarland and Newton woods, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

5. S. tridactylites (Rue-leaved Saxifrage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 271; Eng. Bot. 501; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 28; Don. Tr. Linn. 441; Gr. Fl. Eds. 94; With. ii. 537; On walls at Eglestone, in Teesdale, on Boldon and Cleadon hills, and near Dalton field-houses, D. On walls near Barnardcastle and Darlington, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. Near Shewing-shields, and on Rat cheugh Crag, near Alnwick, N.

6. S. hypnoides (Mossy Saxifrage, or Ladies' Cushion)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 277; Eng. Bot. 454; Don. Linn. Tr. xiii. 447; With. ii. 539; Gr. Fl. Eds. 94; On rocks at Falcon-clint Scar, below Cauldron Snout, D. At the head of Cauledge-bourn, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

182. SCLERANTHUS

1. S. annuus (Annual Knawel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 282; Eng. Bot. 351; Hook. Fl. Scot. 133; Berwick Flora, 95; In dry fields and on walls, frequent.

2. S. perennis (Perennial Knawel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 283; Eng. Bot. 352; Hook. Fl. Scot. 133; With. ii. 540; On Durham moor.— Rev. J. Symons. Very different in appearance from the preceding species, though its decumbent mode of growth and clustered flowers, afford but trivial specific distinctions between them; I have never seen specimens gathered in the north of England; in the south it is not rare on sandy commons, such as Ryegate, in Surrey.

183. SAPONARIA

1. S. officinalis (Soapwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 284; Eng. Bot. 1060; Curt. Fasc. ii. 29; Woodv. t. 251; Gr. Fl. Eds. 95; With. ii. 541; On the banks of Tyne near Friar's Goose, and of Wear at Newbridge, near Chester-le-Street, and Low Lambton, D. By the Wear, half a mile below Finchall Abbey. — Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. Near Darlington. — Rev. J. Harriman. By the Tees at Croft Bridge, and at Middleton-one row, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

184. DIANTHUS

1. D. Armeria (Deptford Pink)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 286; Eng. Bot. 317; Hook. Lond. t. 134; Fl. Scot. 134; With. ii. 542; Sm. Tr. Linn. ii. 299; On Pallion ballast-hills above Sunderland, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

2. D. deltoides (Maiden Pink)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 288; Eng. Bot. 61; Tr. Linn, ii. 300; Gr. Fl. Eds. 95; With. ii. 543; Berwick Flora, 95; On Ratcheugh Crag near Alnwick, and on hedge banks between Wooler and Earl, N. In high pastures above Gunnerton Crags. — Mr. F. Scott. At Budle, Spindlestone, Great Bavington, and Hombleton. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the furze bank, in the Rectory glebe at Embleton, on Chapel-hill at Belford, on the banks of a rivulet at Swinburne Castle, and at Wooler-haugh-head.— Wallis, 215;. On crags at Craig mill. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA

185. SILENE

1. S. anglica (English Catchfly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 291; Eng. Bot. 1178; Curt. Lond. iv. t. 30; With. ii. 546; On Sunderland ballast-hills. — W. Weighell's Herb.

2. S. brachiata (Bladder Campion, or Catchfly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 292; Berwick Flora, 96; Hook. Fl. Scot. 134; Cucubalus Behen Eng. Bot. 164; With. ii. 545; In fields, pastures, and on the sea banks. This plant continues unaltered in its habit, when growing on the sea banks at Cullercoats, Newbiggin, and other places.

3. S. maritima (Sea Campion, or Catchfly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 293; Eng. Bot. 957; Berwick Flora, 96; With. ii. 548; S. amoena Lightfoot, 227; Hudson, 188; S. inflata Hook. Fl. Scot. 135; Gr. Fl. Eds. 96; On the sea coast at Whitburn, and on Fulwell hills, D. Near Hartley, and on Holy Island, N. On banks beyond Hudshead. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the Fern Islands, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Dr. Hooker considers this a variety of the preceding species.

4. S. conica (Striated Corn Catchfly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 294; Eng. Bot. 922; With. ii. 550; On Hebburn ballast-hills, D.— Mr. R. Waugh. On Willington ballast-hills, N.

5. S. noctiflora (Night-flowering Catchfly)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 295; Eng. Bot. 291; Hook. Fl. Scot. 135; With. ii. 550; In fields near Gateshead, Cleadon, Whitburn, and South Shields.

186. STELLARIA

1. S. nemorum (Wood Stitchwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 300; Eng. Bot. 92; With. ii. 551; Gr. Fl. Eds. 97; In Eglestone, Lambton, Cawsey, Beamish, and Ravensworth woods; and in hedges at Witton-le-Wear, and Baydales, near Darlington; also on the banks of Wear, at Chester-le-Street new bridge, D. Near Westonhope, Weardale, — W.C. Trevelyan Esq. In Cocken woods, D.— W. Weighell's Herb. On the island near Hazle-side stream, Alnwick.— Mr. J. Davison. By the brook at Simonburn, N. — Wallis, 215;.

2. S. media (Common Chickweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 301; Eng. Bot. 537; Hook. Fl. Scot. 135; Alsine media Curt. Fasc. i. t. 20; Hudson, 131; On cultivated ground, everywhere.

3. S. holostea (Greater Stichwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 301; Eng, Bot. 511; Curt. Fasc. ii. t. 30; Hook. Fl. Scot. 136; In woods and by hedges, frequent.

4. S. graminea (Lesser Stitchwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 302; Eng. Bot. 803; Hook. Fl. Scot. 136; Berwick Flora, 97; On heaths among bushes, not rare.

5. S. glauca (Glaucous Marsh Stitchwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 303; Eng. Bot. 825; Gr. Fl. Eds. 98; With. ii. 555; Berwick Flora, 97; At Rice Carr, near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Among furze at Prestwick Carr. — Mr. R.B. Bowman. By the side of a pond above Spindlestone, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. S. uliginosa (Bog Stitchwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 303; Eng. Bot. 1074; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 28; Hook. Fl. Scot. 136; By ditches, springs, and rivulets, frequent.

187. ARENARIA

1. A. peploides (Sea Chickweed, or Sandwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 306; Eng. Bot. 189; Hook. Fl. Scot. 137; With. ii. 557; Berwick Flora, 97; On the sands of the sea shore, frequent. Spittal sands near Berwick. — Dr. Thompson.

2. A. trinervis (Plantain-leaved Chickweed, or Sandwort)

3. A. serpyllifolia (Thyme-leaved Sandwort)

4. A. verna (Vernal Sandwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 309; Eng. Bot. 512; Gr. Fl. Eds. 99; With. ii. 559; Berwick Flora, 98; On old mine heaps in Allendale, N. On the banks of Tyne near Crow-hall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. Upon the wolds near Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, and on the moors in Weardale, D. On Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

5. A. rubra (Purple Sandwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 311; Eng. Bot. 852; Hook. Fl. Scot. 138; Berwick Flora, 98; In sandy fields and barren places.

6. A. marina (Sea Spurrey Sandwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 311; Eng. Bot. 958; Hook. Fl. Scot. 139; Berwick Flora, 98; A. rubra Hudson, 193; On the sandy sea coast, not rare.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA

188. SEDUM

1. S. Telephium (Orpine, or Live-long)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 315; Eng. Bot. 1319; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 25; Gr. Fl. Eds. 100; With, ii. 562; Berwick Flora, 98; By the road side near Urpeth, by hedges near Lanchester Ford, and near Durham, in Hag Crag wood near the High Force, and on Falconclint Scar, Teesdale, D. By the mill at Shincliffe, and wood at Butterby, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On the banks of Tyne below Paradise near Elswick, and on hedge banks near Hexham, N. Near Belsay, — Miss Emma Trevelyan. On Banks between Simonburn and Nunwick, also at Rodham, N. — Wallis, 174;.

2. S. anglicum (White English Stonecrop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 317; Eng. Bot. 171; Hook. Fl. Scot. 140; With. ii. 505; Berwick Flora, 99; On the Heugh and about the Castle at Holy Island, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants; observed also by Dr. G. Johnston. A rare visitant on the north-east coast of England, though frequent on the west.

3. S. acre (Biting Stonecrop, Wall Pepper)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 317; Eng. Bot. 839; Berwick Flora, 99; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 32; Woodv. Sup. t. 231; Hook. Fl. Scot. 140; On walls and in sandy places, particularly near the sea coast. There is a variety among the rocks on the brink of Crag Lake, hardly to be distinguished, but by the cauline leaves in the time of flowering, which then appear in an imbricated six-fold series on the stalks. — Wallis, 175;. Can this be Sedum sexangulare?

4. S. villosum (Hairy Stonecrop)

Sm. Eng, Fl. ii. 319; Eng. Bot. 394; Gr. Fl. Eds. 101; With. ii. 563; Berwick Flora, 99; By the Whey Syke in Teesdale Forest, and near Widdy Bank by the road that leads to Harwood Chase; also by ditches near Burtree Ford, Weardale, D. By rivulets both at the foot of Cheviot, and running into the Coquet near the mill, south-east of Rothbury, N. Near Great Bavington. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. On Basaltic heights between Belford and Bamborough, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

5. S. album (White Stonecrop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 319; Eng. Bot. 1578; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 31; With. ii. 564; Hook. Fl. Scot. 140; On the Abbey Bridge near Barnardcastle, D.— Mr. E. Robson. Probably naturalized there.

6. S. reflexum (Crooked Yellow Stonecrop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 320; Eng. Bot. 695; Hook. Fl. Scot. 141; Berwick Flora, 99; On walls and roofs of houses near Wycliffe and Witton-le-Wear, D. On rocks at Cocken, D. — Rev. J. Symons. On walls at Crook-oak and the ruins of Alnwick Abbey, N. On old walls at Lipwood, near Haydon-bridge, and on rocks at Tecket Waterfall. — Wallis, 174;. On the dyke at Kyloe Manse and at Easington, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. S. rupestre (St. Vincent's Rock Stonecrop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 321; Eng. Bot. 170; With. ii. 566; On walls about Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. Certainly not indigenous. On precipices on the western Borders, by the rivulet of Irthing, near Wardrew Spa, N.— Wallis 175;. I suspect this to be a mistake.

189. OXALIS

1. O. Acetosella (Common Wood-sorrel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 323; Eng. Bot. 762; Berwick Flora, 99; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 31; Hook. Fl. Scot. 141; With. ii. 567; α as In woods and shady places; β in Ravensworth woods, D. In woods about Hexham, N. — Wallis, 200;.

190. AGROSTEMMA

1. A. Githago (Corn Cockle)

191. LYCHNIS

1. L. Flos Cuculi (Ragged Robin, Meadow Lychni)

2. L. diurna (Red Campion)

Sibthorp, 145; Sym. Syn. 112; Berwick Flora, 100; L. dioica Eng. Bot. 1579; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 32; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 328; With. ii. 569; Hook. Fl. Scot. 142; In hedges, woods, and denes, frequent.

3. L. vespertina (White Campion)

Sibthorp, 146; Sym. Syn. 112; Berwick Flora, 100; L. sylvestris Lindley, 47; L. dioica Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 328; Eng. Bot. 1580; With. ii. 569; γ Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 329; flowers flesh-coloured; In hedges and fields, seldom in woods. Both Lychnis diurna and Lychnis vespertina are occasionally found with hermaprodite flowers, particularly the variety γ of Smith.

192. CERASTIUM

1. C. vulgatum (Broad-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 330; Eng. Bot. 789; Lightfoot, 240; Berwick Flora, 101; C. viscosum Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 35; Hudson, 200; On walls and dry banks, but not very common near Newcastle, N. and D. In the bed of Wooler Water, and on dykes at Earl, N. — Dr. Thompson.

2. C. viscosum (Narrow-leaved Mouse-ear Chick-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 330; Eng. Bot. 790; Lightfoot, 240; Berwick Flora, 101; C. vulgatum Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 34; Hudson, 200; On walls and in pastures, very common.

3. C. semidecandrum (Little Mouse-ear Chick-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 331; Eng. Bot. 1630; Berwick Flora, 101; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 33; Hook. Fl. Scot. 143; C. pumilum Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 30; With. ii. 574; α On walls and sandy ground, not rare; β on walls at the Long Bank, near Gateshead Fell, D. On walls at Tynemouth, and in Gallowgate, Newcastle, N.

4. C. tetrandrum (Four-cleft Mouse-ear Chick-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 332; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 31; Berwick Flora, 101; Hook. Fl. Scot. 143; Sagina cerastoides Eng. Bot. 166; With. ii. 299; On the banks at Tynemouth, near the Spanish Battery, and on the links at Hartley, Bamborough, and Holy Island, N. On the links below Scremmerston, — Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the Fern Islands and Spittal Links, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. On walls about Hartlepool, and on the coast at Shields Law, Whitburn, and near Sunderland north Pier, D.

5. C. arvense (Field Chick-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 333; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 29; Eng. Bot. 93; With. ii. 573; Gr. Fl. Eds. 104; Berwick Flora, 102; At Friar's Goose near Gateshead, on dry banks and heaths near Darlington, on Fulwell hills, Marsden Rocks, and near Chester Bridge, D. On banks near the Chain Bridge over the Tweed, at Horncliffe, and near Coldstream, and on St. Peter's Quay, N., where it was observed by WilsonSee Syn. 232. Near King's Mount Bastion, and Castle Bank, Berwick. — Dr. Thompson. On Spittal and Scremmerston Links. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Alnwick Moor. — Mr. J. Davison. Near Walk on Tweed, N.— Lightfoot, i. 241.

6. C. aquaticum (Water Mouse-ear Chickweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 335; Eng. Bot. 538; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 34; Hook. Fl. Scot. 144; With. ii. 575; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

193. SPERGULA

1. S. arvensis (Corn Spurrey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 336; Eng. Bot. 1535; Berwick Flora, 102; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 31; Hook. Fl. Scot. 144; β S. pentandraEng. Bot. 1536; α In corn fields, frequent. β on the sea coast south of Sunderland, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

2. S. nodosa (Knotted Spurrey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 338; Eng. Bot. 694; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 34; Hook. Fl. Scot. 145; With. ii. 576; Berwick Flora, 102; In bogs near Urpeth, near Fulwell-gate, and at Allansford, D. At Prestwick Carr, and Willington Quay, on the links at Bamborough, and by the Lough at Holy Island, N. At the east end of Bromley Lake, N. — Wallis, 214;. On Goswick Links, N.— Dr. Thompson.

3. S. subulata (Fringed All-shaped Spurrey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 339; Eng. Bot. 1082; With. ii. 576; Berwick Flora, 103; Hook. Fl. Scot. 145; S. laricina Lightfoot, 244; Hudson, 203; S. saginoides Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 35; On Spindlestone and Easington rocks, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. On Whinneyfield Bank by Cullercoats near Tynemouth, N.— Lawson, Dill. Ray's Syn. 345;

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA

194. ASARUM

1. A. europaeum (Common Asarabacca)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 342; Eng. Bot. 1083; Woodv. t. 86; Hook. Fl. Scot. 146; At Middleton, near Alnwick, N. — Miss Forster, delin. Probably not originally indigenous.

195. LYTHRUM

1. L. Salicaria (Spiked Purple Loosestrife)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 343; Eng. Bot. 1061; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 28; Hook. Fl. Scot. 147; Berwick Flora, 105; On the banks of rivers and streams, by no means rare, N. and D. In the mill race in Heaton Dene, below Sandyford, N. On the banks of Tweed above Norham. — Dr. G. Johnston.

DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA

196. AGRIMONIA

1. A. Eupatoria (Common Agrimony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 346; Eng. Bot. 1335; Woodv. Sup. t. 258; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 32; Hook. Fl. Scot. 147; Berwick Flora, 105; In meadows, and on the borders of corn fields, but not very common.

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA

197. RESEDA

1. R. Luteola (Dyer's-weed, Yellow-weed, or Weld)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 347; Eng. Bot. 320; Hook. Fl. Scot. 147; Berwick Flora, 105; With. ii. 585; On the banks of hedges, and the rubbish about old coal pits, frequent.

2. R. lutea (Wild Mignonette, or Base Rocket)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 348; Eng. Bot. 321; With. ii. 586; Gr. Fl. Eds. 105; β Dill. Ray's Syn. 366. α At the Salt Meadows below Gateshead, and between South Shields, and Monkwearmouth, D. By road sides near Hartley, Cullercoats, and Tynemouth, N. β on the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

DODECANDRIA DODECAGYNIA

198. SEMPERVIVUM

1. S. tectorum (Common Houseleek)

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA

199. PRUNUS

1. P. Padus (Bird Cherry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 354; Eng. Bot. 1383; With. iii. 598; Gr. Fl. Eds. 137; Berwick Flora, 108; In woods and hedges, frequent. In woods about Hound Wood and Benton Inn, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. P. Cerasus (Wild Cherry-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 354; Eng. Bot. 706; Berwick Flora, 109; Gr. Fl. Eds. 108; With. iii. 599; Ray's Syn. 2nd ed., 302; P. avium With. iii. 600; α In woods and hedges, N. and D. Near Flemington, N. — Dr. G. Johnston, γ on the banks of Tees about Barnardcastle. — Johnson in Ray. At Chowden, near Gateshead Fell, D. δ in woods about Darlington, D. — Rev. J. Symons.

3. P. domestica (Wild Plumb-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 355; Eng. Bot. 1783; Woodv. t. 85; Gr. Fl. Eds. 108; With. ii. 600; In hedges near Morpeth and Alnwick, N. In the neighbourhood of Urpeth, D. Near Witton Gilbert, D. — Rev. J. Symons. Probably not originally indigenous in the north of England.

4. P. insititia (Wild Bullace-tree)

Sm. Eng, Fl. ii. 356; Eng. Bot. 841; With. iii. 600; Gr. Fl. Eds. 108; In Ryehope Dene, and in hedges between Durham and Chester-le-Street, D.

5. P. spinosa (Sloe-tree, Black-thorn)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 357; Eng. Bot. 842; Woodv. t. 84; Hook. Fl. Scot. 151; Berwick Flora, 109; In hedges and thickets.

ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA

200. MESPILUS

1. M. Oxyacantha (Hawthorn, White-thorn, May)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 359; Eng. Bot. 2504; Berwick Flora, 109; Crataegus Oxyacantha Hook. Fl. Scot. 151; Crataegus monogyna Sibth. 156; In woods and hedges, everywhere.

201. PYRUS

1. P. communis (Wild Pear-tree, Iron Pear)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 301; Eng. Bot. 1784; With. iii. 607; In hedges near Cocken, D.— W. Weighell's Herb. Probably not truly indigenous.

2. P. Malus (Wild Apple-tree, Crab-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 362; Eng. Bot. 179; Hook. Fl. Scot. 151; Berwick Flora, 110; In woods, denes, and hedges, common.

3. P. aucuparia (Mountain Ash, Quicken-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 364; Hook. Fl. Scot. 151; Berwick Flora, 110; Sorbus aucuparia Eng. Bot. 337; With. iii. 604; In woods and plantations, common. Near the High Force, and Winch Bridge in Teesdale, D; and at the foot of Cheviot. N. Certainly wild.

4. P. Aria (White Beam-tree, White Wild Pear-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 365; Eng. Bot. 1858; Gr. Fl. Eds. 110; Crataegus Aria With. iii. 602; P. pinnatifida Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 365; Eng. Bot. 2331; P. hybrida Fl. Brit. 534; α Castle Eden Dene, on rocks of Magnesian Limestone, and near Winch Bridge, Teesdale, on Encrinal Limestone and Basalt, D. β in plantations. A variety usually raised by cultivation, and called the Bastard Mountain Ash.

202. SPIRIA

1. S. salicifolia (Willow-leaved Spiraea)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 367; Eng. Bot. 1468; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152; With. iii. 609; Naturalized in woods at Wallington, and by Roadley Lake, N. In Gibside Woods near the Chapel, D; but not indigenous as Dr. Smith was erroneously informed. — See Eng. Fl. ii. p. 369.

2. S. Filipendula (Common Dropwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 368; Eng. Bot. 284; With. iii. 610; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152; At Baydales, and Conniscliffe near Darlington, and in Byer's Quarry field near Whitburn, D. In Crag Close near Barwesford, N. This plant flourishes both on the Magnesian and Encrinal Limestone.

3. S. Ulmaria (Meadow-sweet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 368; Eng. Bot. 960; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 33; Berwick Flora, 110; On the banks of rivers and in moist meadows, frequent.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA

203. ROSA

1. R. rubella (Red-fruited Dwarf Rose)

Eng. Bot. 2521 and 2601; Fruit f.3; With. iii. 613; Sm. Com. 78; Woods, Linn. Trans. xii. 177; Lindley, Mon. 40; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 374; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed., No. 1, App; Hook. Br. Fl. 225; Fruit oval, somewhat bristly. Flower stalks, bristly. Stem spreading, clothed with straight slender spines. Leaflets elliptical, smooth, singly serrated. Segments of the calyx entire.Flowers white tinged with pink. Fruit, when ripe, pear-shaped, scarlet, and pendant. Calyx permanent. On the sands of the sea coast near South Shields, D., mixed with the dwarf variety of the Burnet Rose. rare July 17, 1797. This shrub appears a link between Rosa spinosissima and Rosa alpina the latter of which it greatly resembles in habit. It is not Rosa pimpinellifolia of the Swiss Botanists, as Mr. Woods conjectures; for, by a specimen procured from Schleicher, that plant appears to be Rosa spinosissima Nor is it Rosa spinosissima var. 3, of Withering, as I am assured by that gentleman.

2. R. spinosissima (Burnet Rose)

Eng. Bot. t. 187; With. iii. 612; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 2, App; Berwick Flora, 111; Hook. Br. Fl. 226; Fl. Scot. 154; Gr. Fl. Eds. 111; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 178; Lindley Mon. 50; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 375; R. pimpinellifolia Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed., 1062; Schleicher's Catalogue, 24; γ pusilla Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 179; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 376; Fruit globose, smooth as well as the flower stalks. Stem clothed with numerous straight slender spines. Leaflets singly serrated, smooth and round.Flowers yellowish white. Fruit first reddish brown, as coloured in English Botany, and then turning black. Calyx permanent.Flower stalks short. Fruit large, depressed. The Burnet Rose is a shrub of a very diminutive growth on the sea beach (var. γ), but rises to a tall bush in woods and hedges distant from the coast. It is not very common, but occasionally to be found even in our sub-alpine vallies; and in the woods bordering the Lakes of Cumberland and Westmoreland. It may be met with about Newcastle, Corbridge, the Crag Lake, and on the coast at Holy Island, N. At Hebburn Quay, on the links near South Shields, at Norton; also in Weardale and Teesdale, D.

3. R. gracilis (Tall Bristly Rose)

Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 186; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 379; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 4, App; R. villosa Eng. Bot. t. 583; R. Sabini Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 188; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 380; Lindley Mon. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 155; Gr. Fl. Eds. 112; Hook. Br. Fl. 229; Eng. Bot. 2594; R. Doniana Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 185; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 378; Eng. Bot. 2601; R. nivalis Hort. Cant. 7th ed., 155; R. involuta Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 3, App; R. involuta Eng. Bot. 2068; Fl. Brit. ii. 398; With iii. 613; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 183; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 380; Hook. Fl. Scot. 154; Br. Fl. 229; Flower stalks bristly, generally bracteated. Branches, fruit and calyx bristly. Leaflets doubly serrated, hairy on both sides.Flowers pink; generally one, but sometimes two or three together. Petals yellowish at the base. Fruit globular scarlet. Calyx permanent, entire. α At Baydales, near Darlington, D. β in Heaton Dene, below Benton Bridge, and near Goldspink Hall, N. Near Middleton-one-Row, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse. In α gracilis the large prickles are somewhat falcate; this is all the difference I can observe in the plants growing between Keswick and Lorton, from which Woods drew up his specific character, and β Sabini the variety found in Heaton Dene. We have not the elegant white variety with red glands, abundant.in Ennerdale. With γ involuta I am acquainted by specimens and plants procured on the shores of Arran by the late Mr. G. Don. It is merely a dwarf variety from growing on the sands of the sea coast, as is the case with Rosa spinossissima and its petals are occasionally involute, which in dry situations happens to most other roses.

4. R. villosa (Soft-leaved round-fruited Rose)

R. villosa Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 189; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed. No. 5 App; Hook. Br. Fl. 230; With. iii. 612; Var. 2, Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 311; R. villosa Fl. Brit. ii. 538; R. mollis Eng. Bot. t. ii. 459; Winch, Geog. of Plants, 1st ed., 42; Lindley, Br. Syn. 100; R. tomentosa Lindley, Mon. 77; Hook. Fl. Scot. 156; R. villosa β, mollissima Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1070; Fruit globose, half as long as the segments of the calyx, bristly as well as the flower-stalks. Prickles of the stem straight. Leaflets elliptic, ovate, downy on both sides. Calyx permanent.Very common about Newcastle, in hedges and woods. When this shrub grows on a sterile soil, or in a bleak exposed situation, it assumes the stunted habit and full red flower, as delineated in Eng. Bot. t. ii. 459; . The fruit varies from smoothness to a considerable degree of roughness. Rosa villosa of Dr. Swartz and other foreign botanists, is the Apple Rose of our gardens, which I believe is not indigenous in Britain. Its fruit is very large, and leaves pointed.

5. R. tomentosa (Downy-leaved Dog Rose)

Eng. Bot. t. 990; With. iii. 615; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 383; Berwick Flora, 111; Hook. Br. Fl. 231; Flowers bright red, paler at the base. In woods and hedges about Newcastle, by no means rare.

6. R. scabriuscula (Rough-leaved Dog Rose)

Eng. Bot. t. 1896; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 193; Sm. Compend. 78; With. iii. 615; Berwick Flora, 111; R. tomentosa Hook. Br. Fl. 231; R. tomentosa Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 383; Fruit red. Bristles on the fruit and flower-stalks ending in minute glands; but there is a variety with smooth fruit. Leaflets are more pointed than represented in Eng. Bot. and covered with a hoary, velvety down. In hedges near Benwell (1797), Paradise, Scotswood, Fenham, Jesmond, Ponteland, and Heaton Dene, N. Near Ravensworth, the High and Low Team, and Tanfield, D. Near Wallington.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On the banks of Tweed, above the Union Bridge, and in hedges Near Berwick, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. The buds are peculiarly handsome when sufficiently expanded to shew the bright red tints with which the outer edge of the snow-white petals is marked. Probably Sir J.E. SMITH is right in considering this rose a variety of Rosa tomentosa but I shall let it stand as a species, till the contrary be proved by sowing its seeds.

7. R. Eglanteria (Sweet Briar)

Huds. Fl. Ang. 218; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 206; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 8, App; R. rubiginosa Eng. Bot. 991; With. iii. 616; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 385; Lindley, Mon. 86; Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; Gr. Fl. Eds. 113; Hook. Br. Fl. 234; Berwick Flora, 112; Flower pale red, fruit scarlet. ln hedges near the Friar's Goose and Hebburn Hall, also on rocks below Westoe, D. In Rocoe Lane near Monkwearmouth. — Rev. J. Symons. Near High Conniscliffe.— Mr. Janson. In Raby Park, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse. On the edge of the military road by the twelfth mile stone, also on the north side of the Coquet at Warkworth, almost opposite the church, N.— Wallis, 143;. Naturalized about Scremmerston and Broom House.— Dr. G. Johnston.

8. R. Borreri (Downy-stalked Dog Rose)

Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 210; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 9, App; R. dumetorum Eng. Bot. t. 2579; Sm. Compend. 79; With. iii. 618; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 388; R. inodora Hook. Br. Fl. 233; R. rubiginosa inodora Hook. Fl. Lond. t. 117; ς Lindley Mon. 88; Fruit scarlet, ovate. Petals pale pink, yellowish at the base. In a hedge on Friar's Goose Quay, probably brought with ballast from the south of England. This rose is accurately delineated in the English Botany, but the calyx remains long on the fruit. Like Rosa canina it frequently throws out long leading shoots, which soon overtop the bunches of flowers. In all likelihood Lindley was not in error in making it a variety of the Eglantine.

9. R. dumetorum (Thicket Rose)

Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 217; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 392; Lam. and De Cand. Fl. Fr. iv. 534; Eng. Bot. 2610; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed., No. 11, App; R. caesia Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 389; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 212; Eng. Bot. 2367; Hook. Br. Fl. 239; R. canina Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; R. bractescens Woods, Linn. Trans. xii. 216; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 391; Bracteas serrated, pointed and leafy, longer than the flower-stalks, which are short and stout, sometimes four or five together. Tube of the calyx roundish. Segments pinnate, permanent. Flowers pale red. Styles prominent, hairy. Stigmas forming a round head. Fruit, red, globular. In Heaton Dene, and hedges near Sandyford, N. Between Middleton and Langley Ford, N., and near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. R. canina (Common Dog Rose)

Eng. Bot. 992; Fl. Brit. ii. 540; With. ii. 617; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 223; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 394; Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; Gr. Fl. Eds. 113; Berwick Flora, 113; R. Forsteri (Downy-ribbed Dog Rose) Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 392; Eng. Bot. 2611; Berwick Flora, 113; R. collina Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 219; R. canina Hook. Br. Fl. 236; Flowers pale pink, clustered, soon out-topped by the leading shoots of the shrub. Fruit scarlet, oval. Calyx deciduous. Leaves dark shining green. The young shoots very strong, armed with large hooked prickles.Ribs of the leaflets hairy. α In every hedge. β Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

11. R. sarmentacea (Glaucous-leaved Dog Rose)

R. sarmentacea Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 213; Swartz. MSS; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 390; Eng. Bot. 2595; Berwick Flora, 112; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 13, App; R. canina Hook. Br. Fl. 236; R. glaucophylla Winch, Geog. Pl., 1st ed., 45; With. iii. 619; In every hedge near Newcastle, both in Northumberland and Durham. This is a much slenderer, though less trailing Briar than Rosa canina its flowers pale pink, growing in pairs or single, and its fruit large. It also further differs in habit, by not having young shoots sprouting beyond the blossoms, so as to give them the appearance of being axillary; and from Rosa sentriosa of Acharius (Stockholm Transactions) in the fruit being ovate, not globular. The leaves of the shrub are glaucous — peculiarly so in the spring of the year; and with reluctance I relinquish the name given to it in the first edition of the Geog. of Plants, for the less appropriate one of my late friend, Dr. Swartz. This rose stands exactly in the same predicament as R. scabriuscula and I leave it as a species till ascertained to be a variety of R. canina to which, it must be owned, it bears a strong resemblance.

12. R. arvensis (White-trailing Dog Rose)

Eng. Bot. t. 188; Fl. Brit. ii. 538; With. iii. 611; Woods, Linn, Trans, xii. 232; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii 396; Lindley, Mon. 112; Hook. Fl. Scot. 158; Gr. Fl. Eds. 114; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 14, App; Hook. Br. Fl. 241; Var. β Hudson, 219 with only one flower; Flowers white. Germen oblong. Fruit globose, deep red, terminated by the simple base of the styles. Calyx deciduous. Stems glaucous, sometimes the colour of mahogany. In woods and hedges at Friar's Goose, near Gateshead, at Cocken, and between Norton and Sadberge, also near Marsden, D. At St. Anthon's, and in Elswick Dene near Newcastle, N. Between Broom House and Haggerstone, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. The foreign Botanists do not seem to be well acquainted with this species, some of them considering it the same as Rosa sempervirens from which it is easily distinguished by the more oval form and colour of its leaves, and the calyx being quite smooth. From Dr. Swartz I have received specimens of a rose named Rosa arvensis but which resembled a small variety of Rosa canina and is Rosa agrestis of Schleicher's Catalogue of Swiss Plants. The Ayrshire Rose, which may frequently be seen trained against walls, is scarcely a variety. When the plant grows upon a poor soil, and is weak, its flowers are not clustered, and it then becomes the var. β of Hudson's Flora Anglica and Ray's Synopsis.

204. RUBUS

1. R. fruticosus (Common Bramble)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 399; Eng. Bot. 715; With. ii. 622; Gr. Fl. Eds. 115; Berwick Flora, 114; In hedges, but not very common.

2. R. glandulosus (Glandular Bramble)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 403; Berwick Flora, 114; R. Kohleri Eng. Bot. 2605; In Heaton Dene and hedges near Jesmond, N, not rare. Hedges near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. R. idaeus (Raspberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 407; Eng. Bot. 2442; Woodv. t. 138; With. iii. 620; Hook. Fl. Scot. 159; Berwick Flora, 114; In denes, woods, and by rivulets, not uncommon, N. and D. Among the Cheviot mountains, N. On Alnwick Moor, near Brislie Tower. — Mr. J. Davison. By the brook below Tecket, N. — Wallis, 143;.

4. R. corylifolius (Hazel-leaved Bramble)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 408; Eng. Bot. 827; Hook. Fl. Scot. 160; With. iii. 621; Berwick Flora, 114; R. vulgaris Lindley, Br. Syn. 93; The most common bramble in Northumberland and Durham. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnson. In woods and sheltered denes this shrub becomes almost an evergreen, and is then Rubus macrophyllus of Lindley's Synopsis, 93, and the Eng. Bot. t. 2625.

5. R. caesius (Dew-berry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 409; Eng. Bot. 826; Hook. Fl. Scot. 160; With. iii. 620; Berwick Flora, 114; In woods, hedges, and denes, but not common. On the banks of Tweed, beyond Ord Mill.— Dr. Thompson. The double-flowered variety, in Tecket wood, by the path leading westward from the Rectory Dene Simonburn, N.— Wallis, 144;.

6. R. saxatilis (Stone Bramble)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 410; Eng. Bot. 2233; Gr. Fl. Eds. 115; With. iii. 623; In Castle Eden Dene, on the banks of Tees at the High Force, in Hown's Wood near Butsfield, and near Eglestone and Middleton, D. In Allendale, on the banks of Irthing, and on the rocks at Shewing Shields, N. In plantations north of Wallington, and about Hartburn banks.— Miss Emma Trevelyan. Near Whinetly Mill, at West Dibden, Hexhamshire, N.— Wallis, 144;.

7. R. Chamaemorus (Mountain Bramble, or Cloudberry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 412; Eng. Bot. 716; Gr. Fl. Eds. 115; Hook. Lond. t. 136; With. ii. 624; Berwick Flora, 115; On Knoutberry Fell near Eglestone, D. In mosses above Allen Heads, on Kilhope Law, Hedgehope, and Cheviot, N. Above Knaresdale and Coan Wood, N. — Mr. J. Thompson. On Simonside, N.— Miss Emma Trevelyan. On Cronkley Fell in Teesdale.

205. FRAGARIA

1. F. vesca (Wood Strawberry)

2. F. calycina (Calycene Strawberry)

Lindley, Br. Syn. 96; F. grandiflora Thuil. i. 254; F. vesca Lam. and De Cand. Fl. Fr. iv. 468; Hook. Br. Fl. 250; Loiseleur In Northumberland. — Lindley. I know nothing of this strawberry.

206. POTENTILLA

1. P. fruticosa (Shrubby Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 416; Eng. Bot. 88; With. iii. 626; Ray's Syn. 256; On the banks of Tees at Eglestone Abbey, at Winch Bridge, and at the High Force, Teesdale, D., where it was observed in Ray's time by Mr. Lawson. The banks of Tees is the only part of the kingdom where this ornamental shrub grows wild, except in a ravine called the Devil's Sledge-gate in Wastdale Screes, in Cumberland; it was there detected by Mr. Bicheno.

2. P. anserina (Silver-weed, Wild Tansey)

3. P. argentea (Hoary Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 418; Eng. Bot. 89; With. iii. 628; Gr. Fl. Eds. 116; Between Sunderland and South Shields, and on Sunderland ballast-hills, D. Near Beaufront, Hexham, N.

4. P. alpestris (Orange Alpine Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 418; Hook. Br. Fl. 252; P. aurea Eng. Bot. 561; Hook. Fl. Scot. 163; With. ii. 630; On basaltic rocks at Winch Bridge, and near the Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. Near Corbridge Mill, N.

5. P. verna (Spring Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 420; Eng. Bot. 37; Gr. Fl. Eds. 117; With. ii. 630; Berwick Flora, 116; On Spindlestone hills, N— Dr. G. Johnston.

6. P. reptans (Common Creeping Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 423; Eng. Bot. 862; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 37; Woodv. t. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 163; Berwick Flora, 116; By way sides and in pastures.

7. P. Fragariastrum (Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 425; Berwick Flora, 116; P. Fragaria Gr. Fl. Eds. 116; Fragaria sterilis Eng. Bot. 1785; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 30; On hedge banks and in dry pastures.

207. TORMENTILLA

1. T. officinalis (Common Tormentil, or Septfoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 427; Eng. Bot. 863; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 35; Hook. Fl. Scot. 164; Berwick Flora, 116; T. erecta Woodv. t. 9; Hudson, 225; Potentilla Tormentilla Gr. Fl. Eds. 116; On heaths, and barren pastures.

2. T. reptans (Trailing Tormentil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 428; Eng. Bot. 864; Hook. Fl. Scot. 164; With. iii. 632; Berwick Flora, 116; Potentilla procumbens Gr. Fl. Eds. 117; In the lane leading to Lumley Ford, D. — Rev. J. Symons. On a bank about a hundred yards west from Anick Grange, on the north side of the lane that leads to Hexham, N.— Wallis, 199;.

208. GEUM

1. G. urbanum (Common Avens, Herb Bennet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 429; Eng. Bot. 1400; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t.36; Hook. Fl. Scot. 165; Berwick Flora, 117; Woodv. Supp. 259; G. intermedium With. iii. 634; G. rivale β, Sm. Fl. Brit. 555; G. urbanum Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 429; not rare; β in Scotswood and Heaton Denes, N. Near Norton, and in woods at the Friar's Goose below Gateshead, also near Saltwellside, D. Near St. Helen's Well by Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson. In the vicinity of Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. G. rivale (Water Avens)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 430; Eng. Bot. 106; Berwick Flora, 117; Hook. Fl, Scot. 165; proliferus With. iii. 634; G. rivale Sm. Fl. Brit. 555; α In damp woods and by the sides of rivulets; β in woods on the Irthing, near Wardrew, N. At Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Castle Eden Dene, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

209. DRYAS

1. D. octopetala (Mountain Avens)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 432; Eng. Bot. 451; Hook. Fl. Scot. 165; With. iii. 635; Near the Black Ark on Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

210. COMARUM

1. C. palustre (Marsh Cinquefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 433; Eng. Bot. 172; Hook. Fl. Scot. 165; With. iii. 635; Berwick Flora, 117; In bogs, frequent.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA

211. CHELIDONIUM

1. C. majus (Celandine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 4; Eng. Bot. 1581; Woodv. Sup. t. 263; With. iii. 630; Hook. Fl. Scot. 167; Berwick Flora, 119; In hedges near farm houses and villages.

212. GLAUCIUM

1. G. luteum (Yellow Horned-Poppy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 6; Hook. Lond. t. 56; Gr. Fl. Eds. 119; Berwick Flora, 119; Chelidonium Glaucium Eng. Bot. 8; C. luteum With. iii. 640; A sea-side plant, but now completely naturalized on the ballast-bills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. On Wellington ballast-hills, N., where Wallis observed it. At Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

213. PAPAVER

1. P. hybridum (Mongrel Poppy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 9; Eng. Bot. 43; With. iii. 642; In corn fields on the Magnesian Limestone about Whitburn, Cleadon, Fulwell, and Sunderland, D. Near Alnwick, D.— Miss Forster, delin. This plant is not mentioned in the Flora Scotica.

2. P. Argemone (Long Rough, headed Poppy)

3. P. dubium (Long Smooth-headed Poppy)

4. P. Rhoeas (Common Red Poppy, Corn Rose)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 11; Eng. Bot. 645; Berwick Flora, 120; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. 32; Woodv. t. 186; Hook. Fl. Scot. 168; β Var. flore albo. α In corn fields, common. β near Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq.

5. P. somniferum (White Poppy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 11; Eng. Bot. 2145; Woodv. t. 185; Hook. Fl. Scot. 168; With. iii. 645; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Seaton. — Mr. J. Backhouse; and Norton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. A native of the Levant, with but slight claim to be enumerated as an English plant.

214. NYMPHAEA

1. N. alba (White Water-lily)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 14; Eng. Bot. 160; Hook. Lond. t. 140; With. iii. 647; Gr. Fl. Eds. 120; In Greenley and Broomley Lakes, near Shewing Shields, N. In Grinden Lake.— Wallis, 238;. Naturalized in the ponds at Wallington, N.

215. NUPHAR

1. N. lutea (Common Yellow Water-lily)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 15; Hook. Lond. t. 141; Fl. Scot. 169; Berwick Flora, 120; Nymphaea lutea Eng. Bot. 159; With. iii. 646; N. pumila (Least Yellow Water-lily) Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 16; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 151; Hook. Lond. t. 165; N. minima Eng. Bot. 2292; N. Kalmiana Hook. Fl. Scot. 169; Nymphaea lutea With. iii. 647; α. In the Pont, Ouse Burn, and in ponds at Widehaugh, near Dilston, also in the Loughs near Shewing Shields: naturalized in ponds at Wallington, N. In ponds at Park House, and in the Skerne near Darlington, D. Near NortonJ. Hogg, Esq. β in Chartner's Lough, on the Wallington moors, N.— Sir John Trevelyan, Bart. Some years since the Least Yellow Water-lily was transplanted from the Sub-alpine moors into the ponds at Wallington, where it now scarcely differs from the common Water-lily; in both varieties, at least I consider them as such, the stigma is entire when young, but becomes toothed as it grows older.

216. TILIA

1. T. europaea (Lime-tree, Linden-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 17; Eng. Bot. 610; Lightfoot, 280; In woods and plantations, scarcely indigenous.

2. T. grandifolia (Broad-leaved Downy Lime-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 18; Hook. Br. Fl. 259; T. europaea Sm. Fl. Br. 571; At Wallington, N.−W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Probably planted there.

3. T. parvifolia (Small-leaved Lime-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 20; Hook. Br. Fl. 259; Eng. Bot. 1705; T. europaea Sm. Fl. Brit. 571, var. 2; With. iii. 648; At Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Probably planted there.

217. CISTUS

1. C. marifolius (Hoary Dwarf Cistus)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 23; Eng. Bot. 396; With. iii. 649; Hook. Lond. t. 171; Davies' Welsh Bot. 53; Helianthemum canum Lindley, Br. Syn. 36; Hook. Br. Fl. 257; Near the Black Ark on Cronkley Fell, Teesdale; its northern limits.

2. C. Helianthemum (Common Dwarf Cistus)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 26; Eng. Bot. 1321; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 36; With. iii. 651; Hook. Fl. Scot. 170; Berwick Flora, 120; Helianthemum vulgare Hook. Br. Fl. 258; On limestone hills at the Lizards, and near Sunderland, also in Castle Eden Dene, and at Winch Bridge in Teesdale, D. On the moor to the north of Hartlepool, and in Close Wood, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On the banks of Tyne at Whitley Point, by the road side near Walbottle Dene, on the Basaltic rocks and on the Roman wall at Shewing Shields, above Crag Lake (C. marifolius of Wallis, 208;), near Warden Mills, at Dunstanborough, and on the Heugh at Holy Island, N. East side of the bridge at Barwesford, near Chipchase. — Wallis, 208;. On the Chapel Hill at Belford, and on Basaltic heights between it and Bamborough, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants.

POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA

218. DELPHINIUM

1. D. Consolida (Field Larkspur)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 30; Eng. Bot. 1839; With. iii. 655; Hook. Br. Fl. 261; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. In a clover field near the Lough on Holy Island, N; probably introduced from the Continent. In corn fields at Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq. In a limestone quarry near Bishopwearmouth, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Not truly indigenous in the north of England, nor mentioned in the Flora Scotica by Hooker.

POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA

219. AQUILEGIA

1. A. vulgaris (Common Columbine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 33; Eng. Bot. 297; With. iii. 657; Gr. Fl. Eds. 121; A. alpina Hudson, 235; By the Ousebourn in Heaton Dene (probably the outcast of a garden), and on the banks of the river Derwent near Allans ford, N. In Willington Dene, by the path from Wallsend, and in Dilston Park near Hexham, N. — Wallis, 165;. In the dene below Dalton-le-Dale, near Middleton-in-Teesdale, at Baydales near Darlington, in Castle Eden Dene, by Pontburn near Medomsley, and at Barley Haugh near Ebchester, D. In Hesledon Dene and in Portrack Lane, half way to Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. So truly distinct did the Columbine in its wild state, appear to Hudson from the cultivated variety that he mistook it for Aquilegia alpina of Linnaeus. His Aquilegia vulgaris I suspect, must have been intended for the garden plant which is not rare in the south of England, but generally found in the vicinity of cottages.

220. STRATIOTES

1. S. aloides (Water Aloe, Water-soldier)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 34; Eng. Bot. 379; With. iii. 657; Hook. Fl. Scot. 171; Naturalized in the ponds at Wallington and north of Cambo, N. Brought from the south of England.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA

221. ANEMONE

1. A. nemorosa (Wood Anemone)

222. CLEMATIS

1. C. Vitalba (Traveller's Joy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 39; Eng. Bot. 612; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 37; Hook. Fl. Scot. 171; With. iii. 662; Naturalized on St. Anthon's and Willington ballast hills, N. On Hebburn ballast hills, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. This elegant plant does not appear to be a native of the north of England, even on the Magnesian Limestone, where it might be expected. — See Dr. Hooker's remarks in the Fl. Scot. 171.

223. THALICTRUM

1. T. alpinum (Alpine Meadow Rue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 40; Eng. Bot. 262; Lightfoot, 286 t. xiii. f. 1; With. iii. 662; Near Cauldron Snout by the path that leads from thence to Widdy Bank, D. Also upon Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

2. T. minus (Lesser Meadow Rue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 41; Eng. Bot. 11; Gr. Fl. Eds. 123; With. iii. 663; Berwick Flora, 121; On the links of the sea coast at Tynemouth, Cullercoats, Hartley, Blyth, Newbiggin, Holy Island, and Berwick, N. At South Shields, Castle Eden, Hartlepool, and Seaton, also on Limestone Crags at Hilton Ferry, D. On the banks of Tweed opposite Spring Gardens, on Spittal Links, and banks beyond Hudshead. — Thompson.

3. T. majus (Greater Meadow Rue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 42; Eng. Bot. 611; With. iii. 664; Berwick Flora, 121; On the banks of Tees near Barnardcastle, and a little above the foot of Middleton Beck, also near Eglestone, and at Baydales in the vicinity of Darlington, and at Coatham, D.

4. T. flavum (Common Meadow Rue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 42; Eng. Bot. 367; Berwick Flora, 121; Hook. Fl. Scot. 172; With. iii. 663; On the banks of Tyne above Ovingham, N. On the banks of Wear near Ayre's Quay, and of Team near Lamesley, D. In moist meadows near Hell Kettles, Darlington, D. — John Hogg, Esq.

1. ADONIS

1. A. autumnalis (Corn Pheasant's-eye or Adonis flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 43; Eng. Bot. 308; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 37; Hook. Fl. Scot. 172; With. iii. 665; In a potatoe-field near Norton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. This pretty annual has but slight claim to be considered indigenous in the north of England.

225. RANUNCULUS

1. R. flammula (Lesser Spear-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 45; Eng. Bot. 387; Berwick Flora, 122; With. iii. 667; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 37; Hook. Fl. Scot. 174; δ reptans Lightfoot, 289 ; fig. in title page; α In marshy places frequent. δ by the Loughs at Shewing Shields and Holy Island, N. On Alnwick Moor. — Mr. J. Davison.

2. R. Lingua (Great Spear-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 46; Eng. Bot. 100; Berwick Flora, 122; Hook. Fl. Scot. 173; Lond. t. 171; With. iii. 668; Robson's Flora, 199; In ditches at Prestwick Carr, in ponds at Wide Haugh near Dilston, and in bogs at the west end of Little Cow Lake, N. In the pond at Spindlestone, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. At Newham Lough, N. — Miss Forster, delin. Near Darlington, D.

3. R. Ficaria (Pilewort, Lesser Celandine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 47; Eng. Bot. 584; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 39; Hook. Fl. Scot. 174; Berwick Flora, 122; Ficaria ranunculoides Gr. Fl. Eds. 126; In woods and on the banks of hedges, frequent.

4. R. auricomus (Wood Crow-foot, Goldilocks)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 47; Eng. Bot. 624; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 41; Hook. Fl. Scot. 174; In woods and shady places, not rare.

5. R. sceleratus (Water Crow-foot, Celery-leaved Crow-foot)

6. R. bulbosus (Bulbous Crow-foot, Butter-cups)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 49; Eng. Bot. 515; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 38; Hook. Fl. Scot. 175; Berwick Flora, 123; β flore pleno. α In meadows and pastures everywhere. β in Hulne Park, Alnwick, N.— Miss Forster, delin.

7. R. hirsutus (Pale Hairy Crow-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 50; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 40; Eng. Bot. 1504; Hook. Fl. Scot. 175; With. iii. 672; R. Philonotis Lindley, Brit. Syn. 11; On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N. On Sunderland ballast hills, D.

8. R. repens (Creeping Crow-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 51; Eng. Bot. 516; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 38; Hook. Fl. Scot. 175; Berwick Flora, 123; In moist meadows and near ditches, everywhere.

9. R. acris (Upright Bleadow Crow-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 51; Eng. Bot. 652; Berwick Flora, 123; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 39; Hook. Fl. Scot. 174; β flore pleno. α In meadows and pastures everywhere. β in meadows at Mill-green near Ravensworth, D.

10. R. arvensis (Corn Crow-foot)

11. R. parviflorus (Small-flowered Crow-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 53; Eng. Bot. 120; With. iii. 670; By the road side between Cockerton and Norton, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Its most northern locality.

12. R. hederaceus (Ivy Crow-foot)

13. R. aquatilis (Water Crow-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 54; Eng. Bot. 101; Hook. Fl. Scot. 173; Berwick Flora, 124; β, Ray's Syn. 249; δ 250; R. pardothrix Lindley, Brit. Syn. 12; α and β In ponds and ditches, δ in rivers

226. TROLLIUS

1. T. europaeus (Globe-flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 56; Eng. Bot. 28; With. iii. 675; Gr. Fl. Eds. 127; Berwick Flora, 124; In Ravensworth woods, Heaton Dene, and Shipley woods, in Teesdale; also near Belford, Alnwick, and Morpeth, and in most of the moist woods, and on the banks of numerous rivulets in N. and D. In moist mountainous woods, abundant. — Wallis. At Catcherside, Roadley, and Long-witton, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Norton, D.— John Hogg, Esq. In moist meadows in the vicinity of Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

227. HELLEBORUS

1. H. viridis (Green Hellebore)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 57; Eng. Bot. 200; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 34; Hook. Fl. Scot. 176; With. iii. 675; Upon the banks of the Tees near WhorltonRev. J. Harriman. Near Piercebridge, D. — Mr. Backhouse. In the Abbey grounds at Alnwick, N.— Miss Forster, delin.

2. H. foetidus (Stinking Hellebore, Bear's-foot, Setter-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 58; Eng. Bot. 613; Woodv. t. 19; Gr. Fl. Eds. 127; With. iii. 676; Upon the banks of Tees a little below Winston Bridge, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In a wood on the north side of Tyne a little above the Chain Bridge near Hexham, N.— Mr. A. Hancock, Sp.

228. CALTHA

1. C. palustris (Marsh Marygold)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 59; Eng. Bot. 506; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 40; Berwick Flora, 125; Hook. Fl. Scot. 176; De Cand. Syst. i. 309; C. radicans Hook. Fl. Scot.; and Gr. Fl. Eds. 127; but not of Forster in Linn. Tr. viii. 324 t. 17; nor of Smith in Eng. Bot. 2175; α In marshy meadows, and by ponds and rivers. β on the margins of the Loughs near Shewing-shields, N. On Eglestone Fell, Teesdale, D. I believe the late James Dickson was the only botanist who ever found Caltha radicans wild; but in what part of Scotland I know not. It still keeps its habit, and the triangular shape of its leaves, in the Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh and Cambridge, and with Edward Forster, Esq. in Essex; and certainly is entitled to rank as a species. Our plant is only a small variety of C. palustris.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA

229. AJUGA

1. A. reptans (Common Bugle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 65; Eng. Bot. 489; Hook. Fl. Scot. 179; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 43; Berwick Flora, 129; In woods and moist pastures, common. Ajuga alpina was never found in the county of Durham. — See Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 66;

230. TEUCRIUM

1. T. Scorodonia (Wood Germander, Wood Sage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 68; Eng. Bot. 1543; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 10; Hook. Fl. Scot. 180; Berwick Flora, 129; In dry woods and on hedge banks, not rare.

2. T. Chamaedrys (Wall Germander)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 69; Eng. Bot. 680; Woodv. Supp. t. 243; With iii. 684; Hook. Fl. Scot. 180; On old hedge banks near Gateshead Park engine, D.

231. NEPETA

1. N. cataria (Nep, or Cat-mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 70; Eng. Bot. t. 137; Hook. Fl. Scot. 180; With. iii. 686; On hedge banks at Ovingham, Bywell, the Riding, and Tyne Green near Hexham; also in the neighbourhood of Chirton, N. In a hedge at Netherwarden, and about Hexham, N Wallis, 168;. On the ruins of Langley Hall near Witton Gilbert, at West Boldon, and in lanes near Sunderland and Haughton, D.

232. VERBENA

1. V. officinalis (Common Vervain)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 71; Eng. Bot. 767; Woodv. Supp. t. 218; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 41; With, iii. 687; Hook. Fl. Scot. 190; On the banks of Tyne at Bywell, where it was observed by Wallis (p. 168);, at Corbridge Mill, and the Riding, N. Near Stainton, Bishopton, Darlington, and in the west lane at Chester-le-Street, D. Near Norton. — John Hogg, Esq.

233. MENTHA

1. M. rotundifolia (Round-leaved Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 74; Eng. Bot. 446; With. iii. 689; M. sylvestris Sole, Menth. 7. t. 3; In the lane between Pittington and Elemore where the Sunderland road turns off, D. — Rev. Jas. Dalton. Near Ponteland, N.

2. M. viridis (Spear Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 75; Eng. Bot. 2424; Woodv. Supp. t. 170; With. iii. 689; Sole, Menth. 11 t. 5; Ray Syn. 1st ed., 79; α On the east side of the bourn in Blackstone-bank wood, four miles north of Wolsingham, D. By the Tees near Neisham, D.— Mr. Backhouse, β in neglected gardens and orchards about Newcastle, N.

3. M. piperita (Pepper Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 76; Eng. Bot. 687; Woodv. 169; Berwick Flora, 129; M. piperita officinalis Sole, Menth. 15, t. 7; M. piperita vulgaris Sole, Menth. 19, t. 8; α. Near Mason Dinnington and Stannington, N. α. and β in Dene Lane, Castle Eden, D— Mr. Backhouse.

4. M. citrata (Bergamot Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 78; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 79; M. odorata Sole, Menth. 21, t. 9; Eng. Bot. 1025; With. iii. 692; In neglected orchards and near cottage gardens, not truly indigenous.

5. M. hirsuta (Hairy Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 78; Eng. Bot. 447; Hook. Lond. t. 166; Fl. Scot. 180; M. aquatica major minor Sole, Menth. 25, t. 11; and xxiii. t. 10; Berwick Flora, 129; By ditches and in watery places, not rare.

6. M. rubra (Tall Red Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 82; Eng. Bot. 1413; With. iii. 695; Berwick Flora, 130; M. sativa Sole, Menth. 47, t. 21; On the banks of Team near the High Forge, D. By the pont above Ponteland, N. On the banks of the Gaunless, in the Bishop's Park, Bishop-Auckland, D.— Mr. W. Backhouse.

7. M. gentilis (Bushy Red Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 83; Eng. Bot. 2118; With. iii. 695; M. rubra Sole, Menth. 41, t. 18; Berwick Flora, 130; M. variegata Sole, Menth. 43, t. 19; α. On the banks of Team near the High Forge, D. On the banks of Blyth below Stannington Bridge, N. By the road side near Winston, D. — Mr. W. Backhouse. In the bed of the Wooler water near the Haugh Head, γ by the side of the water course above the Carding Mill at Wooler, N Dr. G. Johnston. About villages, but scarcely wild, N. and D.

8. M. arvensis (Corn Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 85; Eng. Bot. 2119; Hook. Fl. Scot. 181; Berwick Flora, 130; Sole, Menth. 29, t. 12; With. iii. 697; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 86; With. iii. 697 var. 3; α In corn fields about Beamish, Cawsey, Urpeth, and Darlington, D. In the vicinity of Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. δ by ditches near the west end of Prestwick Carr, N.

9. M. agrestis (Rugged Field Mint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 87; Sole, Menth. 33, t. 14; Eng. Bot, 2120; M. arvense Sm. Fl. Brit. 624; With. iii. 697, var. 4; In Cawsey Dene, also near Beamish, and on the banks of Team near Lamesley, D.

10. M. Pulegium (Penny-royal)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 87; Eng. Bot. 1026; Sole, Menth. 51, t. 23; Hook. Fl. Scot. 181; With, iii. 698; Woodv. t. 171; On the borders of a pond at Winston, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

234. GLECHOMA

1. G. hederacea (Ground Ivy, Gill, Ale-hoof)

235. LAMIUM

1. L. album (White Archangel, White Dead-nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 89; Eng. Bot. 763; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 45; Hook. Fl. Scot. 181; In waste ground, everywhere.

2. L. purpureum (Red Archangel, or Red Deadnettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 91; Eng. Bot. 769; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 42; Hook. Fl. Scot. 181; On waste ground, everywhere.

3. L. incisum (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle, or Archangel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 91; Eng. Bot. 1933; With. iii. 700; Hook. Fl. Scot. 182; Gr. Fl. Eds, 130; Berwick Flora, 131; In waste places about Darlington, D. Near Alnwick, Belford, and Hexham, N. In the neighbourhood of Berwick, frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Sunderland ballast hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb. Probably a variety of L. purpureum.

4. L. amplexicaule (Henbit Archangel, Great Henbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 92; Eng. Bot. 770; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 46; With. iii. 701; Gr. Fl. Eds. 130; Berwick Flora, 131; On hedge banks at East Morton, at the Salt Meadows near Gateshead, and near Whitburn and Darlington, D. At Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. On old walls near Ovingham, also at Wylam, Hexham, and Alnwick, N. At Spittal-point, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. About Berwick, common.— Dr. G. Johnston.

236. GALEOPSIS

1. G. Ladanum (Red Hemp-nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 93; Eng. Bot. 884; With. iii. 701; Gr. Fl. Eds. 131; On the Magnesian Limestone at Whitburn, Fulwell, Easington, and Castle Eden, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

2. G. Tetrahit (Common Hemp-nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 94; Eng. Bot. 207; Hook. Fl. Scot. 182; Berwick Flora, 132; In corn, potatoe, and turnip fields, common.

3. G. versicolor (Large-flowered, Hemp-nettle, Bee-nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 95; Eng. Bot. 667; Berwick Flora, 132; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 38; Gr. Fl. Eds. 131; G. cannabina With. iii. 703; Dill. Ray Syn. 240; α On the banks of North Tyne at Low Park-end near Nunwick, in corn fields between Newcastle and Jesmond, also near the Minories, N. About Tynemouth and Elsdon. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. In a field at the high end of Pandon Dene. — Wilson, Syn. 95. Near Wooler. — Mrs. J. Johnston. Below Langley Ford. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near AlnwickMiss Pringle, Sp. In corn fields between Halystone and Harbottle Castle; also on the banks of North Tyne near Smales-mouth, N.— Wallis, 167;. In fields near Gateshead, D. γ in corn fields between Newcastle and Jesmond, N.

237. BETONICA

1. B. officinalis (Wood Betony)

238. STACHYS

1. S. sylvatica (Hedge Woundwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 98; Eng. Bot. 416; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 34; Hook. Fl. Scot. 183; Berwick Flora, 133; In woods, denes, and shady hedges, common.

2. S. ambigua (Ambiguous Woundwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 99; Eng. Bot. 2089; Hook. Fl. Scot. 183; Gr. Fl. Eds. 132; In fields at Burdon Mills, and by the Skerne near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the banks of Tyne near Hexham, N.

3. S. palustris (Marsh Woundwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 99; Eng. Bot. 1675; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 35; Hook. Fl. Scot. 183; Berwick Flora, 133; On the banks of rivers, and in wet meadows, frequent.

4. S. arvensis (Corn Woundwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 100; Eng. Bot. 1154; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 41; With. iii. 707; Gr. Fl. Eds. 132; Berwick Flora, 133; In neglected gardens and on waste ground at Hexham, in fields near Ridley Hall, and near the Barras Bridge, Newcastle, N. On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Berwick.— Thompson.

239. BALLOTA

1. B. nigra (Black or Stinking Horehound)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 101; Eng. Bot. 46; Hook. Fl. Scot. 184; Berwick Flora, 133; B. alba Linn. Sp. Pl. ii. 814; B. nigra Hudson, 260; With. iii. 708, var. 2; α On hedge banks and waste ground, frequent. β near Hartlepool and Castle Eden, D. Near Morpeth, N.

240. MARRUBIUM

1. M. vulgare (White Horehound)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 103; Woodv. t. 97; Hook. Fl. Scot. 184; Eng. Bot. 410; With. iii. 708; Berwick Flora, 133; On the island at Hexham Bridge, on waste ground at Cullercoats, and on the rocks and links at Bamborough Castle, N., at which place it was noticed by Wallis. In the lane that leads from the Bearton to the Stanton road, D.— John Hogg, Esq.

241. LEONURUS

1. L. Cardiaca (Motherwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 104; Eng. Bot. 286; Gr. Fl. Eds. 133; With. iii. 709; Naturalized in fields at Spring Gardens near Newcastle, N. Near Wycliffe.— Rev. J. Harriman.

242. CLINOPODIUM

1. C. vulgare (Wild Basil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 105; Eng. Bot. 1401; Hook. Fl. Scot. 184; With. iii. 710; Berwick Flora, 134; In woods and hedges, especially in the Magnesian Limestone district.

243. ORIGANUM

1. O. vulgare (Common Marjoram)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 106; Eng. Bot. 1143; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 39; Woodv. t. 104; Hook. Fl. Scot. 184; Berwick Flora, 134; In woods, particularly on the Magnesian Limestone.

244. THYMUS

1. T. Serpyllum (Wild Thyme, Mother of Thyme)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 107; Eng. Bot. 1514; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 47; Berwick Flora, 134; Hook. Fl. Scot. 185; ε citratumRay Syn. 231; . α On dry heaths, frequent, ε on Basaltic heights near Bamborough, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants.

2. T. Acinos (Basil Thyme)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 109; Eng. Bot. 411; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. 185; With. iii. 713; Acinos vulgaris Persoon, Syn. ii. 131; In a field bordering on East Common Wood near Hexham, N.— Mr. F. Scott, Sp. On St. Anthon's ballast hills, N. Between Marsden Cottage and Whitburn, D. In Middleham Lane, D.— R. Surtees, Esq.

3. T. Calamintha (Common Calamint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 109; Eng. Bot. 1676; With. iii. 714; Calamintha officinalis Hook. Br. Fl. 279; Near Gateshead Ropery, D. Near Connisclifie, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

4. T. Nepeta (Lesser Calamint)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 110; With. iii. 713; Melissa Nepeta Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 40; Calamintha Nepeta Hook. Br. Fl. 280; On the banks of Wear by Durham Abbey.— Wilson, Syn. 97. It still grows there.

245. SCUTELLARIA

1. S. galericulata (Common Skull-cap)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 113; Eng. Bot. 523; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 36; With. iii. 716; Gr. Fl. Eds. 134; Berwick Flora, 134; On the shore of Tyne below St. Anthon's, also by ditches near Hexham, N., where it was observed by Wallis. On Hoppen Bog near Alnwick.— Miss Pringle, Sp. On the banks of Team near Team Bridge and Urpeth, and at Hell Kettles Near Darlington, D. By the Tyne below Stella, D.— Wilson's Syn. 99.

2. S. minor (Lesser Skull-cap)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 113; Eng. Bot. 524; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. 185; On moors south of Wolsingham, D., plentiful.— Mr. Backhouse.

246. PRUNELLA

1. P. vulgaris (Self-heal)

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA

247. BARTSIA

1. B. alpina (Alpine Bartsia)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 117; Eng. Bot. 361; Hook. Lond. t. 87; Fl. Scot. 186; With. iii. 719; By the Whey Syke near Widdy Bank in Teesdale Forest, D. First pointed out to me by the Rev. J. Harriman.

2. B. Odontites (Red Bartsia)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 119; Eng. Bot. 1413; Hook. Fl. Scot. 186; Berwick Flora, 135; Euphrasia Odontites Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. 44; In meadows and pastures on a wet clay soil.

248. RHINANTHUS

1. R. Crista-galli (Yellow Rattle)

Sm. Eng. Pl. iii. 120; Eng. Bot. 657; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. 186; Berwick Flora, 135; R. major (Large Bushy Yellow Rattle) Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 121; Berwick Flora, 135; R. Crista-galli With. iii. 720 var. 2; α In meadows and pastures on poor land; β observed in 1723 by Dr. Richardson, among corn near West Newton, N. — Dill. Ray's Syn. *284. At Crawcrook and Ryton, D. — Mr. R.B. Bowman. In corn fields on StocktonCommon and other parts of the county, where the soil approaches to peat. — Mr. J. Backhouse. In fields near Benwell, Denton, and Elswick, N.

249. EUPHRASIA

1. E. officinalis (Eye-bright)

250. MELAMPYRUM

1. M. pratense (Common Yellow Cow-wheat)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 125; Eng. Bot. 113; Hook. Fl. Scot. 187; Berwick Flora, 136; M. sylvaticum Hudson, 270; In woods and denes, frequent. N. and D. On the hill at Hepburn near Chillingham, and on Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. M. sylvaticum (Wood Cow-wheat)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 126; Eng. Bot. 804; Lightfoot, 325; With. iii. 725; On the banks of Tees above Middleton, also near Winch Bridge, and in Shipley Wood near Eglestone, D. In woods near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott. I have no specimens from the latter habitat.

251. LATHRAEA

1. L. Squamaria (Greater Tooth-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 127; Eng. Bot. 50; Gr. Fl. Eds. 135; With. iii. 725; In Shipley, Eglestone, Cocken, and Lumley woods, D. Near Pierce bridge. — Mr. Backhouse. In Irehope Dene, Weardale, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Twizell woods. — P.J. Selby, Esq. At Break-back near Alnwick, N. — Miss Forster, delin. In the wood bottom at the west end of the Rectory Dene at Simonburn, N.— Wallis, 234;.

252. PEDICULARIS

1. P. palustris (Marsh Louse-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 129; Eng. Bot. 399; Hook. Fl. Scot. 187; Berwick Flora, 137; In boggy meadows and marshes, common.

2. P. sylvatica (Pasture Louse-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 129; Eng. Bot. 400; Hook. Fl. Scot. 188; Berwick Flora, 137; In wet moorland pastures and on commons, frequent.

253. ANTIRRHINUM

1. A. Cymbalaria (Ivy-leaved Snapdragon)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 131; Eng. Bot. 502; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 136; With. iii. 728; Linaria Cymbalaria Lindley, Br. Syn. 191; Naturalized on the bridge over the Greta at Rokeby, and on walls near Cleadon, and in Whitburn-Lane, D. A native of Italy, now naturalized as far north as Edinburgh.

2. A. spurium (Round-leaved Fluellin)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 131; Eng. Bot. 691; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 37; With. iii. 728; Linaria spuria Lindley, Br. Syn. 191; On Hebburn ballast-hills, D. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

3. A. Elatine (Sharp-pointed Fluellin)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 132; Eng. Bot. 692; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 46; With. iii. 729; Linaria Elatine Lindley, Br. Syn. 191; On Sunderland and Hebburn ballast-hills, D. On Willington ballast-hills, N.

4. A. repens (Creeping pale-blue Toadflax)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 133; Eng. Bot. 1253; Hook. Fl. Scot. 188; With. iii. 729; Linaria repens Lindley, Br. Syn. 191; On Hebburn ballast-hills, D. On Willington ballast-hills, N.

5. A. Linaria (Common Yellow Toadflax)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 134; Eng. Bot. 658; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 47; Woodv. Supp. 221; Hook. Fl. Scot. 188; Berwick Flora, 137; Linaria vulgaris Lindley, Br. Syn. 191; In dry hedges and on the borders of fields, not rare.

6. A. minus (Least Snapdragon)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 135; Eng. Bot. 2014; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 41; Hook. Fl. Scot. 188; With. iii. 730; Berwick Flora, 138; Linaria minor Lindley, Br. Syn. 192; On Fulwell hills near Sunderland, D. By the Union Bridge over the Tweed, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. A. majus (Great Snapdragon)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 135; Eng. Bot. 129; Hook. Fl. Scot. 189; With. iii. 732; Near the Hermitage at Warkworth, N. On the walls of Barnardcastle, and naturalized on old walls at Kibblesworth, D.

8. A. Orontium (Lesser Snapdragon)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 136; Eng. Bot. 1155; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 45; With. iii. 732; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

254. SCROPHULARIA

1. S. nodosa (Knotty-rooted Fig-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 137; Eng. Bot. 1544; Hook. Fl. Scot. 189; Berwick Flora, 138; In denes, woods, and hedges.

2. S. aquatica (Water Fig-wort, Water Betony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 138; Eng. Bot. 854; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 44; Hook. Fl. Scot. 189; On the banks of rivers and ponds, frequent.

255. DIGITALIS

1. D. purpurea (Purple Foxglove)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 140; Eng. Bot. t. 1297; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 48; Hook. Fl. Scot. 189; Woodv. t. 24; With. iii. 736; Berwick Flora, 138; In dry woods and on hedge banks, very frequent in the county of Durham, but rather scarce in Northumberland. At the foot of Scotswood Dean, and near Alemouth, N. Rare near Berwick, but common about Houndswood and Renton inns, near Wooler. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Fourstone hills and among the rocks at Tecket. The White-flowered Foxglove, by the road under Blenkinsopp Castle, N.— Wallis, 161;.

256. LINNAEA

1. L. borealis (Two-flowered Linnaea)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 142; Eng, Bot. 433; Hook. Fl. Scot. 190; Fl. Lapp. 2nd ed., 214, t. 12, f. 4; With. iii. 737; In an old fir plantation at Catcherside four miles west of Wallington, N., growing with Trientalis europaea and Pyrola minor First discovered by Miss Emma Trevelyan.

257. LIMOSELLA

1. L. aquatica (Common Mid-wort)

Sm. Eng Fl. 145; Eng. Bot. 357; Hook. Lond. t. 62; Fl. Scot. 190; With. iii. 738; In ditches near Cocken, D.— W. Weighell, MSS.

258. OROBANCHE

1. O. major (Greater Broom-rape)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 146; Eng. Bot. 421; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 44; Gr. Fl. Eds. 138; With. iii. 739; Sutton, Linn. Tr. iv. 175; In Scotswood dene, N. Near Beamish, Urpeth, Cawsey Wood, and Derwent Bridge, D. Near Staindrop. — Rev. J. Harriman; and in Raby Park. — Mr. E. Robson; among furze on Fourstone hills near Hexham. — Wallis, 233;; at Ellingham. — P.J. Selby, Esq.; on Bothal banks, where it was observed by Turner. — Miss Emma Trevelyan; near Alnwick, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

2. O. elatior (Tall Broom-rape)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 147; Eng. Bot. 568; With. iii. 739; Sutton, Linn. Tr. iv. 178 t. 17; Near Ellemore and not far from the gates of Burn Hall, D Rev. J. Dalton.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA

259. DRABA

1. D. verna (Common Whitlow-grass)

2. D. incana (Twisted-podded Whitlow-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 160; Eng. Bot. 388 (bad); Hook. Fl. Scot. 197; With. iii. 751; On walls and Limestone rocks north of Middleton, D. Upon Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

260. CAMELINA

1. C. sativa (Gold of Pleasure)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 164; Hook. Lond. t. 70; Fl. Scot. 198; Alyssum sativum With. iii. 774; In fields between Newcastle and Jesmond, on newly broken up ground, N. On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

261. LEPIDIUM

1. L. latifolium (Broad-leaved Pepperwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 165; Eng. Bot. 182; Gr. Fl. Eds. 140; With. iii. 753; On the cliffs between Prior's Haven and Tynemouth Castle, N. Near Seaton, and by the Wear near Durham Abbey, D. In Limestone quarries at Hartlepool, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On the banks of hedges at the Hermitage near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott. I have no specimen from this locality.

2. L. ruderale (Narrow-leaved Pepperwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 165; Eng. Bot. 1595; Hook. Fl. Scot. 194; With. iii. 753; St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. On the ballast-hills above South Shields; and at Hartlepool, D.

3. L. campestre (Common Mithridate Pepperwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 166; Hook. Fl. Scot. 195; Berwick Flora, 141; Thlaspi campestre Eng. Bot. 1385; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 45; With. iii. 754 and var. 2; On hedge banks and in corn fields, not rare.

4. L. Smithii (Smooth Field Pepperwort)

Hook. Brit. Fl. 297; L. hirtum Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 167; Thlaspi hirtum Eng. Bot. 1803; Hook. Fl. Scot. 195; With. iii. 755; On hedge banks between Newcastle and Jesmond, also in Heaton Dene, and between Paradise and Scotswood, N. I have specimens of Lepidium hirtum of the continental botanists, but gathered on the Sunderland ballast-hills, and probably an exotic.

262. TEESDALIA

1. T. nudicaulis (Naked-stalked or Irregular Teesdalia)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 170; Hook. Fl. Scot. 194; Berwick Flora, 141; Iberis nudicaulis Eng. Bot. 327; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 42; Dicks. Hort. Sicc. Fasc. i. 10; With. iii. 763; On Wall-town Crags near Wall-town. — Rev. A. Hedley, Sp. In the vale between Middleton and Langley Ford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

263. THLASPI

1. T. arvense (Penny Cross, Smooth Mithridate Mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 171; Eng. Bot. 1659; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 43; Gr. Fl. Eds. 139; With, iii. 754; Berwick Flora, 141; In corn fields near Gateshead, D. In Heaton Dene, below Rennoldson's Mill-race, N. In Ord fields, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. alpestre (Alpine Shepherd's Purse)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 172; Eng. Bot. 81; With. iii. 756; Hook. Br. Fl. 295; Near Winch Bridge, above Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. Near Nentwater, on old lead mine heaps, N. Both these habitats are on the Encrinal Limestone, and are its most northern places of growth.

3. T. Bursa Pastoris (Common Shepherd's Purse)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 173; Eng. Bot. 1485; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 50; Hook. Fl. Scot. 194; Berwick Flora, 141; Caspella Bursa Pastoris De Cand; Hook. Br. Fl. 295; By way sides and hedge banks, everywhere.

264. COCHLEARIA

1. C. officinalis (Common Scurvy-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 175; Eng. Bot. 551; Woodv. t. 29; Berwick Flora, 142; Hook. Lond. 148; Fl. Scot. 195; Brit. Fl. 175; With. iii. 759 var. 2; α. On rocks and marshy places on the sea coast, common. and on the shores of Tyne, Wear, Tees, &c; on the Fern Islands, abundant. also naturalized on rocks at Harnham, N. β on wet ground near the Whey Sike House, and at Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. In wet places near Coal Cleugh, N.

2. C. anglica (English Scurvy-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 176; Eng. Bot. 552; Hook. Fl. Scot. 195; With. iii. 760; On the shores of Tyne, at the mouth of Coble Dene near North Shields, and on Holy Island, N. By the river Wear, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

3. C. danica (Danish Scurvy-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 177; Eng. Bot. 696; Gr. Fl. Eds. 141; With. iii. 760; Berwick Flora, 142; On the sea coast beyond Cullercoats, and on Willington ballast-hills, N. On the Pinnacles, one of the Fern Islands, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. On the coast north of Tynemouth, — Mr. J. Thornhill.

4. C. Armoracia (Horse-raddish)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 177; Eng. Bot. 2323; Woodv. t. 150; Gr. Fl. Eds. 141; With. iii. 761; On the banks of Team near Dunston, and of Skerne near Darlington, D. Ray observes, we found it plentifully about Alnwick and elsewhere, in Northumberland, in the ditches and by the water sides. — Dill. Ray's Syn. 301.

265. SENEBIERA

1. S. Coronopus (Common Wart-cress, Swine's-cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 179; Berwick Flora, 142; Coronopus Ruellii Eng. Bot. 1660; Hook. Fl. Scot. 193; With. iii. 762; By way sides and on waste ground, but not very common. Near Berwick, and on Holy Island. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Alemouth, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

2. S. didyma (Lesser Wart-cress, Procumbent Pepperwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 180; Coronopus didyma With. iii. 762; Fl. Brit. 691; Lepidium didymum Eng. Bot. 248; L. anglicum Hudson, 280; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Near Hartlepool, D.

266. IBERIS

1. I. amara (Bitter Candy-tuft)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 181; Eng. Bot. 52; With. iii. 763; In fields on the banks of Tyne near Hexham Bridge, and at Hoferd banks, N. Probably introduced with corn.

267. ISATIS

1. I. tinctoria (Woad)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 182; Eng. Bot. 97; With. iii. 747; On the banks of Wear between Framwellgate and the New Bridge, D., where it was noticed by S. Robson. — See Flora, 129. Cultivated in the fields near Newburn. N. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D.

268. CAKILE

1. C. maritima (Purple Sea Rocket)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 183; Hook. Lond. t. 160; Berwick Flora, 142; Gr. Fl. Eds. 139; Bunias Cakile Eng. Bot. 231; With. iii. 746; On the sandy sea-beach, frequent.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA

269. CARDAMINE

1. C. hirsuta (Hairy Ladies'-smock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 188; Eng. Bot. 492; Berwick Flora, 143; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 48; Hook. Fl. Scot. 199; C. flexuosa With. iii. 766; In moist shady woods and by rivulets, not rare.

2. C. pratensis (Meadow Ladies'-smock, Cuckow Flower)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 189; Eng. Bot. 770; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 40; Hook. Fl. Scot. 198; Woodv. t. 30; Berwick Flora, 143; β Var. flore pleno. α In moist meadows and pastures; β on Newcastle Town Moor, N. In Cat Dene above Bill Quay, on the Tyne, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. The leaflets of var. β, fall off and become viviparous.

3. C. amara (Bitter Ladies'-smock)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 190; Eng. Bot. 1000; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 39; With. iii. 768; Gr. Fl. Eds. 142; Berwick Flora, 144; In moist woods near Newcastle, Hexham, Morpeth, and Alnwick, N; and in similar situations in the county of Durham, not rare. In the vicinity of Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston. In Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

270. NASTURTIUM

1. N. officinale (Common Water Cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 192; Hook. Fl. Scot. 201; Berwick Flora, 144; Sisymbrium Nasturtium Eng. Bot. 855; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 44; Woodv. t. 48; In springs and rivulets, but not very common near Newcastle.

2. N. sylvestre (Creeping Yellow Cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 193; Hook. Fl. Scot. 201; Berwick Flora, 144; Sisymbrium sylvestre Eng. Bot. 2324; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 41; With. iii. 769; On the banks of Team near the Red Heugh, D. On the banks of the Derwent between Swalwell and the TyneMr. R.B. Bowman. Near Norton Bridge, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On the shores of Tyne below Benwell, N. By the Tweed at the Union Bridge. — Dr. G. Johnston; and above West Ord, N. — Dr. Thompson.

3. N. terrestre (Annual Yellow Cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 193; Hook. Fl. Scot. 201; Berwick Flora, 145; Sisymbrium terrestre Eng. Bot. 1747; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 49; With. iii. 770; On the borders of Prestwick Carr, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. By the sides of Tweed from West Ord to Norham, and in ponds at Calf Hill and Cow-port, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. N. amphibium (Amphibious Yellow Cress, Great Water Radish)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 195; Hook. Fl. Scot. 201; Sisymbrium amphibium Eng. Bot. 1840; With. iii. 769; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

271. SISYMBRIUM

1. S. officinale (Common Hedge-mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 196; Hook. Fl. Scot. 202; Berwick Flora, 145; Erysimum officinale Eng. Bot. 735; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 50; Woodv. t. 244; By road sides and on waste ground, everywhere.

2. S. Irio (London Rocket)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 197; Eng. Bot. 1631; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 48; With. iii. 773; Ray's Syn. 298; Berwick Flora, 145; On the Ramparts of Berwick-upon-Tweed, where it was observed by Ray. Most abundant at the Piergate. — Dr. G. Johnston. The only locality in the north.

3. S. Sophia (Flix-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 197; Eng. Bot. 963; Gr. Fl. Eds. 145; With. iii. 772; Berwick Flora, 145; Near Scotswood and Ovingham, and on Holy Island, also about Belford and Alnwick, N. On rubbish at West Boldon and Cleadon, D. About East Ord, Etal, and Bamborough, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

272. BARBAREA

1. B. vulgaris (Yellow Rocket, Bitter Winter-cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 198; Hook. Fl. Scot. 200; Berwick Flora, 145; Erysimum Barbarea Eng. Bot. 443; On the banks of rivulets and in marshy meadows.

2. B. praecox (Early Winter Cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 199; Hook. Fl. Scot. 201; Berwick Flora, 146; Erysimum praecox Eng. Bot. var. 2, 1129; E. officinalis With. iii. 774; On a hedge side between Wooler and Earl, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. Probably the out-cast of a garden.

273. ERYSIMUM

1. E. cheiranthoides (Treacle Hedge-mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 200; Eng. Bot. 942; Hook. Fl. Scot. 202; With. iii. 775; In Heaton Dene near Rennoldson's Mill, and on hedge banks at the Minories near Newcastle, N. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

2. E. Alliaria (Garlick Hedge-mustard, Jack by the hedge, Sauce alone)

3. E. orientale (Hare's-ear Treacle-mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 202; Hook. Br. Fl. 300; Brassica orientalis Eng. Bot. 1804; With. iii. 782; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. On ballast-hills at Bishopwearmouth, D. — Rev. J. Symons, also in W. Weighell's Herb.

274. CHEIRANTHUS

1. C. Cheiri (Wall-flower)

Hudson, 287; Lindley, Syn. 22; Hook. Br. Fl. 307; Lond. Fl. t. 147; C. fruticulosus Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 203; Eng. Bot. 1934; Berwick Flora, 146; Hook. Fl. Scot. 202; With. iii. 776; On the ruins of Dawdon Hall, and on the Magnesian Limestone rocks at Southwick, D. On Lindisfern Priory, and on rocks at Tynemouth, N. On the ruins of castles near Berwick, and on Spindlestone rocks. — Dr. G. Johnston.

275. HESPERIS

1. H. matronalis (Common Dame's-violet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. 207; Gr. Fl. Eds. 146; H. inodora Eng. Bot. 731; With. iii. 778; In meadows near Chester-le-Street, D.— G. T. Fox, Esq. In the Duke of Northumberland's woods and plantations about Alnwick, N. Probably not truly indigenous in these counties.

276. ARABIS

1. A. thaliana (Common Wall-cress)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 209; Eng. Bot. 901; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 49; With. iii. 779; Hook. Fl. Scot. 199; Berwick Flora, 146; On walls near Ovingham, near Wooler, and on the ruins of Shewing-shields, also at Wark and Norham Castles, N. On Kyloe rocks and near the chain-bridge at Horncliffe, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. On the ruins of the Roman station at Lanchester, of Finchale Abbey, and on walls in Weardale and Teesdale, D.

2. A. hirsuta (Hairy Wall-cress)

Gr. Fl. Eds. 143; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 213; Turrilis hirsuta Eng. Bot. 587; With. iii. 781; On Painsher and Fulwell hills, in Castle Eden Dene, also near Eglestone and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On the south side of Boldon, Tunstall, and Cleadon Hills, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill. On the Roman Wall near Shewing-shields, on rocks at Kirkwhelpington and on hedge banks between Anick Grange and Corbridge, also near Rothbury, N. On an old wall at Colwell by the Chollerton road to Wallington, N. — Wallis, 219;. Near Hulne Abbey, Alnwick, N.— Miss Pringle, Sp.

277. TURRITIS

1. T. glabra (Smooth Tower-mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 215; Eng. Bot. 777; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 47; With. iii. 781; Hook. Fl. Scot. 200; On the banks of hedges between Anick Grange and Hexham, and on walls near Ovingham, N. Near Gainford, in hedges not far from the turnpike-gate, D. Wallis, at p. 218;, gives Crag Close near Barwesford as a locality of Cardamine pumilaBellidis folia alpina — Dill. Ray Syn, 300; which Smith refers to Arabis stricta of the English Flora, iii. 210, but with a mark of doubt. Gerard's figure, 260, quoted in~Ray's work, according to Smith, belongs to a foreign species, Arabis pumila of Jaquin; Arabis nutans of Willdenow's Species Plantarum, iii. 537. I suspect Turritis glabra must have been the plant gathered by the historian of Northumberland in Crag Close.

278. BRASSICA

1. B. Napus (Rape, Navew, or Cole-seed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 217; Eng. Bot. 2146; Hook. Fl. Scot. 203; Berwick Flora, 147; On ditch banks and waste ground.

2. B. Rapa (Turnip)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 217; Eng. Bot. 2176; Hook. Fl. Scot. 203; Berwick Flora, 147; Naturalized on the borders of fields.

3. B. campestris (Common Wild Navew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 218; Eng. Bot. 2234; Hook. Fl. Scot. 203; With. iii. 782; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. This plant, so common by the Thames, does not appear to be truly a native of these counties.

4. B. oleracea (Sea Cabbage)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 219; Eng. Bot. 637; Hook. Fl. Scot. 203; With. iii. 784; Upon the patch of Magnesian Limestone rock on the north side of Tynemouth Castle, N. Near Monkwearmouth, D.

279. SINAPIS

1. S. arvensis (Charlock, Wild Mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 221; Eng. Bot. 1748; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 47; Hook. Fl. Scot. 204; Berwick Flora, 147; In corn fields and on waste ground, common.

2. S. alba (White Mustard)

3. S. nigra (Common Mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 222; Eng. Bot. 969; Woodv. t. 151; Hook. Fl. Scot. 204; Berwick Flora, 147; On waste ground and in fields.

4. S. tenuifolia (Narrow-leaved Wall Mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 223; Hook. Fl. Scot. 204; Berwick Flora, 148; Sisymbrium tenuifolium Eng. Bot. 525; With. iii. 771; Brassica muralis Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 38; Hudson, 290; On rocks at Tynemouth, and on the ruins of the Castle, N. On the sea banks near Marsden Rocks, and at Southwick, D. On the walls of Berwick, where it was observed by Ray.— Dr. G. Johnston.

5. S. muralis (Sand Mustard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 224; Sisymbrium murale Eng. Bot. 1090; With. iii. 772; On St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. Introduced from the south of England.

289. RAPHANUS

1. R. Raphanistrum (Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock)

MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA

281. ERODIUM

1. E. cicutarium (Hemlock Stork's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 229; Eng. Bot. 1768; Berwick Flora, 150; Hook. Fl. Scot. 205; Geranium cicutarium Curt. Fasc. i. t. 51; With. iii. 803; α. On waste ground. β and γ on the sea coast abundant, N. and D. Between the Glass Houses and Dent's Hole, near Newcastle.— Wilson's Syn. 243. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. E. maritimum (Sea Stork's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 231; Eng. Bot. 646; Geranium maritimum Hudson, 301; With. iii. 799; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA

282. GERANIUM

1. G. phaeum (Dusky Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 232; Eng. Bot. 322; Hook. Fl. Scot. 200; With. iii. 798; In Lumley woods near Chester-le-Street, D. — G. T. Fox, Esq. Probably planted there. In woods about Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson; Turner and Dillwyn's Guide, 253 The late Mr. E. R. assured me that this was an error. Naturalized in Mr. Cook's woods at Newton-on-the-Moor, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

2. G. sylvaticum (Wood Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 234; Eng. Bot. 121; Gr. Fl. Eds. 149; With. iii. 795; Berwick Flora, 151; In woods and denes, also in subalpine meadows, N. and D.

3. G. pratense (Crow-foot-leaved Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 235; Eng. Bot. 404; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 49; Gr. Fl. Eds. 149; With. iii. 799; Berwick Flora, 151; In moist meadows and on the banks of rivers, N. and D. By the river Aln, near Alnwick. — Mr. J. Davison. Varieties with white flowers striped with purple and with red. In a hilly pasture on the north side of the rectory-house at Simonburn, N. — Wallis, 170;.

4. G. robertianum (Stinking Crane's-bill, Herb Robert)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 235; Eng. Bot. 1486; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 52; Hook. Fl. Scot. 207; Berwick Flora, 151; Hudson, 305; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 230; G. purpureum Eng. Bot. 2648; G. Raii Lindley, Syn. 57; Dill. Ray, Syn. 358; α In denes, woods, and by hedges, common. β on the sands of the sea beach, not rare.

5. G. lucidum (Shining Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 236; Eng. Bot. 75; Gr. Fl. Eds. 151; With. iii. 800; Berwick Flora, 151; On walls and hedge banks from Middleton-in-Teesdale to Darlington, also by the road side between Stanhope and Chapel-in-Weardale, D. At Cocken. — Rev. J. Symonds, At Gainsford, D. — .J Hogg, Esq. At Honey-cleugh near Chesterwood, at Nent Force, and by hedge sides at the 21 mile-stone near Chollerford, N. At the east end of Walwick by the military road. — Wallis, 171;. On a wall near Ratcheugh Crag near Alnwick. — Mr. J. Davison; and Belford Crag, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

6. G. molle (Dove's-foot Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 237; Eng. Bot. 778; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 50; Hook. Fl. Scot. 207; Berwick Flora, 151; On cultivated and waste ground, and by way sides.

7. G. pusillum (Small-flowered Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 238; Eng. Bot. 385; Berwick Flora, 152; Gr. Fl. Eds. 152; G. parviflorum Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 36; G. malvaefolium With. iii. 697 var. 1; In lanes near Darlington, and on Hebburn Quay, D. In the lane near Anick Grange, Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott. From this locality I have no specimen.

8. G. pyrenaicum (Mountain Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 239; Eng. Bot. 405; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 42; Hook. Fl. Scot. 206; With. iii. 793; For many years naturalized on old ballast-hills at Hebburn Quay, D.

9. G. rotundifolium (Round-leaved Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 240; Eng. Bot. 157; Lightfoot, 1106; With, iii. 800; On hedge banks at the Salt-meadows near Gateshead, D. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.− Mr. E. Robson. In the lane near Anick Grange, Hexham, N.— Mr. F. Scott. From this locality I have no specimen.

10. G. dissectum (Jagged-leaved Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 241; Eng. Bot. 753; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 45; Hook. Fl. Scot. 208; Berwick Flora, 152; On the banks of hedges and in fallow fields, frequent.

11. G. columbinum (Long -stalked Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 241; Eng. Bot. 259; Gr. Fl. Eds. 151; With. iii. 796; On Walltown Crags and on Willington ballast-hills, N. On the crags at Gunnerton. — Mr. Wm. Robertson. In the lane near Anick Grange, Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott. [No specimen.] On Cleadon Hills, and at Conniscliffe near Darlington, D.

12. G. sanguincum (Bloody Crane's-bill)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 242; Eng. Bot. 272; Hook. Fl. Scot. 206; Lond. t. 155; With. iii. 792; Berwick Flora, 152; In the lower part of Castle Eden Dene, and on the coast at Easington, Seaton, and Hartlepool, D. On the links near Hartley and Blyth, at Dunstanborough, and on Holy Island; also between Cresswell and Druridge, where it was noticed by Wallis. On the sea banks beyond Hudshead, on the links from Scremmerston southward, and in Ashwood near Belford, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA

283. MALVA

1. M. sylvestris (Common Mallow)

2. M. rotundifolia (Dwarf Mallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 246; Eng. Bot. 1092; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. 208; Berwick Flora, 153; On waste grounds, near villages, and by footpaths.

3. M. moschata (Musk Mallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 247; Eng. Bot. 754; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 50; Hook. Fl. Scot. 209; With. iii. 808; Berwick Flora, 153; n the borders of fields and by road sides, but not very common, N. and D. Near Alnwick and Belford, N. Fisher's Mains on the Tweed. — Dr. G. Johnson.

284. LAVATERA

1. L. arborea (Tree Mallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 248; Eng. Bot. 1841; Gr. Fl. Eds. 153; With. iii. 808; On St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N.

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA

285. FUMARIA

1. F. lutea (Yellow Fumitory)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 253; Eng. Bot. 588; With. iii. 815; Cordyalis lutea Hook. Br. Fl. 316; Naturalized on old walls at Netherwitton and on rocks at Harnham, N.

2. F. claviculata (White Climbing Fumitory)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 254; Eng. Bot. 103; Hook. Fl. Scot. 211; Berwick Flora, 156; With. iii. 817; Cordyalis claviculata Gr. Fl. Eds. 153; In hedges near Beamish, Greencroft, and Durham, and on rocks between Eglestone and Staindrop, D. In Heaton Dene, among bushes on the banks of Ouseburn, and on Newcastle Town Moor; also on the Oakwood banks near Hexham, N. On Roadley and Great Waney-house Crags. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On rocks above Tecket Water-fall, and at Little Waney-house Crags. — Wallis, 166;. Among the rocks at Longridge Dene. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Alnwick Moor. — Mr. J. Davison; and Heckley Crags, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

4. F. officinalis (Common Fumitory)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 255; Eng. Bot. 589; Berwick Flora, 156; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 52; Hook. Fl. Scot. 210; Woodv. t. 88; In corn fields, gardens, and hedges, but by no means frequent.

5. F. capreolata (Ramping Fumitory)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 256; Eng. Bot. 943; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 47; Hook. Fl. Scot. 210; With. iii. 816 t. 30 (bad); In hedges, common. N. and D.

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA

286. POLYGALA

1. P. vulgaris (Milkwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 258; Eng. Bot. 76; Hook. Fl. Scot. 211; Berwick Flora, 157; In dry heathy pastures and on moors, common.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA

287. SPARTIUM

1. S. scoparium (Common Broom)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 261; Eng. Bot. 1339; Berwick Flora, 157; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 52; Woodv. t. 89; Genista scoparia Hook. Fl. Scot. 211; Cytisus scoparius Br. Fl. 319; In dry fields, denes, and on the borders of woods, frequent. but by no means common near the sea coast.

288. GENISTA

1. G. tinctoria (Dyer's Green-weed, Wood-waxen)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 263; Eng. Bot. 44; Gr. Fl. Eds. 154; With. iii. 820; On gravelly banks and in dry pastures, not very common. On the sea coast, near the Spanish Battery, Tynemouth, N.

2. G. anglica (Needle Green-weed, Petty Whin)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 264; Eng. Bot. 132; Gr. Fl. Eds. 155; With. iii. 821; On heaths and moors, but not very common. On Gateshead Fell, D; and Newcastle Town Moor, N. Near Harbottle, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On Doddington Moor and between Wooler and Belford, N Dr. G. Johnston.

289. ULEX

1. U. europaeus (Common Furze, Whin, or Gorse)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 265; Eng. Bot. 742; Hook. Fl. Scot. 212; Berwick Flora, 158; On dry moors and commons, frequent.

2. U. nanus (Dwarf Furze)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 266; Eng. Bot. 743; With. iii. 822; On Durham Moor. — Rev. J. Symons. The Dwarf Furze is common on the Chalk Downs of the south of England, but I never observed it in the north.

290. ONONIS

1. O. arvensis (Common Rest-harrow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 267; Lightfoot, 386; Hook. Fl. Scot. 212; O. spinosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 1006; With. iii. 823; O. antiquorum Eng. Bot. p. 2659; O. arvensis Eng. Bot. t. 682; O. repens Linn. Sp. Pl. 1006; O. arvensis Eng. Bot. 2659; Berwick Flora, 159; α By the borders of fields. β by the road side near Hebburn, D. γ on the sea coast of Northumberland and Durham, frequent.

291. ANTHYLLIS

1. A. vulneraria (Kidney-vetch, Ladies'-finger)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 269; Eng. Bot. 104; With. iii. 825; Gr. Fl. Eds. 155; Berwick Flora, 159; On the Magnesian Limestone, D., not rare. On the coast near Cullercoats and Hartley, also in the vicinity of Belford and Alnwick, N. By the Tweed and on the sea coast near Berwick. — Dr. Thompson.

292. OROBUS

1. O. tuberosus (Common Orobus, Heath Pea)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 272; Eng. Bot. 1153; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 53; Hook. Fl. Scot. 213; Berwick Flora, 159; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 272; Hook. Fl. Scot. 213; O. tenuifolius Roth. Germ. i. 305; Don. Wern. Trans, iii. 301; α. In woods and on moors, and mountainous pastures. β near Kingswood, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. On the banks of Beldon Bourn above Blanchland, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. A remarkably broad-leaved variety, but without flowers, was gathered near Featherstone Castle, N., by W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

293. LATHYRUS

1. L. Aphaca (Yellow Lathyrus, or Vetchling)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 274; Eng. Bot. 1167; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 51; With. iii. 829; On Willington ballast-hills, N. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

2. L. Nissolia (Crimson Vetchling, Grass Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 275; Eng. Bot. 112; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 51; With. iii. 829; In the time of Lawson this plant grew between the Glass Houses and Dent's Hole, Newcastle. — Ray's Syn. 132.

3. L. hirsutus (Rough-podded Lathyrus)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 275; Eng. Bot. 1255; With. iii. 830; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

4. L. pratensis (Common Yellow Lathyrus, Meadow Vetchling)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 276; Eng. Bot. 670; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 44; Hook. Fl. Scot. 213; Berwick Flora, 160; In hedges, meadows, and pastures, frequent.

294. VICIA

1. V. sylvatica (Wood Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 277; Eng. Bot. 805; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 52; Gr. Fl. Eds. 157; With, iii. 833; Berwick Flora, 160; In woods near Barnardcastle and Whorlton, in Stotley Gill near Eglestone, in Castle Eden Dene, on rocks by the Tyne above Hebburn, and in the wood opposite St. Peter's Quay, D. In Cat Dene above Bill Quay, on the Tyne. — Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. — By Bolts Bourn near Stanhope-in-Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. — In Bella Wood by the Wear near Durham. — Wilson's Syn. 203;. In woods near Hexham, in Ramshaw and Tecket woods on North Tyne, and on the banks of Irthing near Wardrew Spaw, N. In Roddam Dene. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the Rectory Wood by the brook at Simonburn. — Wallis, 105;. On the banks of Tweed beyond Ord Mill. — Dr. Thompson. In the hedge of the wood between Hawk's Hill and the waggon-way near Alnwick. — Mr. F. Manisty; also in Callas Wood. — Miss Pringle. In Cauldedge Park, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

2. V. Cracca (Tufted Vetch)

3. V. sativa (Common Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 281; Eng. Bot. 334; Hook. Fl. Scot. 215; Berwick Flora, 160; Ray Syn. 321; With. iii. 835, var. 2; V. angustifolia Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 282; Sibthorp, 224; Eng. Bot. 2614; V. sativa With. iii. 835 var. 3; V. sativa Fl. Brit. 770; α On cultivated land. β on barren ground, γ on the sea banks between South Shields and Whitburn D. At Cullercoats, Newbiggin, and on Ratcheugh Crag, near Alnwick, N.

4. V. lathyroides (Spring Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 283; Eng. Bot. 30; With. iii. 837; Gr. Fl. Eds. 157; Berwick Flora, 161; At the salt meadows below Gateshead, D. On the Heugh at Holy Island, on Chapel Hill near Belford, and other Basaltic heights between it and Bamborough, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

5. V. sepium (Bush Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 286; Eng. Bot. 1515; Hook. Fl. Scot. 215; Berwick Flora, 161; Ray Syn. 321; α. In hedges and denes, common. β in hedges between Ryhope and Sunderland, D.

6. V. bithynica (Rough-podded Purple Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 287; Eng. Bot. 1842; With, iii. 839; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

295. ERVUM

1. E. tetraspermum (Smooth Tare)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 288; Eng. Bot. 1223; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 55; Hook. Fl. Scot. 216; In hedges and corn fields near Newcastle, N. Near Lambton and Darlington, D. At Norton, Billingham, and Wynyard. — J. Hogg, Esq.

2. E. hirsutum (Hairy Tare)

296. ORNITHOPUS

1. O. perpusillus (Common Bird's-foot)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 290; Eng. Bot. 369; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 53; Gr. Fl. Eds. 158; With. iii. 840; On Sunderland ballast-hills and on dry banks near Urpeth, D.

297. HIPPOCREPIS

1. H. comosa (Tufted Horse-shoe Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 291; Eng. Bot. 31; Hook. Fl. Scot. 216; With. iii. 841; On Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.— Mr. J. Backhouse, Sp.

298. HEDYSARUM

1. H. Onobrychis (Saint-foin)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 292; Eng. Bot. 96; With. iii. 842; In fields near Ryhope and on Harton-down Hill. On the Magnesian Limestone. In a field at the Salt Meadows near Gateshead, D., probably introduced by ballast.— Mr. John Thornhill, jun.

299. ASTRAGALUS

1. A. glycyphyllos (Sweet Milk Vetch, Wild Liquorice)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 294; Eng. Bot. 203; Hook. Fl. Scot. 217; With. iii. 844; Gr. Fl. Eds. 159; Berwick Flora, 161; On the banks of Wear near Durham, in Pella Wood, at Baydales near Darlington, and on the banks of Tees a little below the Abbey Bridge near Barnardcastle, D. Below Low Conniscliffe, D — S. Robson, Flora, 135. On the banks of Tyne above Ovingham, and at the Hermitage near Hexham, N. At Newburn. — Wilson, Syn. 207. On a hill called Cockle Hill, at Learmouth near Cornhill, upon the ramparts at Wark Castle on the Tweed, by the road to Carham, in hilly pastures at Manylaws under Flodden Hill, and in Warden Banks near Hexham.— Wallis, 106;. On the sea banks at Budle, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

2. A. hypoglottis (Purple Mountain Milk Vetch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. 294; Eng. Bot. 274; Sibth. 227; Gr. Fl. Eds. 159; With. iii. 843; Berwick Flora, 161; On the sandy banks of the sea coast near Whitburn, South Shields, Seaton Carew, and Blackwell Hall, six miles from Hartlepool, D. Near the mouth of Tees, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. On the summit of Ratcheugh Crag near Alnwick, and on the links at Tynemouth, Dunstanborough, Holy Island, Budle, Bamborough, Beadnel, and north of Newbiggin, N. At Spittal Point and banks to the southward, also on the links below Scremmerston. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

300. MELILOTUS

1. M. officinalis (Common Melilot)

Hook. Br. Fl. 327; Trifolium officinale Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 297; Eng. Bot. 1340; Hook. Fl. Scot. 217; With. iii. 846; Berwick Flora, 162; In corn fields near Hetton, Houghton-le-Spring, Painsher, and Lumley, D. Near Whitley and Seaton, N. On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, abundant. N. and D. On the banks of the Wansbeck near Ashington, and near the bathing well at Cornhill, N. — Wallis, 197;. On the sea banks Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. M. leucantha (White-flowered Melilot)

Hook. Br. Fl. 327; Trifolium germanicum Smith in Rees's Cyclop.— ; See With. iii. 847; M. officinarum germaniae flore albo Tournef. Inst. 407; On Willington ballast-hills, N. At the Salt Meadows below Gateshead, D. Most probably introduced from the continent with ballast. Linnaeus might be correct in considering it a white-flowered variety of the common Melilot.

301. TRIFOLIUM

1. T. repens (White Trefoil, Dutch Clover)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 299; Eng. Bot. 1769; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 46; Hook. Fl. Scot. 218; Berwick Flora, 162; In meadows, pastures, and on reclaimed ground upon moors, common. Variety, with elongated flower-stalks, segments of the calyx leafy, and flowers pale red. Near Westoe and Marsden, D. On Holy Island, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. subterraneum (Subterraneous Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 300; Eng. Bot. 1045; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 54; With. iii. 848; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. W. Weighell's Herb.

3. T. ochroleucum (Sulphur-coloured Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 301; Eng. Bot. 1224; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 49; With. iii. 854; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D W. Weighell's Herb.

4. T. pratense (Common Purple Clover, Honeysuckle Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 302; Eng. Bot. 1770; Hook. Fl. Scot. 218; Berwick Flora, 163; In meadows and pastures, common.

5. T. medium (Zig-zag Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 302; Eng. Bot. 190; Hook. Fl. Scot. 218; Berwick Flora, 163; On dry banks and barren places, frequent.

6. T. maritimum (Teasel-headed Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 303; Eng. Bot. 220; Hook. Lond. t. 57; With. iii. 855; On Willington ballast-hills, N. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

7. T. arvense (Hare's-foot Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 305; Eng. Bot. 944; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 50; Hook. Fl. Scot. 218; With. iii. 851; Berwick Flora, 164; On the banks at Friar's Goose near Gateshead, on Fulwell and Tunstall hills near Sunderland, and near Seaton, D. On the bank of Till near Wooler, and near Barwesford, N. Near Bamborough and in the bed of Wooler Water, also on the Heugh at Holy Island, and Chapel Hill near Belford.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. At Ingram, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

8. T. scabrum (Rough Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 306; Eng. Bot. 903; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 48; Gr. Fl. Eds. 161; With, iii. 849; Berwick Flora, 164; In Bishopwearmouth Paddock near Sunderland, D. On rocks at Holy Island, N.

9. T. glomeratum (Round-headed Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 307; Eng. Bot. 1063; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 51; With. iii. 849; On the ballast-hills of Wear, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

10. T. striatum (Soft-knotted Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 307; Eng. Bot. 1843; With. iii. 850; Gr. Fl. Eds. 161; Berwick Flora, 164; On banks at Friar's Goose, on hills near Whitburn, Cleadon, and Sunderland, and at Baydales near Darlington, D. On rocks at Holy Island, Dunstanborough and Bamborough, N. On Basaltic heights from Kyloe to Bamborough, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. T. fragiferum (Strawberry- headed Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 308; Eng. Bot. 1050; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 55; Gr. Fl. Eds. 1161; With. iii. 856; On the banks of Halypike Loch, and on the shores of Tyne below Elswick, N. In marshes by the lower part of Tees, and near Seaton and Hartlepool, D.

12. T. procumbens (Hop Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 309; Eng. Bot. 945; Gr. Fl. Eds. 162; Berwick Flora, 164; T. agrarium Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 45; Hudson, 328; In dry fields and pastures, common.

13. T. minus (Lesser Yellow Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 310; Eng. Bot. 1256; Berwick Flora, 164; Hook. Fl. Scot. 220; T. filiforme Sm. Fl. Brit. 793; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 310; Eng. Bot. 1257; Hook. Fl. Scot. 220; α In dry fields and pastures, frequent. β on the Magnesian Limestone at Fulwell, Whitburn, Cleadon, and Castle Eden, D.

302. LOTUS

1. L. corniculatus (Common Bird's-foot Trefoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 312; Eng. Bot. 2090; Hook. Fl. Scot. 220; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. 56; Berwick Flora, 164; L. major Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 313; Eng. Bot. 2091; Gr. Fl. Eds. 163; Berwick Flora, 165; L. corniculatus Fl. Brit. 794; Hook. Fl. Scot. 220; α On dry banks, but most abundant on the sea coast. β in woods and hedges not uncommon.

303. MEDICAGO

1. M. sativa (Lucerne, Purple Medick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 317; Eng. Bot. 1749; Hook. Fl. Scot. 220; With. iii. 861; Berwick Flora, 165; Near Silksworth, D. At Croft, D Rev. J. Symons. On the ballast hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. In the field above the quarry at Sunnyside, about a mile south of Berwick. — Dr. Thompson. Near Gun's Green Hill. — Rev. A. Bair D. That the Lucerne has been introduced from the Continent there can be no doubt.

2. M. falcata (Yellow Sickle Medick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 317; Eng. Bot. 1016; With. iii. 862; On Wellington ballast-hills, N. On the Salt Meadows near Gateshead Ropery, and Sunderland ballast-hills, D.

3. M. lupulina (Black Medick, or Nonesuch)

4. M. maculata (Spotted Medick)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 319; Sibth. 232; Medicago polymorpha Eng. Bot. 1616; Curt. Lond. Fast iii. t. 47; With. iii. 864; On the quay above South Shields, D. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. Under the Banqueting House at Alnwick, N.— Miss Forster, delin.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA

304. HYPERICUM

1. H. Androsoemum (Tutsan, Park Leaves)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 323; Eng. Bot. 1225; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 48; Hook. Fl. Scot. 221; With. iii. 865; Near Birch Carr, three miles east of Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. By a plantation at Twinkham Lea near Seaton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

2. H. quadrangulum (Square St. John's-wort, St. Peters- wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 324; Eng. Bot. 370; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 52; Hook. Fl. Scot. 221; With. iii. 867; Berwick Flora, 167; By rivers, and in woods and denes, not very common. In Hulne Woods near Alnwick, N.— Mr. J. Davison.

3. H. perforatum (Perforated St. John's-wort)

4. H. dubium (Imperforate St. John's-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 326; Eng. Bot. 296; With. iii. 868; Hook. Fl. Scot. 221; Near Oakwood and Ovingham, N. Near Middleton-in-Teesdale and Eglestone, also in Gibside Woods and by the Derwent near Swalwell Bridge, D. Between Newburn and Wylam, and in the Ollers between Ovingham and Ovington, N. At Hollinside, D.— Mr. R.B. Bowman.

5. H. humifusum (Trailing St. John's-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 326; Eng. Bot. 1226; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 50; Gr. Fl. Eds. 163; With. iii. 868; Berwick Flora, 167; In sandy or gravelly places, but not common. Near Neville's Cross, D. In Heaton Dene, N.

6. H. montanum (Mountain St. John's-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 327; Eng. Bot. 371; Hook. Fl. Scot. 222; With. iii. 869; On the Magnesian Limestone in Hawthorn, Ryhope, Dalton and Castle Eden Denes, and near Harrington, D.

7. H. hirsutum (Hairy St. John's-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 328; Eng. Bot. 1156; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 49; Gr. Fl. Eds. 164; With. iii. 870; Berwick Flora, 168; In woods and hedges, frequent.

8. H. pulchrum (Small Upright St. John's-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 329; Eng. Bot. 1227; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 56; With. iii. 871; Gr. Fl. Eds. 164; Berwick Flora, 168; In woods, denes, and bushy places, by no means rare.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS

305. TRAGOPOGON

1. T. pratensis (Yellow Goat's-beard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 337; Eng. Bot. 434; Hook. Fl. Scot. 226; Berwick Flora, 172; In meadows and pastures, not uncommon.

2. T. major

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1493; Jacq. Aust. i. t. 29; Sparingly scattered over the whole of North Durham, N.— Dr. G. Johnston, MSS. One of the most interesting additions made of late years to the English Flora.

306. PICRIS

1. P. echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 339; Eng. Bot. 972; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 51; With. iii. 877; Berwick Flora, 173; Helminthia echioides Hook. Br. Fl. 338; On St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. On the sea coast between Whitburn and Sunderland, and between Stockton and Norton, where it was observed by Lawson. — See Wilson's Syn. 37; also near Seaton, D. By the Sunderland road near East Boldon. — Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. In lanes south of Billingham. — J. Hogg, Esq. On Cleadon Hills, near Suter Point, D. — Rev. J. Symons. By the Pier road near the Limekiln, Berwick. — Dr. Thompson. Not found in Scotland.

2. P. hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 339; Eng. Bot. 196; Hook. Fl. Scot. 226; With. iii. 878; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. At the lower end of Hawthorn Dene, D. At Baydales near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Norton, D J. Hogg, Esq.

307. SONCHUS

1. S. arvensis (Corn Sow-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 342; Eng. Bot. 674; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 53; Hook. Fl. Scot. 226; Berwick Flora, 173; In corn fields and on hedge banks, frequent.

3. S. oleraceus (Common Sow-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 343; Eng. Bot. 843; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 227; Berwick Flora, 173; α, β, γ, δ Every where, on cultivated and waste ground.

308. LACTUCA

1. L. virosa (Strong-scented Lettuce)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 345; Eng. Bot. 1957; Woodv. Supp. t. 250; With. iii. 883; Gr. Fl. Eds. 166; Berwick Flora, 173; On the bank between the Castle at Barnardcastle and the River Tees, near Harton, Cocken, and Darlington, and by hedge sides near Low Team, D. In a hedge near Cleadon.— Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. Near Norton, Stockton, and Billingham, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. On the banks of Tweed above Coldstream Bridge, also near Cullercoats, N. From the Union Bridge to Norham Castle, also near Twizell Toll-barDr. G. Johnston.

309. PRENANTHES

1. P. muralis (Ivy-leaved Wall-lettuce)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 348; Eng. Bot. 457; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 227; With. iii. 884; On rocks in damp woods, and on old walls, but not very frequent.

310. LEONTODON

1. L. Taraxacum (Common Dandelion)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 349; Eng. Bot. 510; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 58; Woodv. t. 3; Hook. Fl. Scot. 227; Berwick Flora, 174; L. palustre Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 350; Eng. Bot. 553; Hook. Fl. Scot. 227; With. iii. 886 var. 3; Berwick Flora, 174; α. On cultivated ground, and in meadows and pastures, everywhere. β At Prestwick Carr, N. Near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On Seaton Moor in marshy places, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse.

311. APARGIA

1. A. hispida (Rough Hawkbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 351; Hook. Fl. Scot. 227; Berwick Flora, 175; Hedypnois hispida Eng. Bot. 554; Leontodon hispidum Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 56; With. iii. 888; In pastures, common.

2. A. autumnalis (Autumnal Hawkbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 353; Hook. Fl. Scot. 228; Berwick Flora, 175; Hedypnois autumnalis Eng. Bot. 830; Leontodon autumnale With. iii. 887; In meadows and pastures, common.

3. A. hirta (Deficient Hawkbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii, 352; Hook. Fl. Scot. 228; Hedypnois hiria Eng. Bot. 554; Leontodon hirtum Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 59; With. iii. 889; Thrincia hirta Hook. Br. Fl. 341; On dry pastures and on heaths, but not very common; on the Sea banks between Tynemouth and Cullercoats, N.

312. HIERACIUM

1. H. Pilosella (Mouse-ear Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 356; Eng. Bot. 1093; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 54; Hook. Fl. Scot. 229; With. iii. 890; Berwick Flora, 175; On dry banks and in open pastures, not rare.

2. H. murorum (Wall Hawkweed, Golden Lungwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 359; Eng. Bot. 2082; Gr. Fl. Eds. 168; With. iii. 896; Berwick Flora, 175; H. maculatum Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 360; Eng. Bot. 2121; α On Limestone rocks and in woods at Hilton, Ryehope, Hawthorn, and Castle Eden Denes, also on the banks of Tyne at Hebburn Quay, D. On the banks of Tweed beyond Yarrow Haugh Thompson's Berwick Plants; also from Ord Mill to above the Union Bridge, and on rocks above Kiloe. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Swansfield, N. — Mr. J. Davison. β Near Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

3. H. sylvaticum (Wood Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 361; Eng. Bot. 2031; Berwick Flora, 175; Gr. Fl. Eds. 169; With. iii. 898; Hieracium — Northumberland and Durham Guide, vol. i. No. 686, and ii. preface vi; On old coal-pit heaps and barren ground near Gateshead and Newcastle, N. and D. On the Towns' Walls and Garden Walls near the Fever Hospital, and on St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N. Near Tweedmouth, between the Foundry and Spittal, and by the Till at Wooler Bridge, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

4. H. paludosum (Succory-leaved Mountain Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 363; Eng. Bot. 1094; Gr. Fl. Eds. 169; With. iii. 895; Berwick Flora, 175; In moist woods and boggy places, not rare, N. and D. At West Ord near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. H. sabaudum (Shrubby broad-leaved Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 367; Eng. Bot. 349; Hook. Fl. Scot. 233; Berwick Flora, 176; In denes, woods, and thickets, frequent.

6. H. umbellatum (Narrow-leaved Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 369; Eng. Bot. 1771; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 58; Hook. Fl. Scot. 233; With. iii. 899; Berwick Flora, 176; Near South Shields Law, and on the banks forming the coast at Rocoe-gill near Monkwearmouth, D. In Schull Wood, D Mr. J. Backhouse. Near Henshaw and Bavington, N — Miss Emma Trevelyan.

313. CREPIS

1. C. foetida (Stinking Hawk's-beard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 370; Eng. Bot. 406; With. iii. 900; Borkhansia foetida Hook. Br. Fl. 347; On St. Anthon's and Willington ballast-hills, N. On the Sunderland ballast-hills, D.

2. C. tectorum (Smooth Hawk's-beard, Smooth Succory Hawkweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 372; Eng. Bot. 1111; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 55; Hook. Fl. Scot. 233; Berwick Flora, 176; In dry meadows, pastures, and on walls, frequent.

3. C. biennis (Rough Hawk's-beard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 373; Eng. Bot. 149; With. iii. 902; In fields near Team, South Shields Law, and Whitburn, D. On the coast south of Sunderland, D — Mr. R. Waugh. Near Elswick, and between Newcastle and Jesmond, also at Newbiggin on the coast, N. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. These appear its most northern localities.

314. HYPOCHAERIS

1. H. glabra (Smooth Cat's-ear)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 375; Eng. Bot. 575; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 53; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.

2. H. radicata (Long Rooted Cat's-ear)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 376; Eng. Bot. 831; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 52; With. iii. 905; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; Berwick Flora, 176; On cultivated and waste ground, common.

315. LAPSANA

1. L. communis (Nipple-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 377; Eng. Bot. 844; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 234; Berwick Flora, 176; Under hedges and on waste ground, common.

316. CICHORIUM

1. C. Intybus (Wild Succory)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 379; Eng. Bot. 539; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 56; Woodv. Supp. 248; Gr. Fl. Eds. 171; With. iii. 906; Berwick Flora, 177; By no means common in the north. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, in fields near Sunderland, Milkhouse Bourn, and near Murton House, D. Near Wynyard and Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Near Snipperley, D.— Rev. J. Symons. By the Tweed opposite Spring Gardens. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. In Linden Dene. — C. W. Bigge, Esq., Sp. On Alnwick Moor. — Miss Forster, delin. On the borders of corn fields about Willington and Howdon Pans, N. The Blue flowered Mountain Sonchus or Sow-thistle. — Wallis, 186;.

317. ARCTIUM

1. A. Lappa (Burdock, Clot-bur)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 380; Eng. Bot. 1228; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 55; Woodv. t. 15; Hook. Fl. Scot. 235; Berwick Flora, 177; A. Bardana Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 381; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1632; Berwick Flora, 177; Eng. Bot. 2478; A. Lappa Hook. Fl. Scot. 235; α and β By way sides and on waste ground, not rare. The variety β differs from α by a cobweb-like down on its calyx.

318. SERRATULA

1. S. tinctoria (Common Saw-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 382; Eng. Bot. 38; With. iii. 909; Hook. Fl. Scot. 235; On Cleadon Hills, on the sea coast near Whitburn, on hedge banks near Hilton Ferry, at Hamsterley, and near Winch Bridge, Teesdale, D. Near Norton. — J. Hogg, Esq. In fields near Walker, N. At West Dipton near Hexham, N. — Wallis, 190;.

319. CARDUUS

1. C. nutans (Musk Thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 384; Eng. Bot. 1112; Gr. Fl. Eds. 171; With. iii. 913; Wilson, Syn. 54; Berwick Flora, 178; Hook. Eng. Fl. 349; On waste ground and in fallow fields, not rare.

2. C. acanthoides (Curled, or Welted Thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 385; Eng. Bot. 973; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 911; Berwick Flora, 178; By road sides, common. west of Newcastle, N. and D.

3. C. tenuiflorus (Slender-flowered Thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 385; Eng. Bot. 412; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 55; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 912; Berwick Flora, 178; On the borders of fields and by road sides, not rare; but most abundant near the sea coast, N. and D.

4. C. marianus (Milk Thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 386; Eng. Bot. 976; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 54; Gr. Fl. Eds. 172; With. iii. 915; Berwick Flora, 178; On Holy Island opposite the rock called St. Cuthbert's Island, by Willington Bourn near Howdon Pans, in Tynemouth Castle Yard, where it was noticed by Wallis, and near Close House, N. At Hartlepool, and on the banks of Wear at Durham. At Haughton. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On Bank Hill and other parts of the Ramparts, and on Castle Banks, Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

320. CNICUS

1. C. lanceolatus (Spear Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 387; Hook. Fl. Scot. 236; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus lanceolatus Eng. Bot. 107; With. iii. 912; On waste ground, common.

2. C. palustris (Marsh Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 388; Hook. Fl. Scot. 236; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus palustris Eng. Bot. 974; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 56; With. iii. 910; In moist meadows and marshy places, frequent.

3. C. arvensis (Creeping Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 389; Hook. Fl. Scot. 237; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus arvensis Eng. Bot. 975; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 57; With. iii. 914; On cultivated land and by road sides, common. var. flore albo, at Holy Island, N.

4. C. eriophorus (Woolly-headed Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 390; Gr. Fl. Eds. 173; Carduus eriophorus Eng. Bot. 386; With. iii. 915; In the lane near the Quarry at Fulwell, D. Between Pittington Hall-garth and Elemore, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse. Under the hill by the Church at Wallsend, N. — Wallis, 187;.

5. C. heterophyllus (Melancholy Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 392; Gr. Fl. Eds. 173; Berwick Flora, 179; Carduus heterophyllus Eng. Bot. 675; With. iii. 917; By the road side near Haltwhistle, in ditches north of Cambo, on the banks of Tyne at the King's Meadows, also near Allendale Town, at Shewing Shields, on the banks of Reed, and at the foot of Cheviot, N. Near Roadley and Long Witton. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Common in moist alpine woods, N. — Wallis, 186;. On Teesdale Forest, in Gibside Woods, Castle Eden Dene, and near Saltwellside, and on the banks of Tyne opposite Scotswood, D.

6. C. pratensis (Meadow Plume-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 393; Hook. Fl. Scot. 237; Carduus pratensis Eng. Bot. 177; With. iii. 916; In Twizell House Wood. — Rev. J. Dodd, Turner and Dillwyn's Guide. There is a specimen in Weighell's Herbarium, marked the county Durham. — Mrs. S. Brand. Wallis, at p. 186;, mentions Cnicus acaulis as "not unfrequent in mountainous pastures and on dry banks," but never having met with this plant in the north of England, and our sub-alpine pastures being an unlikely situation for this native of the chalky downs of the south; I conclude the author of the History of Northumberland, must have mistaken the species.

321. ONOPORDUM

1. O. Acanthium (Cotton-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 395; Eng. Bot. 977; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 57; Hook. Fl. Scot. 238; With. iii. 919; Berwick Flora, 179; On waste ground and hedge banks, but not very common, except near the sea coast. Near the Scotch Gate, Berwick. — Dr. Thompson.

322. CARLINA

1. C. vulgaris (Common Carline)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 397; Eng. Bot. 1144; Hook. Fl. Scot. 238; With. iii. 920; Berwick Flora, 180; On dry heathy pastures, not rare; also on the sea coast.

323. BIDENS

1. B. tripartita (Trifid Bur-marygold)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 398; Eng. Bot. 1113; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 57; With. iii. 921; Hook. Fl. Scot. 238; In ditches at Lamesley, near Chester-le-Street, and Durham, D. At Prestwick Carr, N. In a ditch near Corbridge, N. — Mr. F. Scott.

2. B. cernua (Nodding Bur-marvgold)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 399; Eng. Bot. 1114; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 55; With. iii. 921; Gr. Fl. Eds. 174; In ditches near Chester-le-Street, D. At Prestwick Carr, N. Near Crow Hall Mill opposite Ridley Hall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

324. EUPATORIUM

1. E. cannabinum (Hemp-agrimony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 400; Eng. Bot. 428; Hook. Fl. Scot. 238; Berwick Flora, 180; On the banks of rivers and in watery places.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA

325. TANACETUM

1. T. vulgare (Common Tansey)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 405; Eng. Bot. 1229; Woodv. t. 115; Berwick Flora, 180; Hook. Fl. Scot. 239; β Dill. Ray's Syn. 188; With. iii. 925 var. 2; α On the borders of fields and banks of rivers, N. and D. By the Tweed and Till, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. β in a lane near Wolsington Hall, N. By the Tees near Conniscliffe, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

326. ARTEMISIA

1. A. maritima (Sea Wormwood)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 407; Woodv. t. 122; Eng. Bot. 1700; Gr. Fl. Eds. 175; With. iii. 926; Berwick Flora, 181; Hook. Br. Fl. 355; A. gallica Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 408; Eng. Bot. 1001 and 1706, at the bottom; Gr. Fl. Eds. 174; Berwick Flora, 181; α On the shores of Wear near Hilton Castle, also at Hartlepool and Seaton, D. Near the Tees' mouth, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On the shores of Tyne at Coble Dene, and at the mouth of Wallsend Bourn, N. On the coast beyond Goswick, and on Emblestones. Thompson's Berwick Plants. On a rock near Howick, called Rumble-churn. — Wallis, 169;. S by Coble Dene and Wallsend Bourn, and on a rock called St. Cuthbert's Island, Holy Island, N., where it was observed by Turner. — See Wallis, 169;. The variety β, Upright-flowered Sea Wormwood, may be distinguished from α by its flowers being erect, those of α droop. This cannot be a specific difference I should presume.

2. A. Absinthium (Common Wormwood)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 408; Eng. Bot. 1230; Woodv. t. 120; Hook. Fl. Scot. 239; Berwick Flora, 181; About villages and on waste ground, particularly abundant near the sea coast.

3. A. vulgaris (Mugwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 409; Eng. Bot. 978; Woodv. t. 121; Hook. Fl. Scot. 240; Berwick Flora, 182; On waste ground and about hedges, common.

327. GNAPHALIUM

1. G. dioicum (Mountain Cudweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 413; Eng. Bot. 267; Lightfoot, 470, t. 20, f. 1; With. iii. 930; Wilson's Syn. 46; Berwick Flora, 182; On dry heathy pastures and moors, N. and D.

2. G. rectum (Upright Cudweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 415; Eng. Bot. 124; Berwick Flora, 182; With. iii. 931; G. sylvaticum Hook. Fl. Scot. 340; Hudson, 360; In woods and sandy pastures, but not very common N. and D. In the Quarry on Sunnyside Moor, at Ord Hill, and road side above Fenham, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. G. uliginosum (Marsh Cudweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 416; Eng. Bot. 1194; Hook. Fl. Scot. 241; Berwick Flora, 182; In sandy places where water has stagnated, frequent.

4. G. minimum (Least Cudweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 417; Eng. Bot. 1157; Hook. Fl. Scot. 241; Berwick Flora, 182; In barren sandy places, not rare.

5. G. germanicum (Common Cudweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 418; Eng. Bot. 946; Hook. Lond. t. 43; Fl. Scot. 241; Berwick Flora, 182; In barren fields and on waste ground, frequent.

328. CONYZA

1. C. squarrosa (Plowman's Spikenard)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 420; Eng. Bot. 1195; Fl. Scot. 241; With. iii. 935; On Willington ballast-hills, N.

329. ERIGERON

1. E. canadense (Canada Flea-bane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 421; Eng. Bot. 2019; With. iii. 936; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

2. E. acre (Blue Flea-bane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 422; Eng. Bot. 1158; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 60; Hook. Fl. Scot. 242; With. iii. 937; Berwick Flora, 183; In Castle Eden Dene, also at Fawdon-slate and Byers's Quarry near Whitburn, on the sand-hills at Hartlepool, and on Hebburn and Sunderland ballast-hills, D. At Hesledon Dene, and pastures at Owton, near Greatham, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. On Holy Island links north of the Castle, and on St. Anthon's and Willington ballast-hills, N.

330. TUSSILAGO

1. T. Farfara (Colt's-foot)

2. T. Petasites (Common Butter-bur)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 425; Eng. Bot. 431; Berwick Flora, 183; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 59; T. hybrida Eng. Bot. 430; With. iii. 940; T. Petasites foem Hook. Lond. t. 129; Gr. Fl. Eds. 177; α In moist woods and on the sandy banks of rivers; β on the banks of Tyne at the foot of Scotswood dene, in Walbottle Dene, and near Haltwhistle, N. On the banks of the Derwent at Derwenthaugh, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

331. SENECIO

1. S. vulgaris (Common Groundsel, Simson)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 428; Eng. Bot. 747; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 61; Hook. Fl. Scot. 243; On cultivated ground, everywhere.

2. S. viscosus (Stinking Groundsel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 429; Eng. Bot. 32; Gr. Fl. Eds. 178; With. iii. 941; Berwick Flora, 184; By road sides and on the ballast-hills. Near Seaton and Hartlepool, D. Near Benwell, Alemouth, and in Heaton Dene, N. About the Riding Stable at Easington near Belford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. sylvaticus (Mountain Groundsel)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 430; Eng. Bot. 748; Berwick Flora, 184; Hook. Fl. Scot. 244; With. iii. 942; S. lividus Linn. Sp. Pl. 1216; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 429; Eng. Bot. 2515; Hook. Fl. Scot. 243; Lindley's Syn. 146; With. iii. 943; On hedge banks in Jesmond fields, and similar situations about Newcastle, not rare, N. and D. In Teesdale near Middleton, and in Raby Park, D. In the lane between Sadbergh and Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston. On Alnwick Moor, N. — Mr. J. Davison. Variety β is the same plant in a more luxuriant state, from growing on fresh turned-up ground.

4. S. tenuifolius (Hoary Ragwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 432; Eng. Bot. 574; Berwick Flora, 184; With. iii. 944; S. erucifolius Hudson, 366; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 64; By hedges in the Magnesian Limestone district, frequent. At Baydales near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. On the banks of Tweed near Ord Mill, N. — Dr. Thompson.

5. S. Jacobaea (Common Ragwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 433; Eng. Bot. 1130; Hook. Fl. Scot. 244; Berwick Flora, 184; In pastures and on waste ground, common. A peculiar variety, with remarkably long petals, was gathered in 1828, about three quarters of a mile above Swalwell New Bridge, D., by Mr. John Thornhill, jun., Curator of the Newcastle Museum.

6. S. aquaticus (Marsh Ragwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 434; Eng. Bot. 1131; Gr. Fl. Eds. 179; With. iii. 946; Berwick Flora, 185; In marshy places, frequent.

7. S. saracenicus (Broad-leaved Ragwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 435; Eng. Bot. t. 2211; Hook. Fl. Scot. 244; With. iii. 947; By the bourn side near Hallington, between five and six miles south-west of Capheaton, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. Probably the out-cast of some garden.

332. ASTER

1. A. Tripolium (Sea Starwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 436; Eng. Bot. 87; Gr. Fl. Eds. 179; With. iii. 948; Berwick Flora, 185; On the sea coast and in salt marshes on Tweed, Aln, Blyth, Tyne, Wear, and Tees, N. and D.

333. SOLIDAGO

1. S. Virgaurea (Common Golden-rod)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 438; Eng. Bot. 301; Berwick Flora, 185; Hook. Fl. Scot. 244; S. cambrica Hudson, 307; With. iii. 950; α In woods and on dry banks of denes, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston, γ on Basaltic rocks at Winch Bridge, and Cauldron Snout in Teesdale, D.

334. INULA

1. I. Helenium (Elecampane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 440; Eng. Bot. 1546; Woodv. t. 108; Hook. Fl. Scot. 245; With. iii. 953; In Castle Eden Dene, on the north side, about a mile from the sea, D. — Mr. Janson, Sp. In many places by the River Tees, D. — Robson's Flora, 160.

2. I. dysenterica (Common Flea-bane)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 440; Eng. Bot. 1115; Berwick Flora, 185; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. 56; Hook. Fl. Scot. 245; With. iii. 954; Pulicaria dysenterica Hook. Br. Fl. 363; In ditches and damp places by road sides, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

335. DORONICUM

1. D. Pardalianches (Great Leopard's-bane)

Linn. Sp. Pl. 1247; Eng. Bot. 2654; Hook. Fl. Scot. 245; Br. Fl. 364; Fl. Lond. t. 88; Lightfoot, 485; Naturalized on the banks of Wear at Durham, below Mr. Fox's garden. Gathered on the cold mountains of Northumberland by Dr. Penny. — Gerard. A very unlikely habitat. I have a specimen of the Doronicum, figured in Eng. Bot. at 630, gathered by Mr. Maughan in woods near Culross, Perthshire.

336. BELLIS

1. B. perennis (Common Daisy)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 447; Eng. Bot. 424; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 62; Hook. Fl. Scot. 246; In meadows and pastures, everywhere.

337. CHRYSANTHEMUM

1. C. Leucanthemum (Great White Ox-eye, Moon Daisy)

2. C. segetum (Yellow Ox-eye, Corn Marygold)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 449; Eng. Bot. 540; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 60; Gr. Fl. Eds. 180; With. iii. 959; Berwick Flora, 187; Rare in the north of England. Near Rennoldson's Mill in Heaton Dene, and in corn-fields near Haltwhistle, N. On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. In corn fields near Norton, D. — John Hogg, Esq.

338. PYRETHRUM

1. P. Parthenium (Common Feverfew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 451; Eng. Bot. 1231; Hook. Fl. Scot. 246; Berwick Flora, 188; Matricaria Parthenium With. iii. 960; Woodv. t. 249; On hedge banks and in waste places, but generally near houses, N. and D. About Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. P. inodorum (Corn Feverfew, Scentless Mayweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 452; Eng. Bot. 676; Berwick Flora, 188; Hook. Fl. Scot. 246; Lond. t. 101; Chrysanthemum inodorum With. iii. 958; In corn fields and by way sides, everywhere; variety, flore pleno in fields near Castle Eden, D.

3. P. maritimum (Sea Feverfew)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 452; Eng. Bot. 979; Gr. Fl. Eds. 181; Berwick Flora, 188; Matricaria maritima With. iii. 960; On rocks below Hawthorn Dene, at Byers's Quarry, Whitburn, and on the sea coast near Sunderland, D. Near Tynemouth Castle, and on Dunstanborough and Bamborough Castle rocks, also at Holy Island, N.

339. MATRICARIA

1. M. Chamomilla (Common Wild Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 454; Eng. Bot. 1232; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 63; Hook. Fl. Scot. 246; With. iii. 961; On rubbish near Gateshead, Monkton,and Newcastle, and on the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D. By hedges about Ponteland, N. Near Twizell House Mill, N. — Rev. J. Dodd, Turner and Dillwyn's Guide.

340. ANTHEMIS

1. A. maritima (Sea Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 455; Eng. Bot. 2370; With. iii. 965; At Sunderland, D. — Mr. E. Robson in Eng. Bot, the only British locality. Probably gathered on the ballast-hills, but there was no specimen of this rare plant in W. Weighell's Herb.

2. A. nobilis (Common Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 456; Eng. Bot. 980; Woodv. t. 103; Hook. Fl. Scot. 247; With. iii. 963; Between Lintz-green Hall and the Turnpike, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill. On Sunderland ballast hills. — W. Weighell's Herb.

3. A. arvensis (Corn Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 457; Eng. Bot. 602; With. iii. 962; Gr. Fl. Eds. 181; Berwick Flora, 188; In corn fields and on rubbish near Gateshead, D. In Heaton Dene near Rennoldson's Mill, N. Near the inn at Doddington Moor Bank and Cheswick buildings. — Dr. G. Johnston. By the old tower near Magdalen-field Farm House. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

4. A. Cotula (Stinking May-weed, or Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 458; Eng. Bot. 1772; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 61; Gr. Fl. Eds. 182; With, iii. 963; By road sides near Harton, and among corn near Stella, D. Rare in the north of England.

5. A. tinctoria (Ox-eye Chamomile)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 459; Eng. Bot. 1472; Hook. Fl. Scot. 247; With. iii. 965; On a bank by the river Tees not far from Sockburn. — Ray, Syn, 183. It has often been sought there of late years without success. — Robson's Flora, printed in 1777, p. 168. On Sunderland ballast hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb. By the road side near St. Anthon's, N.

341. ACHILLEA

1. A. Ptarmica (Sneeze-wort, Yarrow, Goosetongue)

2. A. Millefolium (Common Yarrow, Milfoil)

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA

342. CENTAUREA

1. C. Jacea (Brown Radiant Knapweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 464; Eng. Bot. 1678; Hook. Fl. Scot. 248; On Willington ballast-hills, N. On Hebburn and Jarrow ballast-hills, D.

2. C. nigra (Black or Lesser Knapweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 465; Eng. Bot. 278; Hook. Fl. Scot. 248; Berwick Flora, 189; β flowers radiated — Ray, Syn. 199; With. iii. 970, var. 2. α In pastures and by road sides, common. β in Walbottle Dene, and near the Powder Magazine at Walker, N.

3. C. Cyanus (Corn Blue-bottle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 466; Eng. Bot. 277; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 62; Gr. Fl. Eds. 183; With, iii. 968; Berwick Flora, 189; Rare in the north of England. In corn fields on Millfield Plain, N. In Tweedmouth fields. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Between Anick Grange and Corbridge, N. — Mr. F. Scott. Near Conniscliffe. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Norton, Seaton, and Stainton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. In corn fields near Berwick, but not common. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Alnwick Moor, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

4. C. Scabiosa (Greater Knapweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 467; Eng. Bot. 56; Gr. Fl. Eds. 183; With. iii. 971; On the borders of fields, particularly on the Magnesian Limestone in the county of Durham.

5. C. Calcitrapa (Common Star-thistle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 468; Eng. Bot. 125; With. iii. 971; On the west end of St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N., where it has been naturalized for many years. On Hebburn and Jarrow ballast-hills, D.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA

343. CALENDULA

1. C. arvensis (Field Marigold)

With. iii. 972; Wild. Sp. Pl. iii. 2339; Naturalized on Sunderland ballast-hills, D. — W. Weighell's Herb. Scarcely entitled to a place in an English Flora, though admitted by the late Dr. Withering.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA

344. ORCHIS

1. O. bifolia (Butterfly Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 9; Eng. Bot. 22; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 65; Berwick Flora, 191; With. ii. 27; Habenaria bifolia Gr. Fl. Eds. 185; Ray, Syn. 380; α In meadows at Gibside, Beamish, Medomsley, Eglestone, Witton-le-Wear, Dinsdale, and Castle Eden, D. Near Woolcoats, Rothbury, Shewing-shields, Cambo, and Wallington, N. On mountainous meadows, N.— Wallis, 228;. On moors in the vicinity of Berwick, but not frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston. β In barren pastures near Fox Hill, between Norton and Sadbergh, six miles from Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

2. O. pyramidalis (Pyramidal Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 10; Eng. Bot. 110; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; Lond. t. 106; With. ii. 29; In fields on the Magnesian Limestone near Houghton-le-Spring, Castle Eden, and Hartlepool; on the coast south of Sunderland, also near Whitburn, Cleadon, Fullwell, and at Rocoe Gill, D. Near Gilsland, Haltwhistle, and Wooler, N. In the meadows on the north and north-west side of Crag Lake, under the Roman Wall, N.— Wallis, 227;.

3. O. Morio (Meadow Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 11; Eng. Bot. 2059; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 250; With. ii. 29; On Dunstan Haughs, D., near Prudhoe, N., and in similar situations, but not common. It does not occur in the vicinity of Berwick.

4. O. mascula (Early Purple Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 11; Eng. Bot. 631; Woodv. t. 90; Berwick Flora, 191; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 62; Hook. Fl. Scot. 250; With. ii. 30; In woods in Northumberland and Durham, frequent. also on the coast between South Shields and Sunderland, D.

5. O. ustulata (Dwarf Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 12; Eng. Bot. 18; With. ii. 31; Hook. Lond. t. 36; On Fulwell and Boldon Hills, on the sea coast near Marsden Cottage and Ryhope, and in pastures near the new bridge at Lambton Gate, D. At Baydales, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the east side of Cleadon Hills, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill.

6. O. albida (White Cluster-rooted Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 18; Satyrium albidum Eng. Bot. 505; With. ii. 39; Habenaria albida Hook. Lond. t. 107; Gr. Fl. Eds. 185; In pastures at Shewing Shields near the Roman Wall, also near Roadley Lake, Fallowlees Bourn, and Baybridge above Blanchland, N. At the north end of Crag Close near Barwesford. — Wallis, 229;. In a field between Cambo and the Close Houses, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. Near Winch Bridge, and between Whey Syke and Widdy Bank, also on the banks of Nucton Bourn, D.

7. O. viridis (Frog Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 20; Satyrium viride Eng. Bot. 94; With. ii. 37; Habenaria viridis Hook. Lond. t. 130; Fl. Scot. 252; In meadows at Chester-le-Street, Lambton, Beamish, Urpeth, Castle Eden, Murton, Sunderland, Shincliffe, and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. Between Norton and Sadbergh, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. Near Low Park End, Gilsland, and Blanchland, N. Near Wallington. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. At the north end of Crag Close near Barwesford. — Wallis, 229;. In Hulne woods near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison.

8. O. latifolia (Marsh Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 21; Eng. Bot. 2308; Berwick Flora, 192; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 65; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; With. ii. 33; β Dill. Ray's Syn. 382; α In bogs and marshy meadows, not rare. β at Prestwick Carr, N. Smith remarks that this variety has not been noticed since the time of Dillenius; it differs from α in having flowers of a full rose-red colour. I have gathered it in North Wales as well as in Northumberland, and am inclined to think it is not very rare, but has been overlooked by modern Botanists.

9. O. maculata (Spotted Palmate Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 22; Eng. Bot. 632; Hook. Fl. Scot. 251; Lond. t. 112; With. iii. 34; Berwick Flora, 192; In woods, meadows, and pastures, frequent.

10. O. conopsea (Aromatic Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 23; Eng. Bot. 10; With. ii. 35; Berwick Flora, 192; Gymnadenia conopsea Gr. Fl. Eds. 184; In Castle Eden and Dalton Dene, and in meadows near Urpeth, Beamish, Tanfield, Witton-le-Wear, and Sunderland, also on moors in Teesdale and Weardale, D. Near Norton and in Close Wood, also on the cliffs near Black-halls, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. In meadows at Shewing Shields, Wardrew, Hexham, and Corbridge, N. Near Wallington. — Miss Emma Trevelyan. On a bank by the road on the east side of Simonburn Castle, also on the north-west side of the Ostium of the brook at Wark in Tynedale, and on Broad-pool Common, between Con-shields and Blakelaw, near Simonburn, N. — Wallis, 227;. In moist meadows and pastures near Berwick not uncommon. — Dr. G. Johnston.

345. OPHRYS

1. O. muscifera (Fly Ophrys, or Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 29; Eng. Hot. 64; Hook. Lond. t. 31; With. ii. 47; On the Magnesian Limestone in Hawthorn, Dalton, and Castle Eden Denes, D. Near Middleton-one-Row.— Mr. E. Robson. At Dinsdale, D Mr. S. Robson.

2. O. apifera (Bee Ophrys, or Orchis)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 30; Eng. Bot. 383; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 66; With. ii. 48; On the Magnesian Limestone near the coast at Marsden, Rocoe-gill near Sunderland, and Ryehope, D. At Baydales, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

346. GOODYERA

1. G. repens (Creeping Goodyera)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 33; Hook. Fl. Scot. 253; Lond. 144; Satyrium repens Eng. Bot. 289; With. ii. 39; "I met with a plant of it in Ramshaw Wood by the the road to the mill on the south side of Wark Burn in Tynedale, N — Wallis, 232;." I have no better authority for inserting this northern plant, but wish some Botanist would carefully search Ramshaw Wood, and ascertain which of the Orchidae grow there. Assuredly not this rare inhabitant of the fir woods of Scotland.

347. LISTERA

1. L. ovata (Common Twayblade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 37; Hook. Fl. Scot. 253; Berwick Flora, 193; Ophrys ovata Eng. Bot. 22; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 60; With. iii. 43; In woods, marshy meadows, and hedge banks, not very common, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. L. cordata (Heart-leaved Mountain Twayblade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 38; Hook. Fl. Scot. 253; Lond. t. 143; Berwick Flora, 193; Gr. Fl. Eds. 186; Ophrys cordata Eng. Bot. 358; With. ii. 44; At Gold-hill near Muggleswick, and among the heath at Charnberry near Eglestone, D. On the banks of Beldon Bourn, and on moors in the vicinity, N. By Darden Lough, Roadley Lake, and on Simonside. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On moors to the south of Haltwhistle. — Rev. T. Baker. On the east side of Hedgehope, rather more than half-way up. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Rock Houses near Unthank, N.— Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. On Alpine bogs, not uncommon. N. — Wallis, 233;.

3. L. Nidus-avis (Bird's-nest Listera)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 38; Hook. Fl. Scot. 253; Lond. t. 58; Berwick Flora, 193; Gr. Fl. Eds. 186; Ophrys Nidus-avis Eng. Bot. 48; With. ii.; In Castle Eden and Hawthorn Denes, and Whorlton-haugh Wood, Cocken, D. In Capheaton and Wallington WoodsMiss Emma Trevelyan. In Willimoteswick Dene and near WardrewMr. J. Thompson, Sp. In Twizell woods, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

348. EPIPACTIS

1. E. latifolia (Broad-leaved Helleborine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 40; Hook. Fl. Scot. 254; Lond. t. 102; Serapias latifolia Eng. Bot. 269; With, ii. 51; In woods, not uncommon. In Heaton Wood near Newcastle, N.

2. E. palustris (Marsh Helleborine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 42; Hook. Fl. Scot. 254; Lond. t. 89; Berwick Flora, 193; Serapias palustris Eng. Bot. t. 270; With. ii. 52; In bogs at Hilton and Castle Eden, Butterby, Dinsdale and Cocken, D. Near Polam. — Mr. Backhouse. Near the Dyke House, Hartlepool. — Mr. J. Backhouse. At Norton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. In bogs near Hexham, N. Near Belsay, Roadley Mill, and KirkharleMiss Emma Trevelyan. In a bog at Slaterfield near Simonburn — Wallis, 230;. In the Pond Field above Spindlestone. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Alnwick, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

3. E. ensifolia (Narrow-leaved White Helleborine)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 44; Hook. Fl. Scot. 255; Lond. t. 77; Serapias ensifolia Eng. Bot. 494; With, ii. 53; In the main branch of Castle Eden Dene, and in the north branch or Black Dene, growing with the Lady's Slipper, D. — July 9, 1797. In Hawthorn Dene, D. — Rev. T. Baker.

349. MALAXIS

1. M. paludosa (Marsh Tender-tway-blade)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 47; Eng. Bot. 72; Hook. Fl. Scot. 255; With. ii. 50; In bogs on Eglestone Moor, Teesdale, D. On moors south of Wolsingham, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA

350. CYPRIPEDIUM

1. C. Calceolus (The Lady's Slipper)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 51; Eng. Bot. 1; Hook. Lond. t. 42; With. ii. 54; Robson's Flora, 150; In the north branch of Castle Eden Dene, called the Black Dene, and in the main branch opposite the Garden of Eden, also on the first great white rock on the north side nearest the sea coast, D. — July 9, 1797. I know not who first discovered this fine plant in the county of Durham; it is noticed by S. Robson in his Flora, printed in 1777; but Wilson, who published his Synopsis in 1744, only mentions its Yorkshire localities. "The Lady's Slipper, said by Dr. Turner to grow in a boggy place in a field at Newton-on-the-Moor, near Alnwick, N., is not now observed to grow there." — Wallis. The first edition of Turner's Herbal was printed in 1551, the second in 1568.

MONOECIA MONANDRIA

351. EUPHORBIA

1. E. Peplus (Petty Spurge)

Sm. Eng, Fl. iv. 60; Eng. Bot. 959; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t.35; Hook. Fl. Scot. 148; On cultivated ground, everywhere.

2. E. exigua (Dwarf Spurge)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 60; Eng. Bot. 1336; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 36; Gr. Fl. Eds. 106; With. ii. 588; Berwick Flora, 197; In corn fields near Cleadon, Fulwell, and Castle Eden, D. Near Norton, Wynyard, and Seaton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Near Prestwick. — Mr. W. Robertson. In Greenfield Moor-fields near Alnwick. — Mr. J. Davison. By the road side at the Inn below Mountholy, N. — Dr. G. Johnston

3. E. Lathyris (Caper Spurge)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 61; Eng. Bot. 2225; With. ii. 588; In corn stubble near Norton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. Naturalized on the banks of Wear below Mr. Fox's garden, Durham. A very doubtful native.

4. E. paralia (Sea Spurge)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 631; Eng. Bot. 195; With. ii. 589; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D. On Willington ballast-hills, N. Plentiful on the Cumberland coast, but it does not appear to cross the Solway Frith.

5. E. helioscopia (Sun Spurge, Common Wart-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 63; Eng. Bot. 883; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 36; Hook. Fl. Scot. 148; Everywhere, on cultivated ground.

6. E. striata (Upright Warty Spurge)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 64; β Eng. Bot. 333; E. platyphylla With. ii. 591, var. 2; By the race below Rennoldson's Mill in Heaton Dene, N. Probably brought there with corn.

7. E. Cyparissias (Cypress Spurge)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 66; Eng. Bot. 840; Gr. Fl. Eds. 106; With. ii. 593; On the banks of hedges four miles south of Alnwick. — July 17, 1804; and naturalized on the walls of Hulne Abbey, N.

352. CALLITRICHE

1. C. verna (Water Starwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 10; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 2; C. aquatica Eng. Bot. 722; Hook. Lond. 127; Fl. Scot. 259; In ditches, ponds, &c. When growing in deep pools the submersed leaves of this plant are linear, and in this state it has often been mistaken for the succeeding species.

2. C. autumnalis (Autumnal Water Starwort)

Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 2; Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 10; Berwick Flora, 3; In pools of water in the vale below Langley Ford at the foot of Cheviot. — Dr. G. Johnston. C. autumnalis may be considered a rare species with us, though it is abundant in the deep ditches which communicate with Derwentwater in Cumberland. If the following distinctions be attended to, the two plants can never be confounded with each other, as has heretofore frequently been the case. C. verna Fruit stalks with two bracteas at their base, fruit regularly tetragonal, each portion bluntly keeled at the back. C. autumnalis Fruit stalks without bracteas, fruit irregularly tetragonal, each portion broadly and acutely winged at the back. — Arnott, MSS.

253. ZOSTERA

1. Z. marina (Grass Wrack)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 5; Eng. Bot. 467; With. iii. 658; Hook. Lond. t. 35; Gr. Fl. Eds. 188; Berwick Flora, 2; At Jarrow Slake and Hartlepool, D. On Fenham Flats, N. Between Goswick Links and the Old Law — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Among the rejectamenta of the sea on the coast, abundant.

354. ZANNICHELLIA

1. Z. palustris (Horned Podweed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 70; Eng. Bot. 1844; With. ii. 8; Gr. Fl. Eds. 187; Berwick Flora, 197; In ditches near St. Peter's Quay, and in ponds at St. Anthon's', Walker, and Benwell, N. In ditches near Gateshead, in ponds near Hilton Castle, at Hebburn Quay, and Monkwearmouth, D. In the pond at Scremmerston Lime-kilns, and ditches near Windmill Hill, Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA

355. TYPHA

1. T. latifolia (Great Cat's-tail, or Reed-mace)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 71; Eng. Bot. 1455; With. ii. 163; Gr. Fl. Eds. 188; T. major Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 61; Berwick Flora, 197; In slow streams and pools, common. N. and D. In the mill pond at Grange Bourn and North Fluve near Goswick. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

2. T. angustifolia (Lesser Cat's-tail, or Reed-mace)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 72; Eng. Bot. 1456; With. ii. 163; Hook. Fl. Scot. 259; T. minor Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 62.; In a pond near the Friar's Goose, below Gateshead, D. In a pond by the road to Nesham from Darlington, D. — Mr. Janson.

356. SPARGANIUM

1. S. ramosum (Branched Bur-reed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 74; Eng. Bot. 744; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 66; With. ii. 164; Gr. Fl. Eds. 189; Berwick Flora, 198; In slow streams and pools.

2. S. simplex (Unbranched Upright Bur-reed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 75; Eng. Bot. 745; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 67; Gr. Fl. Eds. 189; With. ii. 164; Berwick Flora, 198; In pools and slow streams, N. and D. By the sides of the Lough on Holy Island, and in the pond above Spindlestone, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. natans (Floating Bur-reed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 75; Eng. Bot. 273; Gr. Fl. Eds. 189; With. ii. 164; S. simplex Hudson, 401; In the rivers Derwent and Team, D. In the Ousebourn in Heaton Dene, and in the River Pont, N. In Prestwick Carr, N. — Mr. J. Thornhill.

357. CAREX

1. C. dioica (Common Separate-headed Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 77; Eng. Bot. 543; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 139; With. ii. 129; Gr. Fl. Eds. 189; Berwick Flora, 198; In bogs near Hilton Castle, on Beamish Moor, Chester Common, and in Teesdale and Weardale, D. Near Darlington, D.— S. Robson, Flora 262. Near Shewing Shields, at Prestwick Carr, and on moors near Blanchland and Cold-cleugh, N.

2. C. pulicaris (Flea Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 78; Eng. Bot. 1051; Hook. Fl. Scot. 261; Lond. t. 177; With. ii. 130; Berwick Flora, 198; In marshy meadows and on moors, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. pauciflora (Few-flowered Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 79; Eng. Bot. 2041; Lightfoot, 543, t. 6, f. 2; With. ii. 131; In a peat moss between a public-house called Twice-brewed Ale and the south-west end of Crag Lake near the Roman Wall, and on the Muckle Moss, N.— June 29, 1803. The only English habitats.

4. C. stellulata (Little Prickly Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 80; Eng. Bot. 806; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 144; Berwick Flora, 198; With. ii. 131; Hook. Fl. Scot. 263; C. muricata Lightfoot, 549; Hudson, 406; In marshy meadows and on moors, not rare.

5. C. curta (White Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 81; Eng. Bot. 1386; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 145; With. ii. 132; Hook. Fl. Scot. 263; Berwick Flora, 198; In bogs near Edmond byers and Crook Oak, D. In Teesdale.— Rev. J. Harriman. By Halypike Lake, near Allenheads, in Beldon Bourn, and near Gilsland, N.— On Wallington moors.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In bogs near Berwick, not rare.— Dr. G. Johnston.

6. C. ovalis (Oval-spiked Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 82; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 148; Eng. Bot. 306; Hook. Fl. Scot. 263; With. ii. 133; Berwick Flora, 199; C. leporina Hudson, 404; Lightfoot, 547; In marshy meadows and on moors, not rare.

7. C. remota (Remote Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 84; Eng. Bot. 832; Hook. Fl. Scot. 263; With. ii. 133; Berwick Flora, 199; In Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, and in all the woods on the Derwent, D. In Tecket and Ramshaw woods, and on the banks of Wooler Water below Langley Ford, N.

8. C. arenaria (Sand Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 85; Eng. Bot. 928; Gr. Fl. Eds. 195; With. ii. 135 t. 20; Berwick Flora, 199; On the sands of the sea coast, frequent.

9. C. intermedia (Soft Brown Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 86; Eng. Bot. 2042; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 154; Hook. Fl. Scot. 262; Berwick Flora, 199; With. ii. 136; C. disticha Hudson, 403; In bogs and by slow streams not rare, N. and D. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

10. C. muricata (Greater Prickly Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 88; Eng. Bot. 1097; Hook. Fl. Scot. 262; With. ii. 138; C. spicata Hudson, 405; Lightfoot, 548; Near Darlington, D.

11. C. divulsa (Grey Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 89; Eng. Bot. 629; With. ii. 138; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 160; C. muricata Wahl. Fl. Suec. 589; Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

12. C. vulpina (Great Spiked Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 90; Eng. Bot. 307; Gr. Fl. Eds. 191; With. ii. 139; Berwick Flora, 199; On the shores of Tyne, Pont, Wear, Tees, Skerne, &c. N. and D. By the North Fluve at Goswick, and on the coast at Budle, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

13. C. paniculata (Great Panicled Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 92; Eng. Bot. 1064; Hook. Fl. Scot. 262; With. ii. 140; Berwick Flora, 200; On moors and in wet pastures, common.

14. C. pendula (Great Pendulous Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 95; Eng. Bot. 2315; Hook. Fl. Scot. 264; Berwick Flora, 200; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 63; With. ii. 142; In Ravensworth, Cocken, Beamish, and Urpeth Woods, also by the Wear near Southwick, D. By the Tees near Croft, D. — Mr. E. Robson. In Gibside Woods, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill. In Oakwood, Scotswood, Walbottle, and Denton Denes, N. On Bothal Banks, N Miss Emma Trevelyan.

15. C. sylvatica (Pendulous Wood Carex)

16. C. capillaris (Capillary Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 100; Eng. Bot. 2069; Hook. Fl. Scot. 265; With. ii. 148; Near Widdy Bank in Teesdale Forest, D., also on Cronkley Fell. Its most southern locality in Britain.

17. C. limosa (Green and Gold Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 102; Eng. Bot. 2043; Hook. Fl. Scot. 265; With. ii. 152; Berwick Flora, 200; Near Wardrew, N. On the Wallington Moors, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

18. C. pallescens (Pale Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 105; Eng. Bot. 2185; Hook. Lond. 178; Gr. Fl. Eds. 195; With. ii. 151; Berwick Flora, 201; Near Beamish and the Hounds, at Birch Carr Near Darlington, and on the banks of Nuckton Burn, D. In bogs near Scotswood, and at Shewing-shields, and Gilsland, N. On the banks of Wooler Water below Langley Ford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

19. C. flava (Yellow Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 106; Eng. Bot. 1294; Hook. Fl. Scot. 266; With. ii. 144; Berwick Flora, 201; In boggy meadows and on wet moors, frequent.

20. C. Oederi (Oederian Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 107; Eng. Bot. 1773; C. flava Hook. Fl. Scot. 266; On wet moors, not rare. A dwarf variety of the last species I suspect.

21. C. fulva (Tawny Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 107; Eng. Bot. 1295; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 177, t. 20, f. 6; Hook. Fl. Scot. 266; C. flava With. ii. 145 var. 2; In bogs at Ryhope and Hilton, D. On the south side of the Ropery above Shields Law, D.— Mr. R. Waugh. At Birch Carr Near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. At Prestwick Carr, and on the Muckle Moss near the Roman Wall, N.

22. C. extensa (Long-bracteated Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 108; Eng. Bot. 833; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 175, t. 21, f. 7; With. ii. 140; Gr. Fl. Eds. 195; Near the sea coast in a marsh on the Wear at Hilton Castle, as well as at Hartlepool and Seaton, also in the west of the county of Durham, and on bogs in Waskerley Park, D. In bogs at Spencer's Quarry near Medomsley, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill. On the sea beach north of the town at Holy Island, N, — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

23. C. distans (Loose Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 109; Eng. Bot. 1234; Hook. Fl. Scot. 267; With. ii. 147; In boggy ground near the sea coast at Hilton Castle, and near the Law at South Shields, D. At the mouth of Tees, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. On marshy ground near Willington Bourn, N. All these may be considered maritime localities.

24. C. binervis (Green-ribbed Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 110; Eng. Bot. 1235; With. ii. 147; Berwick Flora, 201; C. distans Lightfoot, 561; Hook. Fl. Scot. 267; On boggy and wet moors, frequent. On Newcastle Town Moor, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

25. C. praecox (Vernal, or Spring Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 111; Eng. Bot. 1099; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 170; Hook. Fl. Scot. 207; Lond. t. 22; With. ii. 143; Berwick Flora, 201; C. saxatilis Hudson, 408; On moors and in barren pastures.

26. C. pilulifera (Round-headed Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 112; Eng. Bot. 885; Hook. Fl. Scot. 267; Berwick Flora, 201; With. ii. 154; C. montana Hudson, 407; In moist meadows and on moors, not rare.

27. C. panicea (Pink-leaved Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 114; Eng. Bot. 1505; Hook. Fl. Scot. 267; With. ii. 148; Berwick Flora, 201; In moist meadows and pastures, common.

28. C. recurva (Glaucous Heath Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 114; Eng. Bot. 1506; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 184; Hook. Fl. Scot. 268; With. ii. 150; Berwick Flora, 202; C. Micheliana Eng. Bot. 2236; α On moors and in moist meadows, everywhere. β in bogs near Hilton Castle, D.

29. C. rigida (Rigid Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 116; Eng. Bot. 2047; Berwick Flora, 202; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 193, t. 22, f. 10; With. ii. 156; C. caespitosa Hook. Fl. Scot. 268; C. saxatilis Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 247 according to specimens from the late Dr. Swartz; On the summit of Cheviot, N., July 22d, 1804. On Teesdale Forest near the Cauldron Snout, D.

30. C. caespitosa (Tufted Bog Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 117; Eng. Bot. 1507; With. ii. 156; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 195, t. 21, f. 8; Hook. Fl. Scot. 268; Berwick Flora, 202; In marshy meadows and on moors, not rare.

31. C. stricta (Glaucous Straight-leaved Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 118; Eng. Bot. 914; Hook. Fl. Scot. 208; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 190, t. 21, f. 9; With. ii. 157; C. caespitosa Hudson, 412; C. caespitosa Lightfoot, 561; In the marsh behind St. Anthon's ballast-hills, on the banks of the Ousebourn near Haddrick's Mill, and in Heaton Wood, N. In Westcrow Bourn near Wolsingham, and at Hell Kettles Near Darlington, also by the Tyne below Gateshead, D.

32. C. acuta (Slender Spiked Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 119; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 203; Berwick Flora, 202; Hook. Fl. Scot. 269; With. ii. 160; Eng. Bot. 580; C. gracilis Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 62.; By the river Skerne near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the banks of Tweed from West Ord to the Chain Bridge. — Dr. G. Johnston.

33. C. paludosa (Lesser Common Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 120; Eng. Bot. 807; Hook. Fl. Scot. 269; Berwick Flora, 203; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 202; With. ii. 159; C. acuta Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 61.; In bogs and on the banks of slow rivers, frequent.

34. C. riparia (Great Common Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 121; Eng. Bot. 579; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 60; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 200; Hook. Fl. Scot. 269; With. ii. 158; C. acuta Hudson, 413; Lightfoot, 565; On the banks of rivers and in marshy places, frequent.

35. C. laevigata (Smooth-stalked Beaked Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 122; Eng. Bot. 1387; Hook. Fl. Scot. 269; With. ii. 159; Gr. Fl. Eds. 199; Berwick Flora, 203; On the banks of Wooler Water below Langley Ford, and at the base of the hill at Hepburn near Chillingham, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

30. C. vesicaria (Short-spiked Bladder Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 123; Eng. Bot. 779; Hook. Fl. Scot. 269; With. ii. 161; Gr. Fl. Eds. 199; C. inflata Lightfoot, 567; On the banks of the river Team, in bogs near Castle Eden, and near Darlington, D. In Heaton Wood, by Craglake near Shewing-shields, and on the Muckle Moss, N. On moors near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. At Prestwick Carr, N.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

37. C. ampullacea (Slender-beaked Bladder Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 124; Eng. Bot. 780; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 207; Hook. Fl. Scot. 270; With, ii. 101; Berwick Flora, 203; C. vesicaria Hudson, 413; Lightfoot, 566; On the banks of lakes, rivers, and on bogs, N. and D. On the Wallington Moors, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the vicinity of Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

38. C. hirta (Hairy Carex)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 125; Eng. Bot. 685; Hook. Fl. Scot. 270; With. ii. 162; Berwick Flora, 203; In marshy meadows and on bogs, frequent.

358. ELYNA

1. E. caricina (Compound-headed Elyna)

Hook. Br. Fl. 401; Kobresia caricina Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 206; Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 129; Schoenus monoicus Eng. Bot. 1410; Northumberland and Durham Guide, v5; On the Widdy Bank in Teesdale Forest, D., also on Cronkley Fell. This plant was pointed out to me in these localities, Aug. 25, 1799, by the Rev. J. Harriman.

MONOECIA TETRANDRIA

359. LITTORELLA

1. L. lacustris (Plantain Shore-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 130; Eng. Bot. 468; Hook. Fl. Scot. 271; Lond. t. 168; With. ii. 270; Berwick Flora, 204; At Prestwick Carr, and on the shores of Bromley and Greenley Loughs, also by Holy Island Lough, N. By Roadley Lake. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. By Hoseley Lough, N.— Dr. Richardson, Dill. Ray Syn. 316.

360. ALNUS

1. A. glutinosa (Common Alder)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 131; Hook. Lond. t. 59; Fl. Scot. 271; Betula alnus With. ii. 286; Berwick Flora, 204; Eng. Bot. 1508; By rivers, lakes, and pools of water.

361. URTICA

1. U. pilulifera (Roman Nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 134; Eng. Bot. 148; With. iii. 280; On the Ballast-hills of Tyne and Wear, N. and D., rare.

2. U. urens (Small Nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 134; Eng. Bot. 1230; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 70; Hook. Fl. Scot. 271; Everywhere on cultivated ground.

3. U. dioica (Great Nettle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 135; Eng. Bot. 1750; Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 69; Hook. Fl. Scot. 271; On waste ground everywhere.

MONOECIA PENTANDRIA

362. XANTHIUM

1. X. strumarium (Broad-leaved Bur-weed)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 136; Eng. Bot. 2544; With. ii. 384; On Byker and Willington ballast-hills, N. On Jarrow and South Shields ballast-hills, D. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

363. AMARANTHUS

1. A. Blitum (Wild Amaranth)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 137; Eng. Bot. 2212; With. ii. 248; On Willington ballast-hills, N. On Hebburn and Jarrow ballast-hills, D. On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

364. BRYONIA

1. B. dioica (Red-berried Bryony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 138; Eng. Bot. 439; With. ii. 102; B. alba Lightfoot, 590; Woodv. t. 189; In hedges near Birtley, Gainford, Darlington, and Bishop Auckland, D. At Barneyside, Miss Forster, delin; and Rugley near Alnwick, N. — Mr. J. Davison. Not a common plant in the north.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA

365. CERATOPHYLLUM

1. C. demersum (Common Hornwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 141; Eng. Bot. 947; Hook. Fl. Scot. 272; With. ii. 579; In ditches on Durham Moor. — Rev. J. Symons.

366. MYRIOPHYLLUM

1. M. spicatum (Spiked Water-Milfoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 143; Eng. Bot. 83; Hook. Fl. Scot. 272; With. ii. 519; Berwick Flora, 205; In loughs, ponds, and rivulets, frequent. N. and D. In Tweed and ponds near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. M. verticillatum (Verticillate Water Milfoil)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 143; Eng. Bot. 218; With. ii. 519; At Polam, D.— Mr. Backhouse. The limit of its range to the north.

367. SAGITTARIA

1. S. sagittifolia (Common Arrow-head)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 144; Eng. Bot. 84; With, iii 678; Near Bellingham and Norton. — Mr. Backhouse. In becks near Witton, Thorp, Portrack, and Stockton, D. — J. Hogg, Esq. The most northern localities.

368. ARUM

1. A. maculatum (Cuckow-pint, Wake Robin)

369. POTERIUM

1. P. Sanguisorba (Common Burnet)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 147; Eng. Bot. 860; Hook. Fl. Scot. 273; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 64; With. iii. 654; Berwick Flora, 206; On dry Limestone hills, not very rare. On Spindlestone Hills, N. — Dr. G. Johnstone.

370. QUERCUS

1. Q. Robur (Common British Oak)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 148; Eng. Bot. 1342; Hook. Fl. Scot. 373; Berwick Flora, 206; Woodv. t. 126; Q. foemina With. ii. 516; Q. pedunculata Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 450; In woods and hedges, everywhere.

2. Q. sessiliflora (Sessile-fruited Oak)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 150; Eng. Bot. 1845; Hook. Fl. Scot. 273; Berwick Flora, 207; Q. Robur With. ii. 515; In woods and hedges, frequent.

371. FAGUS

1. F. Castanea (Chesnut-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 151; Eng. Bot. 886; With. ii. 583; Castanea vulgaris Hook. Br. Fl. 408; In plantations. Not a native of the north of England.

2. F. sylvatica (Beech-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 152; Eng. Bot. 1847; Hook. Fl. Scot. 274; Berwick Flora, 207; In woods and hedges, common.

372. BETULA

1. B. alba (Common Birch)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 153; Eng. Bot. 2198; Hook. Fl. Scot. 274; Berwick Flora, 208; B. pendula Lindley's Syn. 229. In mountainous woods and by lakes, frequent. Roth and Lindley consided Betula pendula a distinct species from B. alba owing to its weeping branches; and, when young, its bark being smooth and warted.

373. CARPINUS

1. C. Betulus (Horn-beam)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 155; Eng. Bot. 2032; Hook. Fl. Scot. 274; In plantations. Not originally a native of the north of England.

374. CORYLUS

1. C. Avellana (Hazel-nut-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 157; Eng. Bot. 723; Hook. Fl. Scot. 275; Lond. t. 17; Berwick Flora, 208; In woods, hedges, and denes, common.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA

375. PINUS

1. P. sylvestris (Scotch Fir)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 158; Eng. Bot. 2460; Lightfoot, 587; Woodv. t. 207; With. iii. 811; Only in planted woods at present, though the roots and trunks of the Fir abound in all the bogs on our highest moors.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA

376. SALIX

1. S. triandra (Long-leaved Triandrous Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 166; Eng. Bot. 1435; With. ii. 65; Hook. Fl. Scot. 278; In hedges near Chester-le-Street, D. On the banks of the Pont at Ponteland, N. Rare in the north.

2. S. amygdalina (Broad-leaved Triandrous Willow, Almond-leaved Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 169; Eng. Bot. 1637; With. ii. 66; In hedges near Birtley, and at Chester-le-Street new bridge, also at Beamish and on the banks of the Derwent, D. In Heaton Wood, and in hedges near Gilsland and Cambo, at Allan Heads, and on the banks of Little Cow Lough, also near the Roman station at Risingham, N.

3. S. pentandra (Sweet Willow, Bay-leaved Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 171; Eng. Bot. 1805; Hook. Fl. Scot. 279; With. ii. 69; Berwick Flora, 212; In the Roman Foss between Shewing-shields and Carrow, in hedges near Gilsland and House-steads, in Heaton Wood, on the banks of North Tyne and of Tweed, N. By the Team near Beamish and Pockerley, on the banks of Wear near Chester-le-Street new bridge, and of Tees near Eglestone, also between Norton and Billingham, D. Near West Boldon and Cleadon, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill. Near Berwick, not uncommon. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. S. radicans (Rooting-branched Willow)

Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1053; Hook. Fl. Scot. 280; Br. Fl. 428; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 21; S. phylicifolia Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1049; Eng. Fl. iv. 173; Eng. Bot. 1958; With. ii. 71. By ditches communicating with Prestwick Carr, N. On both banks of Derwent above Blanchland, N. and D. That this is not Salix phylicifolia of the Swedish botanists I am certain, from Lapland specimens communicated by the late Dr. Swartz. The figure in the English Botany is good, and agrees with the plant received from Sir J. Smith.

5. S. bicolor (Shining dark-green Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 178; Eng. Bot. 1806; With. ii. 70; S. lamina Sm. Linn. Tr. vi. 122. On the banks of Wear near Lumley Castle, and on Tees from Croft to Middleton, D. On the banks of Derwent, and of Beldon and Nuckton bourns above Blanchland, D. and N. In the hedges north of Cambo, N. By the Lune at its junction with the Tees.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

6. S. vitellina (Yellow Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 182; Eng. Bot. 1389; Hook. Fl. Scot. 281; With. ii. 72; On the banks of Team, Tyne, and Wear, D. and N. At Morton Carrs, D. — Mr. Janson.

7. S. decipiens (Deceiving Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 183; Eng. Bot. 1937; With. ii. 68; Berwick Flora, 212; On the banks of Tyne, Wear, Team, and Derwent, N. and D. By the sides of Grange Bourn near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. S. fragilis (Crack Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 184; Eng. Bot. 1807; Hook. Fl. Scot. 279; With. ii. 73; In denes and on the banks of rivers, frequent.

9. S. Russelliana (Bedford Willow, Leicestershire or Dishley Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 186; Eng. Bot. 1808; Hook. Fl. Scot. 279; With. ii. 67; Berwick Flora, 212; On the banks of Wear and Tees, D. Near Haughton and Cockerton, D. — Mr. Janson. Near Cambo and Wallington, also by the Pont and in Heaton Dene, N. By the Tweed, common. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Alnwick, N. — Miss Forster, delin.

10. S. Helix (Rose Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 188; Eng. Bot. 1343; With. ii. 63; Berwick Flora, 212; S. monandra Curt. Lond. Fasc. vi. t. 71, excluding f. 2. On the banks of the rivers Tweed, Tyne, Derwent, Wear, and Tees, N. and D., but not very abundant, nor does it occur near Newcastle.

11. S. Forbiana (Basket Osier)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 191; Eng. Bot. 1344; With. ii. 64; Berwick Flora, 214; S. fissa Sm. Linn. Tr. vi. 115. Mas. and Foem. On the banks of Team, Derwent, Tees, Tyne, and Wear, N. and D. By the Tyne at Hopper's Fishery below Paradise, N. On the banks of Wooler Water, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Very distinct from S. Helix in the shape and texture of its leaves and its mode of growth. The figure in the English Botany is but indifferent.

12. S. rubra (Green-leaved Osier)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 191; Eng. Bot. 1145; With. ii. 64; S. fissa Hoff. Sal. i. 61, t. 13, 14; Mas. and Foem. By the Wear at Durham, and Chester-le-Street new bridge, also on the banks of the Derwent near Ebchester, D. — Foem. About Newcastle N., and Gateshead D.

13. S. Croweana (Broad-leaved Monadelphous Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 192; Eng. Bot. 1146; With. ii. 65; S. Weigilliana Hook. Br. Fl. 429; S. nitens Foem. Eng. Bot. t. 2655; Mas. North of Cambo, and near Roadley Lake, N. — Mas. and Foem. On the banks of Tees near Eglestone, and above Middleton-in-Teesdale, also of Wear at Burtreeford in Weardale, D. On the banks of Derwent, and of Beldon and Nuckton Bourns above Blanchland, N. and D. With us, the stamens of this willow are combined, proving it to be distinct from Salix Weigelliana of Willdenow, its garmens are also downy as Smith correctly described them.— See Hook. Eng. Fl. p. 430.

14. S. arenaria (Downy Mountain Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 204; Eng. Bot. 1809; Hook. Fl. Scot. 283; With. ii. 78; S. lapponum Lightfoot, 604; Hudson, 651; Foem. On the Teesdale moors, but I do not know the exact spot, D. — Rev. J. Harriman, Sp. Its most southern locality.

15. S. argentea (Silky Sand Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 206; Eng. Bot. 1364; With. ii. 78; Berwick Flora, 214; S. arenaria Lightfoot, 604; S. repens Hook. Fl. Scot. 284; Near Percy's Cross and by Roadley Lake, N. On the sea sands near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Birch Carr, D.— Mr. Janson. Probably an erect growing variety of S. repens.

16. S. repens (Creeping Dwarf Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 209; Eng. Bot. 183; With. ii. 81; Hook. Fl. Scot. 284; Berwick Flora, 214; S. prostrata Eng. Bot. 1959; Berwick Flora, 214; S. parvifolia S. ascendens Eng. Bot. 1962; On wet moors, not rare. Newcastle Town Moor, N; Gateshead Fell D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G.Johnston.

17. S. fusca (Brownish Dwarf Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 210; Eng. Bot. 1960; With. ii. 80; S. repens Hook. Fl. Scot. 284; Mas. In barren pastures near Shewing Shields, on the Roman Wall, N. On the banks of Waskerley Bourn, D. This little willow is well figured in the English Botany, it is a dwarf, but upright shrub, with nearly smooth leaves. Having never seen female catkins, I will not take upon me to say that it may not be one of the endless varieties of Salix repens.

18. S. rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 214; Eng. Bot. 1365; With. ii. 82; Foem. On the banks of the Derwent, near Friar Side, D. Near Ebchester, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

19. S. aurita (Round-eared Willow, Trailing Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 216; Eng. Bot. 1487; With. ii. 83; Berwick Flora, 215; Hook. Fl. Scot. 285; Dill. Ray, 450; α In woods and hedges; β on sterile moors.

20. S. aquatica (Common Willow, Water Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 218; Eng. Bot. 1437; With. ii. 83; Berwick Flora, 215; S. cinerea Hook. Fl. Scot. 284; S. oleifolia Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 219; Eng. Bot. 1402; With. ii. 84; Berwick Flora, 216; Forster's Tonb. 111; S. cinerea Hook. Fl. Scot. 284; S. cinerea Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 215; Eng. Bot. 1897; With. ii. 82; Forster, Tonb. 111; Berwick Flora, 215; α In woods and hedges, common. β generally on the banks of rivers, γ on the banks of Irthing near Gilsland, N. In hedges about two miles north of Chester-le-Street, D. In Allerton Mill Dene and other places near BerwickDr. G. Johnston. Through the medium of specimens communicated to me long ago by Mr. E. Forster and Mr. D. Turner, I am acquainted with the three preceding varieties of this willow, considered by Smith as three species. The fructifications of all, are alike, the leaves of α are broader than those of β, which is the only difference between them, but γ has rather a better right to be considered distinct. It is a low growing tree, with leaves much smaller than the first and second varieties. At the foot of Derwentwater, Cumberland, it is abundant.

21. S. hirta (Hairy-branched Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 221; Eng. Bot. 1404; Hook. Br. Fl. 426; With. ii. 90; In Castle Eden Dene, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

22. S. rupestris (Silky Rock Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 222; Eng. Bot. 2342; With. ii. 90; Hook. Fl. Scot. 285; Br. Fl. 427; Foem. By the Derwent above Blanchland, N. and D. By the Wear near Burtreeford, D.

23. S. Andersoniana (Green Mountain Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 223; Eng. Bot. 2343; Hook. Fl. Scot. 285; Br. Fl. 427; Mas. In Heaton Dene. Foem. By the River Derwent above Blanchland, N.

24. S. Forsteriana (Glaucous Mountain Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 224; Eng. Bot. 2344; Hook. Fl. Scot. 285; Br. Fl. 427; Foem. In Heaton Dene, N. On the south banks of Tyne near Friar's Goose, D. By the Derwent above Blanchland, N. and D. In a hedge at Mount Pleasant Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. In hedges near the Chain Bridge over the Tweed, N.

25. S. caprea (Great Round-leaved Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 225; Eng. Bot. 1488; Hook. Fl. Scot. 286; With. ii. 85; Berwick Flora, 217; In woods and hedges, common.

26. S. acuminata (Long-leaved Sallow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 227; Eng. Bot. 1434; Hook. Fl. Scot. 286; With. ii. 86; Berwick Flora, 217; On the banks of Irthing at Gilsland, N. By Nuckton Bourn above Blanchland, N. and D. By Morton Carr, D — Mr. Janson. In hedges near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

27. S. viminalis (Common Osier)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 228; Eng. Bot. 1898; Hook. Fl. Scot. 287; With. ii. 88; Berwick Flora, 217; By ditches and on the banks of rivers, common.

28. S. Smithiana (Silky-leaved Osier)

Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 229; Berwick Flora, 217; S. mollissima Eng. Bot. 1509; With. ii. 87; In hedges near Prestwick Carr, in Pandon Dene near Newcastle, at Jesmond, Chirton, Kirkwhelpington, Cambo, Roadley, and on Holy Island, N. At the Hope and near Leatham-shank in the vicinity of BerwickDr. G. Johnston. At Whitburn, and by the Wear at Lambton, D.

29. S. ferrugiuca (Ferrugineous Willow)

Hook. Br. Fl. 424; Eng. Bot. ii. 2665; On the banks of Tyne near Warden, N. I also gathered this willow several Years since, growing, together with Salix tenuifolia of Smith, a little below Kirby Lonsdale Bridge, Westmorland.

30. S. alba (Common White Willow)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 231; Eng. Bot. 2430; Berwick Flora, 218; Hook. Fl. Scot. 287; With. ii. 89; S. caerulea Eng. Bot. 2431; In woods and hedges. Between varieties α and β I can perceive no difference.

DIOECIA TRIANDRIA

377. EMPETRUM

1. E. nigrum (Black Crow, or Crake Berry)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 233; Eng. Bot. 526; Gr. Fl. Eds. 209; With. ii. 250; Berwick Flora, 218; On moors, frequent.

378. RUSCUS

1. R. aculcatus (Common Butchers-broom)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 235; Eng. Bot. 560; Hook. Fl. Scot. 288; Woodv. Supp. t. 237; With. ii. 103; Near Cockerton. — Mr. James Backhouse. In Cliff Wood, D.−W. Weighell's Herb.

DIOECIA TETRANDRIA

379. VISCUM

1. V. album (Common White Misseltoe)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 236; Eng. Bot. 1470; Woodv. Supp. 270; Hook. Fl. Scot. 288; With. ii. 281; In woods at Chipchase, rare. Introduced from the south of England into Sir D. Smith's garden at Alnwick, N. — Miss Pringle. Near Bedlington, N. — The Rev. Mr. Coates. Also introduced into the gardens at Bradley, D. I have never been so fortunate as to meet with this parasite in the north, and cannot recollect who informed me that it had been seen either at Chipchase or at Bradley.

380. MYRICA

1. M. Gale (Sweet Gale, Dutch Myrtle)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 239; Eng. Bot. 562; Hook. Fl. Scot. 288; With. ii. 287; Berwick Flora, 219; On moors near Harbottle Castle, and by Roadley Lake, N. On the south side of Tyne opposite Hepple, and between Woodhall and Harbottle. — Mr. E. Woodhouse. On the banks of Kimmer Lake near Ellingham, N. — Wallis, 154;. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA

381. HUMULUS

1. H. Lupulus (Hop)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 240; Eng. Bot. 427; Gr. Fl. Scot. 209; With. ii. 375; Naturalized in hedges near Jesmond, Hexham, Ovingham, Wylam, and Dilston, N. On the banks of Hyshope Bourn, D. Near Norton, D. J.Hogg, Esq.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA

382. TAMUS

1. T. communis (Black Briony)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 241; Eng. Bot. 91; With. ii. 460; In Dalton, Hawthorn, and Castle Eden Denes, also in woods at Hetton, and near Hilton Castle on the Wear, D. In hedges about Norton and near Wynyard on the Fulthorp road, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. On the woody bank in Heaton Dene, below Benton Bridge, N — Mr. J. Thornhill, jun. Its most northern locality.

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA

383. POPULUS

1. P. alba (Great White Poplar, Abele-tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 243; Eng. Bot. 1618; Hook. Fl. Scot. 288; Berwick Flora, 219; In woods, hedges, and denes. It may also be noticed at a considerable elevation on the sides of our moors; truly indigenous.

2. P. canescens (Grey Poplar)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 243; Eng. Bot. 1619; Hook. Br. Fl. 436; In hedge rows.

3. P. tremula (Ash Aspen, Trembling Poplar)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 244; Eng. Bot. 1909; Hook. Fl. Scot. 289; Berwick Flora, 219; In woods and hedges, common.

4. P. nigra (Black Poplar)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 245; Eng. Bot. 1910; Hook. Fl. Scot. 289; Berwick Flora, 220; On the banks of rivers and in hedges, frequent.

384. RHODIOLA

1. R. rosea (Mountain Rose-root)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 246; Eng. Bot. 508; Hook. Fl. Scot. 289; With. ii. 518; Berwick Flora, 220; At the head of Cauledge Bourn, among the Cheviots, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. This plant which usually grows in Alpine situations has been found on rocks near the sea coast between Berwick and Fast Castle, and in a ravine near St. Abbs' Head, by Dr. G. Johnston, and between Lamberton and Burnmouth, by the Rev. A. Baird.

DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA

385. MERCURIALIS

1. M. perennis (Dog's Mercury, Perennial Mercury)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 248; Eng. Bot. 1872; Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 65; Hook. Fl. Scot. 289; Berwick Flora, 221; In denes, woods, and under hedges, frequent.

2. M. annua (Annual Mercury)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 248; Eng. Bot. 559; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 68; Gr. Fl. Eds. 211; With. ii. 521; On rubbish by the road side on Newcastle Town Moor, N. About Newcastle. — S. Robson's Flora, 223. About Sunderland, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

386. HYDROCHARIS

1. H. Morsus-ranae (Common Frogbit)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 250; Eng. Bot. 808; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iii. t. 64; Gr. Fl. Eds. 211; With. ii. 523; In a ditch behind St. Anthon's ballast-hills, N.

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA

387. JUNIPERUS

1. J. communis (Common Juniper)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 251; Eng. Bot. 1100; Hook. Fl. Scot. 290; Woodv. t. 95; With. iii. 790; Berwick Flora, 221; J. nana Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 252; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 854; J. communis Lightfoot, 623; With. 709, var. 2. β, α In Castle Eden Dene, and on the cliffs between it and Black Halls, in woods on the banks of Tees, also on moors near Lanchester and Auckland, D. On Bede Hills and banks at West Dipton near Hexham, N. On the sea banks in the vicinity of Berwick, also on Chapel Hill near Belford.— Thompson's Berwick Plants. On the banks of Tyne near the Riding below Hexham, N. — Wallis, 142;. β On Teesdale Moors above the High Force, β. On Broad-pool Common near Swinburne, N.— Wallis, 142;. β Is no more than a procumbent alpine variety of the Common Juniper.

388. TAXUS

1. T. baccata (Yew Tree)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 253; Eng. Bot. 746; Lightfoot, 626; With. iii. 809; Berwick Flora, 221; On rocks in Castle Eden Dene, and on the banks of Derwent above Gibside, also in Shipley Wood near Eglestone in Teesdale, D. In the cliffs on the western margin of the Allen, N.— Wallis, 136;. Truly indigenous in all these localities.

POLYGAMIA MONOECIA

389. ATRIPLEX

1. A. portulacoides (Shrubby Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 256; Eng. Bot. 261; Gr. Fl. Eds. 211; With. ii. 372; At the mouth of Coble Dene near North Shields, N. On the shores of Wear near Hilton Dene, and at Hartlepool, D.

2. A. laciniata (Frosted Sea Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 257; Eng. Bot. 165; Gr. Fl. Eds. 212; With. ii. 372; On the sea beach, frequent.

3. A. patula (Spreading Halberd-leaved Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 257; Eng. Bot. 936; Gr. Fl. Eds. 212; Berwick Flora, 223; With. ii. 372; A. hastata Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 66. γ Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 258; Dill. Ray's Syn. 152. α On waste ground and dunghills; γ on the sea beach, not rare.

4. A. angustifolia (Spreading Narrow-leaved Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 258; Eng. Bot. 1774; With. ii. 373; Berwick Flora, 224; A. patula Lightfoot, 637; Hudson, 443; On cultivated and waste ground, common.

5. A. littoralis (Grass-leaved Sea Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 260; Eng. Bot. 708; Gr. Fl. Eds. 212; With. ii. 374; Berwick Flora, 224; In salt marshes, frequent.

6. A. pedunculata (Stalked Sea Orache)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 261; Eng. Bot. 232; With. ii. 375; On Sunderland ballast-hills, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

PART II. CRYPTOGAMIC PLANTS

CRYPTOGAMIA CHARACEAE

1. CHARA

1. C. vulgaris (Common Chara)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 6; Gr. Fl. Eds. 281; Eng. Bot. 336; Berwick Flora, 2; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 345; C. Hedwigii Trevelyan, MSS. α In muddy ditches and ponds, common. β in streams running into the Weel near Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. C. hispida (Prickly Chara)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 7; Eng. Bot. 463; Gr. Fl. Eds. 281; With. ii. 3; C. tomentosa Hudson, 398; Robson's Flora, 295. α In a pond at Hartley old engine, and in pools near Hartley Link House, N. In Hell-kettles Near Darlington, D. In ponds at Norton. — J. Hogg, .Esq. At Polam. — Mr. Backhouse, α and β in the Whey Syke near Widdy Bank, on Teesdale Forest, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

3. C. aspera (Rough Chara)

Gr. Cryp. Fl. t. 339; At Prestwick Carr, N. — Mr. Wm. Robertson. In the Lough on Holy Island, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. In the Irthing at Gilsland, also in Grindon and Crag Loughs, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

4. C. flexilis (Smooth Chara)

Sm. Eng. Fl. i. 7; Eng. Bot. 1070; With. ii. 4; Gr. Fl. Eds. 280; In an old quarry in Leming Lane, and at Cocken, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. In a pond at Walker, and in Bromley and Crag Loughs near Shewing-shields, N. In the mouth of the rivulet at Goswick, N. — Thompson's Berwick Plants.

EQUISETACEAE

2. EQUISETUM

1. E. sylvaticum (Branched Wood Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 336; Eng. Bot. 1874; Bolt. Fil, t. 32, 33; Gr. Fl. Eds. 215; With. iii. 979; Berwick Flora, ii. 5; In woods and denes, frequent.

2. E. fluviatile (Great Bog Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 337; Eng. Bot. 2022; Gr. Fl. Eds. 213; Bolt. Fil. t. 36, 37; With. iii. 981; Berwick Flora, ii. 5; In boggy woods, not rare.

3. E. arvense (Corn Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 337; Eng. Bot. 2020; Bolt. Fil. t. 34; Curt. Lond. Fasc. iv. t. 64; Gr. Fl. Eds. 213; With. iii. 979; Berwick Flora, ii. 7; In woods and fallow fields, common.

4. E. palustre (Marsh Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 338; Eng. Bot. 2021; Bolt. Fil. t. 35; Hook. Fl. Scot. 161; With. iii. 980; Gr. Fl. Eds. 215; Berwick Flora, ii. 7; By slow streams, and in ditches.

5. E. limosum (Smooth Naked Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 339; Eng. Bot. 929; Bolt. Fil. t. 38; Gr. Fl. Eds. 214; With. iii. 981; Berwick Flora, ii. 8; In ponds and watery places, but not frequent.

5. E. hyemale (Rough Horsetail, Shave-grass)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 339; Eng. Bot. 915; Berwick Flora, ii. 8; Gr. Fl. Eds. 214; With. iii. 983; Hook. Lond. t. 161; In woods not uncommon, N. and D. In Castle Eden Dene, D.— S. Robson's Flora, 263.

7. E. variegatum (Variegated Rough Horsetail)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 340; Eng. Bot. 1987; Hook. Fl. Scot. 161; By the river Irthing at Gilsland, N.— Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. Near Winch Bridge, by the Whey Syke, and opposite the mouth of the Lune in Teesdale, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. The most southern localities in Britain.

MARSILEACEAE

3. ISOETES

1. I. lacustris (Quill-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 343; Eng. Bot. 1084; Hook. Fl. Scot. 160; Lond. t. 131; With. iii. 988; In Crag Lake, N. Rare, and unaccompanied by its usual attendant in the northern lakes, the elegant Lobelia Dortmanna

4. PILULARIA

1. P. globulifera (Pill-wort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 342; Eng. Bot. 521; Hook. Lond. t. 83; Bolt. Fil. t. 40; Gr. Fl. Eds. 215; With. iii. 987; At Prestwick Carr, N. Near a pond by the road half a mile north of Wolsington House, N. — Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill.

LYCOPODINEAE

5. LYCOPODIUM

1. L. clavatum (Common Club-moss)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 331; Eng. Bot. 224; Hook. Fl. Scot. 159; With. iii. 984; Gr. Fl. Eds. 215; Berwick Flora, ii. 20; On moors, frequent.

2. L. Selaginoides (Prickly Club-moss)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 332; Eng. Bot. 1148; Hook. Fl. Scot. 159; With. iii. 984; Gr. Fl. Eds. 216; Berwick Flora, ii. 21; In bogs, but not very common. On the Mucklemoss, near the Roman Wall, and at Prestwick Carr, N. On the Weardale and Teesdale Moors, and on Gateshead Fell, D.

3. L. Selago (Fir Club-moss)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 333; Eng. Bot. 233; Gr. Fl. Eds. 216; With. iii. 985; Berwick Flora, ii. 21; On moors, frequent.

4. L. alpinum (Savin-leaved Club-moss)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 334; Eng. Bot. 234; Gr. Fl. Eds. 216; With. iii. 986; Berwick Flora, ii. 22; On alpine moors, not rare.

FILICES

6. OPHIOGLOSSUM

1. O. vulgatum (Common Adder's-tongue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 329; Eng. Bot. 108; Hook. Lond. t. 78; Bolt. Fil. t. 3; Gr. Fl. Eds. 217; With. iii. 989; In meadows near Fulwell, Gateshead, and Saltwellside, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N. Near Netherwitton, N. — Miss Forster, delin. By a foot way below Honeycleugh Crag on the east side of a streamlet near Chester Wood, N. — Wallis, 243;.

7. BOTRYCHIUM

1. B. Lunaria (Common Moonwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 328; Hook. Lond. t. 66; Fl. Scot. ii. 158; Berwick Flora, ii 19; Osmunda Lunaria Eng. Bot. 318; Bolt. Fil. t. 4; With, ii. 990; On the sea coast between South Shields and Sunderland, near Marsden, on Gateshead Fell, Beamish Moor, Lanchester Fell, and near the High Force of Tees, D. On moors near Blanchland, on the coast near Tynemouth, on Newcastle Town Moor, also near Longhorsley and Alnwick, on Hexham Fell and Bradley Crags near St. Oswald, N. Near Cambo, Netherwitton, and at Shaftoe Crags near Wallington, N — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On both sides of the Roman Wall, at Tower-tay, near Wallwick, and near the High Woodhouse, or West Wood near Hexham. — Wallis, 244;. Near Langley Ford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. BLECHNUM

1. B. boreale (Northern Blechnum, Rough Spleenwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 316; Eng. Bot. 1159; Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; Berwick Flora, ii. 17; B. Spicant With. iii. 994; Osmunda Spicant Curt. Lond. Fasc. ii. t. 67; Bolt. Fil. t. 6; On heaths and moors, and in denes, not rare.

9. PTERIS

1. P. aquilina (Common Brakes)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 318; Eng. Bot. 1679; Bolt. Fil. t. 16; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 156; Berwick Flora, ii. 18; On moors, and in woods and denes, common.

10. CRYPTOGRAMMA

1. C. crispa (Curled or Rock Brakes)

Hook. Brit. Fl. 449; Pteris crispa Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 319; Eng. Bot. 1160; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 156; Berwick Flora, ii. 19; With. iii. 993; Osmunda crispa Bolt. Fil. t. 7; Hudson, 450; On Basaltic rocks on which the Roman Wall is built above Crag Lake, and at the foot of Cheviot beyond Langley Ford, N. Near the summit of Cheviot. — Dr. G. Johnston. On the banks of Common Bourn, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Waskerly Park, and on stone walls in Teesdale Forest, D.

11. SCOLOPENDRIUM

1. S. vulgare (Common Hart's-tongue)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 314; Eng. Bot. 1150; Gr. Fl. Eds. 218; Berwick Flora, ii. 17; Asplenium Scolopendrium Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 67; Bolt. Fil. 1 1; Woodv. Supp. t. 272; With. iii. 995; In Cawsey and Cocken Woods, in Castle Eden Dene, and on the Roman station near Lanchester, D. In Benwell, Scotswood, and Wallbottle Denes, and in woods near Alnwick, N. At Honeycleugh Crag, near Chester Wood, on South Tyne, and in the gill at Sandhoe near Hexham, N. — Wallis, 246;.

12. ASPLENIUM

1. A. Trichomanes (Common Maidenhair Spleenwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 305; Eng. Bot. 576; Hook. Lond. t. 156; Fl. Scot. ii. 155; Woodv. t. 204; Bolt. Fil. t. 13; With. iii. 997; Berwick Flora, ii. 16; In Cawsey and Gibside Woods, and on the rocks at Boldon, Cleadon, and Castle Eden, D. On Whitburn church, D. — Rev. J. Symons. On the ruins of Hulne Abbey, and on Gunnerton Crags, also on rocks at Rothbury, N.

2. A. viride (Green Maidenhair Spleenwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 306; Eng. Bot. 2257; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 155; Bolt. Fil. t. 14; With. iii. 998; On Basaltic rocks below the High Force, at Cauldron Snout, and the Widdy Bank, Teesdale, D. In Irehope Dene in Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. At Wardrew and Whinnetly, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

3. A. marinum (Sea Spleenwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 307; Eng. Bot. 392; Hook. Lond. t. 60; Fl. Scot. ii. 155; Bolt. Fil. t. 15; With. iii. 998; Berwick Flora, ii. 16; On Magnesian Limestone rocks, on the coast near Byers's Quarry in the vicinity of Whitburn, and near Seaton, D. At Black Hall Dene near Hartlepool, D. — Rev. Jas. Dalton.

4. A. Ruta muraria (Wall-rue Spleenwort, White Maidenhair)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 309; Eng. Bot. 150; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 156; Bolt. Fil. t. 16; With. iii. 999; Berwick Flora, ii. 16; On rocks on Boldon and Cleadon Hills, and at Castle Eden Dene, also on walls at Gibside and near Hilton Castle, and at the Roman station near Lanchester, D. On Ovingham Church walls, and on the Roman Wall at Shewing Shields, also at Alnwick, N. On the bridge at Corbridge, and on the church wall at Simonburn, N. — Wallis, 249;.

5. A. Adiantum nigrum (Black Maidenhair, Spleenwort)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 310; Bolt. Fil. t. 17; Eng. Bot. 1950; Berwick Flora, ii. 16; Gr. Fl. Eds. 219; With. iii. 1000; Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 311; Pluk. Phyt. t. 282, f. 3; α On the walls of Blanchland Church, and on crags at West Dipton near Hexham, on the Town walls of Newcastle, and rocks at Warkworth Hermitage and walls at Alnwick, also near Haltwhistle, N. In the Freestone quarry on the west side of Hallbarns, and in the wood at Blakelaw opposite Low Moralee near Wark in TynedaleWallis, 248;. On the sea banks beyond Hudshead, and on Chapel Crags near Belford. — Dr. Thompson. Near Berwick, not rare, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. On rocks in Cawsey Dene, and near the High Force Teesdale, also on walls at Lumley Castle, D. On ruins at Bear's Park, D. — Rev. J. Symons. β on rocks at Cocken, D., rare.

13. ASPIDIUM

1. A. Lonchitis (Rough Alpine Shield-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 284; Hook. Fl. Scot. 153; Polypodium Lonchitis Eng. Bot. 797; Bolt. Fil. t. 19; With. iii. 1004; In fissures of rocks between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. First found by the Rev. J. Harriman.

2. A. Oreopteris (Heath Shield-fern, Fragrant-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 286; Gr. Fl. Eds. 222; Berwick Flora, ii. 11; Polypodium Oreopteris Eng. Bot. 1019; With. iii. 1005; P. Thelypteris Bolt. Fil. 40, 22, f. 1, 2. In the west quarries near Spring Gardens, Newcastle, and at the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, N. In Cawsey Wood, on Gateshead Fell, on Beamish Moor, near Urpeth, and on the banks of Pont Bourn, also in Waskerley Dene, and near Medomsley and Darlington, D. On the banks of Derwent above Blanchland, and of Beldon and Nuckton Bourns, D. and N. In Arngill, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse.

3. A. Filix-mas (Male Fern, Male Shield-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 288; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 154; Lond. t. 40; Eng. Bot. 1458; Berwick Flora, ii. 11; A. cristatum Eng. Bot. 1949; Polypodium Felix-mas Woodv. t. 49; Bolt. Fil. t. 44. In woods, denes, and on hedge banks, common.

4. A. lobatum (Close-leaved Prickly Shield-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 291; Eng. Bot. 1563; Berwick Flora, ii. 11; Forster, Tonbr. 118; A. aculeatum Hook. Fl. Scot ii. 154; Br. Fl. 443; Gr. Fl. Eds. 221; Polypodium lobatum Hudson, 459; P. Lonchitidi affinis Ray. Syn., 2d ed., 48; Aspidium aculeatum Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 290; α and β in woods and denes, common. β being the plant in a young state. Though A. lobatum is common in every wood in these counties, I have never met with A. aculeatum or its variety A. angulare, which grow in the dene above and below the Pease Bridge in Berwickhire.— See Berwick Flora. In the south of England it is common.

5. A. dilatatum (Great Crested Shield-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 293; Eng. Bot. 1461; Forster, Tonbr. 119; Berwick Flora, ii. 14; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 154; Polypodium cristatum Bolt. Fil. t. 23; With. iii. 1010; A. spinulosum Eng. Bot. t. 1460; Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 292; Forster's Tonb. 119; Swartz, Syn. Fil. 54, according to specimens from the Author. α In woods and denes, frequent. β in Cawsey Wood, D. On Shaftoe Crags near Wallington, N. β Should scarcely be considered a variety, being merely the young state of the plant.

6. A. Filix-foemina (Female Shield-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 295; Eng. Bot. 1459; Berwick Flora, ii. 14; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 155; Polypodium Filix-foemina Hudson, 458; Bolt. Fil. t. 25. In woods, denes, and under hedges, frequent.

14. POLYPODIUM

1. P. vulgare (Common Polypody)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 280; Eng. Bot. 1149; Woodv. Supp. 271; Bolt. Fil. t. 18; Curt. Lond. Fasc. i. t. 68; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 153; Berwick Flora, ii. 10; On old walls, shady banks, and the trunks of trees.

2. P. Phegopteris (Pale Mountain Polypody)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 282; Eng. Bot. 2224; Bolt. Fil. t. 20; Gr. Fl. Eds. 222; With. iii. 1005; Berwick Flora, ii. 10; In Cawsey Wood and Waskerley Dene, D. In Cowclose and Arngills, D. — Mr. Jas. Backhouse. On rocks at the foot of Cheviot, above Langley Ford, and at Shewing-shields, N. On the banks of Derwent, of Nuckton and Beldon Bourns above Blanchland, N. and D. On the banks of Fallowlees Bourn, and on moors near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

3. P. Dryopteris (Tender Three-branched Polypody)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 282; Eng. Bot. 616; Bolt. Fil. t. 28; Gr. Fl. Eds. 222; With. iii. 1012; Berwick Flora, ii. 11; In Cawsey Wood, Feldon and Waskerly Denes, Howns Wood, and above Winch Bridge Teesdale, D. In Arngill and woods near Darlington, D. — Mr. J. Backhouse. In Walbottle and Scotswood Denes, on rocks at the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, at Shewing-shields, and West Dipton near Hexham, also near Alnwick, N. On the banks of the Derwent, and of Nuckton and Beldon Bourns, N. and D. On the banks of Fallowlees Bourn, near Hartburn, and on the south bank of the Wansbeck south of Wallington, also in Twizell Dene, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

15. WOODSIA

1. W. ilvensis (Oblong Woodsia)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 322; Brown, Linn. Tr. xi. 173; Polypodium ilvense Swartz, Syn. Fil. 39. At the foot of the Basaltic rocks on the Durham side of the river Tees about two hundred yards below Cauldron Snout.— Mr. J. Backhouse, Sp. Near the summit of some bold Basaltic rocks called Falcon Clints about ten miles west of Middleton-in-TeesdaleMr. S. Halestone. These localities cannot be far asunder.

16. CYSTEA

1. C. fragilis (Brittle Bladder-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 298; Berwick Flora, ii. 16; Cyathea fragilis Eng. Bot. 1587; Aspidium fragile Gr. Fl. Eds. 220; Polypodium fragile Bolt. Fil. t. 27 and 46; With. iii. 1010; In Cawsey Wood, on walls at Beamish and Stanhope, on rocks at the Gunner's Pool in Castle Eden Dene, and in Ravensworth woods, D. On rocks at Shewing Shields, and near Tecket Water-fall, N. On the banks of Common Bourn near Cheviot.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. On Little Waney-house Crag near Sweethope lake, N. — Wallis, 254;. This fern, when growing at different elevations, in various exposures, and on rocks dissimilar in chemical composition, becomes so much altered in general appearance, that it has afforded botanists opportunities of multiplying the species fourfold at least.

2. C. dentata (Toothed Bladder-fern)

Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 300; Cyathea dentata Eng. Bot. 1588; Aspidium dentatum Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 155; Polypodium dentatum Dickson, Cryp. iii. 1, t. 7. On rocks between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. I have no specimen collected in this habitat, but those of G. Don, from Ben Lawers, strongly resemble Cystea fragilis of which it is probably a variety.

17. HYMENOPHYLLUM

1. H. Wilsoni (Scottish Filmy-fern)

Hook. Br. Fl. 450; Eng. Bot. 2686; On Simonside Hills, N W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

MUSCI

18. PHASCUM

1. P. serratum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 4; Berwick Flora, ii. 56; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. 1, 1. 1, f. 1; Eng. Bot, 460; Turn. Musc. 4; P. stoloniferum Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. 3, t. 7, f. 2; Eng. Bot. 2006; Near Berwick, in corn fields of a light peat soil, not common. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. P. crispum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 6; Eng. Bot. 1680; Arn. Disp. Musc. 7; P. multicapsule Eng. Bot. 618; At West Dipton near Hexham, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

3. P. subulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 6; Eng. Bot. 2177; Berwick Flora, ii. 56; Arn. Disp. Musc. 7; P. acaule Dill. Musc. t. 32, f. 10; On banks near the Redheugh, Gateshead, D. On the fragment of the Roman wall at Denton Bourn, also at Prestwick Carr, in East Common Wood, and on Newcastle Town Moor, N. Near Crowhall Mill, N.— Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

4. P. axillare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 7; Eng. Bot. 1036; Arn. Disp. Musc. 7; P. strictum Eng. Bot. 2093; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 10, f. 1. At West Dipton near Hexham. N.

5. P. patens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 7; Eng. Bot. 1279; Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

6. P. muticum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 8; Eng. Bot. 2027; Arn. Disp. Musc. 7; Turn. Musc. 3; Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

7. P. cuspidatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 8; Eng. Bot. 2025; Arn. Disp. Musc. 7; Berwick Flora, ii. 56; P. Schreberianum Eng. Bot. 2026; P. curvisetum Eng. Bot. 2259; β piliferum, Hook. and Tay. Musc. 8;. On hedge banks near Gateshead, Hedworth, Jarrow, Sunderland, East Murton, and Medomsley, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. In East Common Wood, near Hexham, and on walls near Benwell and Denton, N. At the foot of Cheviot, also about Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall Mill, N. — Mr. Jno. Thompson, Sp.

8. P. bryoides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 10; Eng. Bot. 1180; Arn. Disp. Musc. 8; On gravel walks about Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

9. P. curvicollum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 11; Eng. Bot. 905; Arn. Disp. Musc. 8; In gravel pits near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

19. SPHAGNUM

1. S. obtusifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 13; Berwick Flora, ii. 55; S. latifolium Eng. Bot. 1405; In bogs abundant.

2. S. squarrosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 14; Eng. Bot. 1498; In bogs on moors, not rare.

3. S. acutifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 14; Berwick Flora, ii. 55; S. capillifolium Eng. Bot. 1406; In bogs, frequent.

4. S. cuspidatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 15; Eng. Bot. 2392; Berwick Flora, ii. 55; Dill. Musc. t. 2, f. 2 B; Arn. Disp. Musc. 6; In bogs; immersed in water.

5. GYMNOSTOMUM

1. G. ovatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 21; Eng. Bot. 1889; Arn. Disp. Musc. 10; Berwick Flora, ii. 54; On walls near Benwell, Denton, and Newcastle, N. On the Windmill Hills, Gateshead, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. G. truncatulum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 22; Eng. Bot. 1975; Berwick Flora, ii. 53; β intermedium Eng. Bot. 1976; Turn. Musc. vii. t. l. f. a., α On walls about Newcastle, common. β in Cawsey Wood on the bank near the Bridge, on walls near the Long Bank between Newcastle and Chester-le-Street, also near Sunderland, D. Near Backworth, Killingworth, and West Denton, N.

3. G. Heimii

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 22; Turn. Musc. 9; Gr. Fl. Eds. 228; G. obtusum Eng. Bot. 1407; Turn. Musc. 9. In meadows near Beamish, and on banks near the Law at South Shields, D. At Heddon-on-the-Wall, and near Wylam, N. At Cullercoats, N.— Mr. R.B. Bowman, Sp.

4. G. fasciculare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 23; Eng. Bot. 1245; Turn. Musc. t. 10; Gr. Fl. Eds. 228; On boggy ground on the banks of Tyne above Gateshead, D. On stones in a rivulet above Edmondbyers, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. At Prestwick Carr and in East Common Wood near Hexham, N.

5. G. pyriforme

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 24; Eng. Bot. 413; Arn. Disp. Musc. 10; Gr. Fl. Eds. 229; Berwick Flora, ii. 54; In damp situations near Urpeth, Beamish, Kipp Hill, and Medomsley, D. Near Hexham, Lemington, Benton, and Gosforth, N. On rocks at Ord Mill, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. G. tenue

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 24; Arn. Disp. Musc. 11; Gr. Fl. Eds. 229; Berwick Flora, ii. 55; G. paucifolium Eng. Bot. 2506; Bryum paucifolium Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 11, f. 3; Dicranum cylindricum Fl. Brit. 1221; On a Sandstone rock in the plantations above Ord Mill near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. G. Donianum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 25; Eng. Bot. 1582; Arn. Disp. Musc. 10; On rocks near the High Force, Teesdale, D. — Mr. R.B. Bowman, Sp.

8. G. microstomum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 25; Eng. Bot. 2215; Arn. Disp. Musc. 10; Gr. Fl. Eds. 229; In fields near Saltwellside, Gateshead, and Maiden Law, D. At Prestwick Carr, and in Dilston Park, N.

21. ANICTANGIUM

1. A. ciliatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 27; Arn. Disp. Musc. 11; Berwick Flora, ii. 53; Gr. Fl. Eds. 229; Gymnostomum ciliatum Eng. Bot. 1179; On rocks in Waskerley Park, in Teesdale and Weardale, and on the banks of Derwent near Blanchland, D. On Shafto Crags, near Wallington, and on trees at Wardrew, N.

22. DYPHYSCIUM

1. D. foliosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 32; Arn. Disp. Musc. 12; Buxlaumia foliosa Eng. Bot. 329; Sm. Fl. Brit. 1148; Near the High Force and Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

23. TETRAPHIS

1. T. pellucida

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 33; Eng. Bot. 1020; Berwick Flora, ii. 53; Gr. Fl. Eds. 230; Arn. Disp. Musc. 14; In Cawsey, Ravensworth, and Beamish Woods, and on the banks of Derwent above Gibside, D. In Walbottle and Scotswood Denes, and in Oakwood and East Common Wood, N. On Murton Crags near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. Browniana

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 33; Gr. Crypt. t. 169; Fl. Edin. 230; Arn. Disp. Musc. 14; T. ovata Hook. and Tay. Musc., 1st ed., 17; Bryum Brownianum Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 10, f. 16; Orthotrichum Brownianum Fl. Brit. 1269; Grimmia Browniana Eng. Bot. t. 1422 (bad); On ledges of Sandstone rocks in Cawsey Dene, D.— Mr. R.B. Bowman, Sp. In Twizell Dene, N.— Greville, Sps. from Dr. G. Johnston.

24. SPLACHNUM

1. S. sphoericum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 36; Eng. Bot. 1174; Arn. Disp. Musc. 12; Berwick Flora, ii. 53; S. gracile Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 10, f. 5; S. ovatum Eng. Bot. 1590; At Holliwell Moss and Ebchester, also on Cheviot and at Prestwick Carr, N. At Catcherside near Cambo, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Teesdale, D. not rare.

2. S. muioides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 38; Eng. Bot. 1539; Arn. Disp. Musc. 13; Near the Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

3. S. ampullaceum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 39; Eng. Bot. 144; Gr. Fl. Eds. 231; S. Turnerianum Eng. Bot. 1116; At Prestwick Carr, and on the Muckle Moss, N. At Gold-hill, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson, Sp.

25. POLYTRICHUM

1. P. undulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 43; Eng. Bot. 1220; Berwick Flora, ii. 44; Bryum undulatum Dill. Musc. t. 46, f. 18. On hedge banks and in denes.

2. P. piliferum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 44; Eng. Bot. 1199; Berwick Flora, ii. 43; On dry heaths and stone fences.

3. P. juniperinum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 45; Eng. Bot. 1200; Berwick Flora, ii 43; P. strictum Eng. Bot. 2435; On moors, frequent.

4. P. commune

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 46; Eng. Bot. 1197; Berwick Flora, 242; P. attenuatum Eng. Bot. 1198; Turner, Musc. 84; P. gracile Eng. Bot. 1827; Turner, Musc. 85. On moors, common.

5. P. alpinum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 48; Eng. Bot. 1905; Gr. Fl. Eds. 246; Arn. Disp. Musc. 71; Berwick Flora, ii. 44; On Cheviot, Hedgehope, Simonside, and the banks of Beldon Bourn, N. On Swinhope, D.

6. P. urnigerum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 49; Eng. Bot. 1218; Gr. Fl. Eds. 246; Berwick Flora, ii. 44; On wet sandy banks, not rare. On Gateshead Fell and near Ravensworth, D. Near Pont Bourn. — Mr. J. Thornhill. Near Harlow Hill, and on Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

7. P. aloides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 49; Eng. Bot. 1619; Berwick Flora, ii. 44; P. rubellum Eng. Bot. 1939; Turner, Musc. 87; P. Dicksoni Eng. Bot. 1605; On moist banks, not uncommon.

8. P. nanum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 50; Eng. Bot. 1625; Berwick Flora, ii. 44; P. subrotundum Eng. Bot. 1624; P. pumilum Swartz. Musc. t. 9, f. 19. On hedge banks and stone fences. On Newcastle Town Moor, also near Heddon-on-the-Wall, and in East Common Wood near Hexham, N. In the western part of the county of Durham, frequent. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. CINCLODOTUS

1. C. fontinaloides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 51; Arn. Disp. Musc. 23; Gr. Fl. Eds. 231; Berwick Flora, ii. 50; Trichostomum fontinaloides Turn. Musc. 41; Fontinalis minor Eng. Bot. 557; In Dalton Bourn on the Durham coast and in the Wear near Chester-le-Street new Bridge, D. In the Wansbeck at Wallington and Kirkwhelpington, also in the Tweed at Carham and near Coldstream, N.

27. TORTULA

1. T. enervis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 52; Supp. t. 2; T. rigida Eng. Bot. 180; On walls at the Stoney Flat near Gateshead, and near Beamish Hall, also on Fulwell hills, D.

2. T. convoluta

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 54; Berwick Flora, ii. 46; Eng. Bot. 2382; Turner, Musc. Hib. 149; Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1253; On banks near Berwick, N., rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. T. revoluta

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 54; Berwick Flora, ii. 46; Arn. Disp. Musc. 37; T. nervosa Eng. Bot. 2383; On banks above New Mills near Berwick, N — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. T. muralis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 55; Eng. Bot. 2033; Arn. Disp. Musc. 37; Berwick Flora, ii. 45; On walls and hedge banks, everywhere.

5. T. ruralis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 56; Eng. Bot. 2070; Gr. Fl. Eds. 231; Berwick Flora, ii. 45; On the sea coast but never in fructification, and in the southern part of the county of Durham, frequent. At Saggerston Haugh and Muggleswick, D. At Dilston, near Hexham, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. T. subulata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 57; Eng. Bot. 1101; Arn. Disp. Musc. 38; Berwick Flora, ii. 45; On hedge banks, frequent.

7. T. unguiculata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 57; Arn. Disp. Musc. 38; Berwick Flora, ii. 45; T. mucronulata Eng. Bot. 1299; T. aristata Eng. Bot. 2393; T. barbata Eng. Bot. 2391; T. apiculata Eng. Bot. 2494; T. ericetorum Eng. Bot. 2495; On walls and hedge banks, common.

8. T. tortuosa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 59; Eng. Bot. 1708; Gr. Fl. Eds. 232; On rocks at Cleadon, Boldon, and Fawdon Slate, in Bolihope Dene, also near Stanhope-in-Weardale and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. Near the coast it is seldom in fructification.

9. T. fallax

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 60; Eng. Bot. 2179; Berwick Flora, ii. 45; T. imberbis Eng. Bot. 2329; T. unguiculata Turner, Musc. 47. 2316; On Gateshead Fell, Beamish Moor, at Sunnyside, and Painsher, also near Darlington D. Near Wylam and Hexham, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. T. gracilis

β viridis Hook. and Tay. Musc. 61; T. brevifolia Eng. Bot. 2453; Fl. Brit. 1259; Barbula brevifolia Bridel. Meth. 92; In the dene between Oakwood House and Wylam, N. In bogs on the moors near Blanchland and Wolsingham, N. and D.

28. ENCALYPTA

1. E. streptocarpa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 62; Eng. Bot. 2163; Arn. Disp. Musc. 23; On rocks and stone fences at Roadley near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. E. vulgaris

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 63; Turner, Musc. 17; Berwick Flora, ii. 52; Gr. Fl. Eds. 234; Bryum extinctorium Eng. Bot. 558; On walls at Dilston Park near Hexham and near Ovingham, N. On the Roman Station near Lanchester, and at East Morton, Dawden Tower, Cleadon, and in Teesdale, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall and Hanshaw. — Mr. John Thompson. Near Crawcrook, D — Mr. R.B. Bowman.

3. E. ciliata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 63; Eng. Bot. 1418; Gr. Fl. Eds. 234; Near the High Force, Teesdale, D.

29. GRIMMIA

1. G. apocarpa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 65; Eng. Bot. 1134; Berwick Flora, ii. 52; Gr. Fl. Eds. 234; G. rivularis Eng. Bot. 1345; Turner, Musc. 21, t. 2, f. 2. On moist rocks and trees and in alpine rivulets, not rare.

2. G. maritima

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 66; Berwick Flora, ii. 52; Eng. Bot. 1645; Gr. Fl. Eds. 234; On the sea coast near Dalton-le-Dale, D. On the Fern Islands and at Hudshead near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. Near Scremmerston, N.

3. G. pulvinata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 68; Eng. Bot. 1728; Berwick Flora, ii. 52; Dicranum pulvinatum Fl. Brit. 1214. On walls, everywhere.

4. G. tricophylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 68; Grev. Crypt. Fl. t. 100; Arn. Disp. Musc. 21; On Alnwick Moor, N. On the banks of Waskerley Bourn and near Allansford, D. On rocks at the Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

30. PTEROGONIUM

1. T. filiforme

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 75; Eng. Bot. 2207; Arn. Disp. Musc. 49; P. caespitosum Eng. Bot. 2526; Hypnum cylindricum Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 12; On Porphyritic rocks in the denes above Wooler, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

31. WEISSIA

1. W. nigrita

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 78; Arn. Disp. Musc. 26; Grimmia nigrita Eng. Bot. 1825; In the second field from the Tees between Whey-syke House and Harewood Bourn, D. — Mr. R.B. Bowman, Sp.

2. W. lanceolata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 80; Gr. Fl. Eds. 236; Arn. Disp. Musc. 24; Grimmia lanceolata Eng. Bot. 1408; On banks near Whitburn, Boldon, and Cleadon, and on walls near Hedworth and Jarrow, D.

3. W. cirrata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 82; Gr. Fl. Eds. 237; Grimmia cirrata Eng. Bot. 2356; G. Dicksoni Eng. Bot. 1420; On the banks of hedges and in meadows, not rare near Newcastle, N. and D.

4. W. curvirostra

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 84; Arn. Disp. Musc. 25; Berwick Flora, ii. 50; Grimmia recurvirostra Eng. Bot. 1438; On Cheviot and Hedgehope, also on walls at West Denton, near Wylam, and in Wallbottle Dene, N. At Darlington, also near Beamish Hall, and on Gateshead Fell, D. In Stella Dene, D.— Mr. R.B. Bowman.

5. W. controversa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 84; Arn. Disp. Musc. 25; Berwick Flora, ii. 50; Grimmia controversa Eng. Bot. 1367; Turner, Musc. 27. On walls at Dilston Park and at Fallowlees Bourn, N. At Beamish, Urpeth, and Gateshead Fell, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. W. recurvata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 85; Gr. Fl. Eds. 237; Grimmia recurvata Eng. Bot. 1489; Turner, Musc. 24. On Sandstone rocks in Cawsey Wood, Stella Dene, and at Pont Bourn near Hamsterley, D. In Scotswood, Denton, and Wallbottle Denes, N. Near East Ord, N Dr. G. Johnston.

7. W. verticillata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 86; Gr. Fl. Eds. 238; Berwick Flora, ii. 50; Grimmia verticillata Eng. Bot. 1258; Turner, Musc. 31. On the banks of Tyne at Warden Mill, and of the Deals Water at Dilston, N. Near Berwick, and in Twizell Dene near the bridge. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall, N — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. In the Ouse Bourn near Haddrick's Mill, also near Cullercoats, N. — Mr. R.B. Bowman. This moss will usually be found encrusted with carbonate of lime.

8. W. acuta

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 87; Gr. Fl. Eds. 238; Grimmia acuta Eng. Bot. 1644; Turner, Musc. 29. On the banks of Beldon Bourn above Blanchland, and in East Common Wood near Hexham, N.

32. DICRANUM

1. D. bryoides

Hook. and Tay, Musc. 88; Eng. Bot. 625; Berwick Flora, ii. 48; Swartz. Musc. t. 2, f. 4; Turner, Musc. t. 53; D. viridulum Eng. Bot. 1368; D. osmundioides Eng. Bot. 1662; α In fields, meadows, and woods, β on the heath at Prestwick Carr, in Dilston Park, and on moors near Blanchland, N. In Waskerley Park, D. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. D. adiantoides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 90; Berwick Flora, ii. 49; Gr. Fl. Eds. 238; Turner, Musc. 57; Hypnum adiantoides Eng. Bot. 264; In meadows, fields, and woods.

3. D. taxifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 91; Gr. Fl. Eds. 238; Berwick Flora, ii. 49; Hypnum taxifolium Eng. Bot. 416; Dill. Musc. t. 34, f. 2. In fields, meadows, and woods, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. D. glaucum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 92; Eng. Bot. 2166; Berwick Flora, ii. 47; Bryum glaucum Dill. Musc. t. 46, f. 20, and t. 83, f. 8. In bogs on moors, frequent.

5. D. longifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 93; Arn. Disp. Musc. 29; In Waskerley Park, D., but not in fructification. The Durham plant agrees with specimens from Scotland named by Dr. Greville, but is much larger, and its leaves more curved than those of D. longifolium of Swartz. Many years ago, Turner would not allow my plant to be the true D. longifolium of the foreign botanists, but declined naming it.

6. D. cerviculatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 93; Eng. Bot. 1661; Gr. Fl. Eds. 239; D. pusillum Eng. Bot. 2491; D. uncinatum Eng. Bot. 2261; At Prestwick Carr, N. On the banks of Beldon and Nucton Bourns above Blanchland, D. and N.

7. D. flexuosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 94; Eng. Bot. 1491; Gr. Fl. Eds. 239; β nigro viride Sphagnum alpinum Dill. Musc. t. 47, f. 33, and t. 32, f. 3. At Prestwick Carr, N. On Holliwell Moss between Nucton and Beldon Bourns, N. and D. On Hedgehope and Cheviot, N.

8. D. polycarpum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 96; Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1227; Eng. Bot. 2269; Berwick Flora, ii. 48; On rocks in Humbledon Dene above Wooler, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

9. D. squarrosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 98; Eng. Bot. 2004; Gr. Fl. Eds. 240; Berwick Flora, ii. 48; On Beamish Moor, and on the banks of Hishope Bourn, D. On Hedgehope and Cheviot, N.

10. D. pellucidum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 98; Eng. Bot. 1346; Gr. Fl. Eds. 240; Berwick Flora, ii. 48; In Cawsey Wood, on Beamish Moor, by Pont Bourn, also in Ravensworth and Gibside Woods, D. In Walbottle and Scotswood Denes, at Prestwick Carr, and in Dilston Park, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. D. crispum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 99; Eng. Bot. 1151; Arn. Disp. Musc. 33; Berwick Flora, ii. 47; On Urpeth and Beamish Moors, D. Below Shoreswood Hall Dr. Thompson. In the dene below Allerton Mill, N Dr. G. Johnston.

12. D. undulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 100; Eng. Bot. 2260; Gr. Fl. Eds. 240; Berwick Flora, ii. 47; D. polysetum Swartz. Musc. t. 3, f. 5. On Gateshead and Ravensworth Fells, also near Feldon Lead Mill, D. In Dilston Park, and East Common Wood near Hexham, N. Near Crowhall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

13. D. scoparium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 101; Berwick Flora, ii. 47; D. majus Eng. Bot. 1490; Bryum scoparium Eng. Bot. 354; On moors and in woods, frequent.

14. D. fuscescens

Turner, Musc. 60; Fl. Brit. 1204; Eng. Bot. 1597; Gr. Fl. Eds. 241; D. scoparium Hook. and Tay. Musc. 101; On rocks near Heddon-on-the-Wall, N. On stone fences in Muggleswick and Waskerley Parks, also on the Weardale and Teesdale Moors, D.

15. D. varium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 102; Berwick Flora, ii. 47; Eng. Bot. 1215; Gr. Fl. Eds. 241; D. rigidulum Eng. Bot. 1439; D. rufescens Eng. Bot. 1216; Bryum rufescens Dill. Musc. t. 50, f. 59. α In fields and meadows. β Appears to be merely tinged by moss water.

16. D. heteromallum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 103; Eng. Bot. 1272; Gr. Fl. Eds. 241; Berwick Flora, ii. 48; D. interruptum Eng. Bot. 2508; Dill. Musc. t. 47, f. 37, 38. On moist banks, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick, and in Twizell Dene, N Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall, N — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

33. TRICHOSTOMUM

1. T. lanuginosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 105; Eng. Bot. 1348; Gr. Fl. Eds. 242; Berwick Flora, ii. 51; On rocks at Shewing Shields, Simonside, Hedgehope, and Cheviot, N. On moors near Urpeth, Waskerley, in Teesdale, and similar situations in the north-west of the county of Durham, abundant.

2. T. canescens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 106; Eng. Bot. 2434; Gr. Fl. Eds. 242; Berwick Flora, ii. 51; T. ericoides Eng. Bot. 1991; Turner, Musc. 38. On rocks near Cawsey Arch, Gateshead Fell, Ravensworth Fell, and on moors in Teesdale, also near Blanchland, D. On Simonside, Cheviot, and Hedgehope, N.

3. T. heterostichum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 106; Eng. Bot. 1347; Gr. Fl. Eds. 242; Berwick Flora, ii. 51; On rocks and stones in the west of the county of Durham, frequent. At Wardrew, and on Simonside, Hedgehope, and Cheviot, N.

4. T. microcarpon

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 107; Eng. Bot. 1440; Arn. Disp. Musc. 22; On Cheviot, Hedgehope, and Alnwick Moor, N.

5. T. aciculare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 107; Gr. Fl. Eds. 243; Berwick Flora, ii. 51; Dicranum aciculare Eng. Bot. 1978; Turner, Musc. 67. On stones and rocks in sub-alpine rivulets, not rare. In Scotswood dene, Dilston Park, in Wooler Water above Langley-ford, in the Wansbeck near Wallington. In Reedsdale, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

6. T. fasciculate

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 108; Eng. Bot. 2005; Gr. Fl. Eds. 243; On Beamish Moor and in Cawsey Dene, and on moors in the west of the county of Durham, frequent. On Simonside, Hedgehope, and Cheviot, N.

7. T. polyphyllum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 108; Gr. Fl. Eds. 243; Berwick Flora, ii. 51; Dicranum polyphyllum Eng. Bot. 1217; On rocks on Holliwell Moss near Blanchland, N. By Howdon Bourn, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. This plant, so common in the vicinity of the Cumberland lakes, is rare on the east side of the island.

8. LEUCODON

1. L. sciuroides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 112; Arn. Disp. Musc. 50; Dicranum sciuroides Eng. Bot. 1903; On rocks in Castle Eden Dene, and on trees near Lamesley, Beamish, and Cawsey, D. Above Langley Ford at the foot of Cheviot, and in Dilston Park, N.

35. DIDYMODON

1. D. purpureum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 113; Gr. Fl. Eds. 244; Berwick Flora, ii. 46; Dicranum purpureum Eng. Bot. 2262; D. strictum Eng. Bot. 1294; D. bipartium Eng. Bot. 2357; D. Celsii Eng. Bot. 2418; On the ground and hedge banks. Very large on the heathy part of Prestwick Carr, N. D. strictum of Smith.— See Eng. Bot. 1294.

2. D. rigidulum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 117; Arn. Disp. Musc. 35; Trichostomum lineare Eng. Bot. 1598; T. rigidulum Eng. Bot. 2178; Turner, Musc. 34. On rocks in the Ouse Bourn, near Haddrick's Mill, and near Wylam, N. On rocks by the Tyne above Hebburn Quay, and on the banks of Feldon and Pont Bourns, D.

3. D. trifarium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 118; Gr. Fl. Eds. 244; Berwick Flora, ii. 46; Trichostomum linoides Eng. Bot. 2295; T. trifarium Eng. Bot. 1707; By the High Force of Tees, and above Stanhope in Weardale, D. At Prestwick Carr, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. D. capillaceum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 119; Gr. Fl. Eds. 224; Trichostomum capillaceum Eng. Bot. 1152; On Cheviot, Hedgehope, and in Tecket wood, N. On Boldon and Cleadon Hills, also in Bolyhope Dene, near Stanhope in Weardale, and in Teesdale, D.

5. D. heteromallum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 119; Gr. Fl. Eds. 244; Grimmia heteromalla Eng. Bot. 1899; Grimmia homomalla Eng. Bot. 1900; On Simonside, Cheviot, and in East Common Wood near Hexham, N. By Feldon and Winlaton Bourns, D. By Nuckton and Beldon Bourns, N. and D.

36. FUNARIA

1. F. hygrometrica

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 121; Gr. Fl. Eds. 247; Berwick Flora, ii. 39; Bryum hygrometricum Eng. Bot. 342; On walls and hedge banks, but most frequent on old pit heaps and coal ashes. This moss is abundant on the lava of Vesuvius.

2. F. Muhlenbergii

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 122; Eng. Bot. 1498; Arn. Disp. Musc. 42; Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

37. ORTHOTRICHUM

1. O. cupulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 125; Gr. Fl. Eds. 248; Berwick Flora, ii. 40; O. anomalum Eng. Bot. 1423; O. nudum Eng. Bot. 1325; On rocks in the river Wear near Chester-le-Street New Bridge, and in Waskerley Bourn near Wolsingham, D. In rivulets near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. O. anomalum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 126; Gr. Fl. Eds. 247; Arn. Disp. Musc. 13; Berwick Flora, ii. 40; Eng. Bot. 2696; Bryum striatum Dill. Musc. t. 55, f. 9. β, On rocks at Cleadon and Boldon, and on walls at Saltwellside, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Penpeugh, N. — Mr. John Thompson.

3. O. Drummondii

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 126; Supp. t. 4; Gr. Crypt. Fl. t. 115; Berwick Flora, ii. 40; Upon Alder trees on the banks of Wooler Water below Langley Ford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. O. affine

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 127; Eng. Bot. 1323; Berwick Flora, ii. 41; Gr. Fl. Eds. 248; O. pumilum Eng. Bot. 2168; Turner, Musc. 98. On trees, not uncommon. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. O. rupincola

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 127; Gr. Fl. Eds. 248; Berwick Flora, ii. 41; On Limestone rocks at Carham and Wark on the Tweed, N. On rocks at Easington House below Belford, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. O. diaphanum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 128; Eng. Bot. 1324; Gr. Fl. Eds. 249; O. aristatum Turner, Musc. t. 9, f. 2; Fl. Brit. 1265. On trees at Painsher, Hollinside, Cawsey, and Lamesley, and at East Morton, D. Near Gosforth and Fenham, N.

7. O. rivulare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 128; Eng. Bot. 2188; Turner, Musc. 96, t. 8; On stones in Cawsey Bourn, and in the Wear at Chester-le-Street New Bridge, D.

8. O. striatum

9. O. crispum

10. O. Hutchinsiae

Hook. and Tay. 131; Eng. Bot. 2523; Arn. Disp. Musc. 18; On trees in Teesdale near Cronkley Fell, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

11. O. pulchellum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 134; Eng. Bot. 1787; Gr. Fl. Eds. 249; Berwick Flora, ii. 41; On trees in Cawsey Wood, January, 1801, and at Gibside, Allansford, and Hamsterley, 1802, D. Behind Fenham, on Newcastle Town Moor, N., 1803. In Longridge Dene near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

38. NECKERA

1. N. crispa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 136; Gr. Fl. Eds. 251; Turner, Musc. 101; Hypnum crispum Eng. Bot. 617; In Cawsey, Painsher, Friarside, and Gibside Woods, in Castle Eden Dene, and woods above Derwent Bridge, also in Weardale, D. In woods on the banks of Irthing near Wardrew, and at the foot of Cheviot, N. On the banks of Fallow lees Bourn, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

39. ANOMODON

1. A. curtipendulum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 137; Gr. Fl. Eds. 250; Neckera curtipendula Eng. Bot. 1444; On trees on Waskerley Bourn, on Muggleswick Park wall, on the banks of the Derwent near Allansford and on trees in Howns Wood near Lanchester, D. On the south bank of the Derwent near Crook Oak, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

2. A. viticulosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 138; Gr. Fl. Eds. 250; Berwick Flora, ii. 35; Neckera viticulosa Turner, Musc. 103; Hypnum viticulosum Eng. Bot. 265; In woods and on Limestone rocks in the denes on the coast, N. and D., but seldom in fructification. On rocks in Humbledon Dene above Wooler, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

40. DALTONIA

1. D. heteromalla

Hook. and Tay, Musc. 139; Arn. Disp. Musc. 55; Neckera heteromalla Eng. Bot. 1180; On trees near Kibblesworth, D. Near Wardrew, N.

41. FONTINALIS

1. F. antipyretica

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 140; Eng. Bot. 859; Gr. Fl. Eds. 251; Berwick Flora, ii. 35; In the Tweed near Carham, Wark, and Norham, N. In rivers and brooks, N. and D., not very common.

2. F. squamosa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 141; Eng. Bot. 1861; Gr. Fl. Eds. 251; Turner, Musc. 199; In the river Wear near Lumley Castle, and in the Tees above Middleton, D. In Wooler Water, N.

42. BARTRAMIA

1. B. pomiformis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 144; Eng. Bot. 998; Gr. Fl. Scot. 252; major Hook. and Tay. Musc. 145; Berwick Flora, ii. 35; B. crispa Eng. Bot. 1526; Swartz, Musc. 73; Ann. of Bot. i. 527; α. On hedge banks near Gateshead, Ravensworth, Gibside, and Busty Bank, D. Near Hexham, N. β on rocks at Shewing Shields, on Cheviot, and above Blanchland, also in Allendale and in the Roman Foss at Walwick, N. On the banks of Fallowlees Bourn, and on Cottingham Hope, Reedsdale, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Burn House Coan Wood, N.— Mr. J. Thompson. On Redwell Hills near Pontop Pike, and in Waskerley and Feldon Denes, D. Near Edmond Byers, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. β Occurs in subalpine situations; α in the lower part of the country.

2. B. ithyphylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 145; Eng. Bot. 1710; Arn. Disp. Musc. 40; On Cheviot, and in Allendale and Teesdale, also on a wall at Eal's Bridge near Blanchland, N. Near Edmondbyers, and at Healey Field, also near Cauldron Snout, U. On banks near Crowhall, N.— Mr. Jno. Thompson. This is Bartramia pomiformis of Swartz, Musc. 73; according to specimens from the author.

3. B. gracilis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 146; Eng. Bot. 1826; Arn. Disp. Musc. 40; B. Aediri Schw. Supp. 49, t. 59. By Irehope Bourn, Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

4. B. fontana

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 146; Gr. Fl. Eds. 252; Berwick Flora, ii. 36; Bryum fontanum Eng. Bot. 390; In wet places and bogs, frequent.

5. B. arcuata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 148; Gr. Fl. Eds. 253; Berwick Flora, ii. 36; Eng. Bot. 1237; Turner, Musc. 109; Mnium arctuatum Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 2, t. 7, f. 3. In woods at the foot of Cheviot and Hedgehope, N, On moors near Feldon Lead Mill, D.

43. HOOKERIA

1. H. lucens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 149; Gr. Fl. Eds. 253; Berwick Flora, ii. 35; Eng. Bot. 1902; Hypnum lucens Fl. Brit. 1295; Turner, Musc. 155. In woods near Newcastle, not rare. In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, N. In Cawsey, Gibside, and Ravensworth woods, D. On rocks at Hudshead and other places near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

44. HYPNUM

1. H. trichomanoides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 152; Eng. Bot. 1493; Gr. Fl. Eds. 253; In woods, not rare.

2. H. complanatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 152; Eng. Bot. 1492; Gr. Fl. Eds. 253; Berwick Flora, ii. 34; On trees in woods, frequent.

3. H. riparium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 152; Eng. Bot. 2060; Gr. Fl. Eds. 254; In the water course of Derwent Coat Forge, D. At Prestwick Carr, N.

4. H. undulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 153; Eng. Bot. 1181; Gr. Fl. Eds. 254; Berwick Flora, ii. 34; In every wood near Newcastle, N. and D. On Cheviot and the adjoining hills, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. H. denticulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 153; Eng. Bot. 1260; Gr. Fl. Eds. 254; Berwick Flora, ii. 34; H. Donianum Eng. Bot. 1446; In woods and on hedge banks, frequent.

6. H. medium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 154; Eng. Bot. 1274; Arn. Disp. Musc. 67; H. inundatum Eng. Bot. 1922; On trees near Cleadon, Boldon, and Cocken, D. At Beaufront near Hexham, N.

7. H. tenellum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 155; Eng. Bot. 1859; Gr. Fl. Eds. 254; On roots in Cawsey Wood, D.

8. H. serpens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 155; Eng. Bot. 1037; Gr. Fl. Eds. 255; Berwick Flora, ii. 26; In every wood near Newcastle.

9. H. populeum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 157; Gr. Fl. Eds. 255; Berwick Flora, ii. 26; H. implexum Eng. Bot. 1584; Turner, Musc. 173, t. 16. On stones in fields near Gateshead, and in Urpeth, Beamish, and Ravensworth woods, also in Waskerley and Cawsey Denes, D. In Scotswood, Horsley, and Jesmond Denes, and in Dilston Park, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. H. Schreberi

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 159; Eng. Bot. 1621; Gr. Fl. Eds. 255; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; In Cawsey Wood, D. On Newcastle Town Moor also near Blanchland, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. H. stramineum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 160; Eng. Bot. 2465; Arn. Disp. Musc. 60; In bogs near Muggleswick, D., but not in fructification.

12. H. murale

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 161; Turner, Musc. 166; H. confertum Eng. Bot. 1038; H. abbreviatum Hedw. Musc. t. 65, f. 1; Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 113, and Addenda, 24; On walls near Bywell, and in Walbottle Dene, N. On Gateshead Fell, and on stones in a rivulet near Ravensworth, also at Spring Houses near Muggleswick, on the banks of Tyne near the Redheugh, at Painsher, and in Dalton Dene, D.

13. H. purum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 162; Eng. Bot. 1599; Gr. Fl. Eds. 255; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; H. illecebrum Eng. Bot. 2189; Dill. Musc. t. 40, f. 45. In woods and on shady banks, everywhere.

14. H. plumosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 162; Eng. Bot. 2071; Gr. Fl. Eds. 256; Berwick Flora, ii. 26; Turner, Musc. 172, t. 15, f. 1; H. alpinum Eng. Bot. 1496; Turner, Musc. 192. On stones in Font Bourn and the Derwent above Blanchland, also in Cawsey Wood and near Derwent Coat, D. In the bourn in Heaton and Scotswood Denes, also in Oakwood and Dilston Park, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

15. H. polyanthos

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 164; Arn. Disp. Musc. 69; Berwick Flora, ii. 27; Leskea polyantha Gr. Crypt, t. 151; On apple, and at the foot of hawthorn trees near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. In the dene above Twizell Castle Bridge, N. — Rev. A. Baird. Near Croft, D. — Rev. James Dalton.

6. H. sericeum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 165; Gr. Fl. Eds. 256; Eng. Bot. 1445; Arn. Disp. Musc. 64; Berwick Flora, ii. 27; On rocks, stone walls, and the trunks of trees, but not very common, N. and D. Near Wellington, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. About BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

17. H. salebrosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 166; Gr. Crypt, t. 184; In boggy places in Ravensworth, Cawsey, and Beamish Woods, D.

18. H. lutescens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 166; Eng. Bot. 1301; Gr. Fl. Eds. 257; Berwick Flora, ii. 27; On Boldon and Cleadon Hills, and at Painsher, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

19. H. nitens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 176; Eng. Bot. 1646; Sm. Fl. Brit. iii. 1316; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; In bogs on the Wolsingham Moors, D., but not in fruit. In Haiden Dene, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

20. H. albicans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 167; Eng. Bot. 1300; Gr. Fl. Eds. 257; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; On Gateshead Fell, D. On Holy Island, N. On Spittle and Scremmerston Links, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

21. H. alopecurum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 168; Eng. Bot. 1182; Gr. Fl. Eds. 258; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; In woods on the banks of the Irthing near Wardrew, in Dilston Park and East Common Wood, also at the foot of Cheviot, N. On Allen Banks, N. — Mr. Jno. Thompson. In Cawsey Dene and most of the woods in the west of the county of Durham.

22. H. dendroides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 168; Eng. Bot. 1565; Gr. Fl. Eds. 258; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; In woods near Lamesley, and at Cawsey Wood, also near the Redheugh, D. At the foot of Cheviot and Hedgehope, in East Common Wood, Tecket wood, and in the vicinity of Gilsland, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Crowhall, N. — Mr. Jno. Thompson.

23. H. curvatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 169; Eng. Bot. 1566; Gr. Fl. Eds. 258; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; On trees, not rare. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

24. H. myosuroides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 169; Eng. Bot. 1567; Gr. Fl. Eds. 258; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; In Cawsey, Beamish, and Ravensworth woods, D. In Dilston Park, East Common Wood, and at the foot of Cheviot, N. In the neighbourhood of Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. On the banks of Fallowlees Bourn, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

25. H. splendens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 170; Eng. Bot. 1424; Gr. Fl. Eds. 259; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; In woods and on moors, frequent.

26. H. proliferum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 170; Eng. Bot. 1494; Gr. Fl. Eds. 259; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; In woods, common.

27. H. praelongum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 172; Eng. Bot. 2035; Gr. Fl. Eds. 259; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; H. Stokesii Eng. Bot. 2036; In woods, frequent.

28. H. flagellare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 174; Arn. Disp. Musc. 64; H. umbratum Eng. Bot. 2565; Turner, Musc. 158. On dripping rocks near the upper end of Waskerley Dene near Wolsingham, D.

29. H. abictinum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 174; Eng. Bot. 2037; Arn. Disp. Musc. 64; Turner, Musc. 162; On the Magnesian Limestone at Boldon, Cleadon, and Ryhope, D., but never in fructification.

30. H. piliferum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 175; Eng. Bot. 1516; Gr. Fl. Eds. 259; Near Painsher, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N.

31. H. rutabulum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 176; Gr. Fl. Eds. 260; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; H. crenulatum Northumberland and Durham Guide, 108, No. 997; Eng. Bot. 1261; H. brevirostre Eng. Bot. 1647; On trees and stone walls, common. H. crenulatum is a woodland variety, and from that circumstance owes its peculiar habit.

32. H. velutinum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 177; Gr. Fl. Eds. 260; Eng. Bot. 1568; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; H. intricatum Eng. Bot. 2421; H. Teesdalii Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iv. 16; Eng. Bot. 203; In woods and on hedge banks, not rare.

3. H. ruscifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 177; Eng. Bot. 1275; Gr. Fl. Eds. 260; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; In rivulets and pools of water, not rare.

4. H. striatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 178; Eng. Bot. 1648; Gr. Fl. Eds. 261; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; In woods, denes, and on hedge banks, frequent.

5. H. confertum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 178; Gr. Fl. Eds. 261; Eng. Bot. 2407; Berwick Flora, ii. 30; H. serrulatum Eng. Bot. 1262; On walls near Urpeth, and trees in Cawsey Wood, also on Gateshead Fell, and at Spring Houses near Muggleswick, D. In Heaton Wood, Oak Wood, and Dilston Park, N.

6. H. cuspidatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 178; Eng. Bot. 2407; Gr. Fl. Eds. 261; Turner, Musc. 177; Berwick Flora, ii. 28; In bogs, common.

7. H. cordifolium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 179; Eng. Bot. 1447; Gr. Fl. Eds. 261; Arn. Disp. Musc. 66; In fruit in old pit holes, on Newcastle Town Moor, also on the Muckle Moss, and at Prestwick Carr, N. In bogs on moors near Blanchland,and at the source of Horsley Hope Bourn, also near the Smelt Mill Forge at Team, D. Near Crowhall Mill, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

38. H. polymorphum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 179; Eng. Bot. t. 2671; H. chrysophyllum Bridel. Musc. ii. 2, f. 2; Hedw. Musc. 66; Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 113, and Addenda, 24; In fallow fields near Medomsley and Lanchester, also near Lamesley, and Ravensworth, D. The specimen figured in Eng. Bot. grew near Lanchester.

39. H. stellatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 180; Eng. Bot. 1302; Gr. Fl. Eds 262; Berwick Flora, ii. 31; In bogs near Feldon Lead Mill, and on Ravensworth Fell, D. At Prestwick Carr, and on moors beyond Blanchland, N. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

40. H. lorcum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 181; Eng. Bot. 2072; Gr. Fl. Eds. 262; Berwick Flora, ii. 31; In woods, common.

41. H. triquetrum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 182; Eng. Bot. 1622; Gr. Fl. Eds. 262; Berwick Flora, ii. 31; In woods, abundant.

42. H. squarrosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 182; Eng. Bot. 1593; Gr. Fl. Eds. 262; In woods, and on moors, abundant.

43. H. filicinum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 183; Eng. Bot. 1570; Gr. Fl. Eds. 263; Berwick Flora, ii. 32; On bogs and by rivulets.

44. H. palustre

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 185; Eng. Bot. 1655; Gr. Fl. Eds. 263; Berwick Flora, ii. 33; H. luridum Hedw. St. Cr. iv. t. 38; H. fluviatile Eng. Bot. 1303; Turner, Musc. 192; H. adnatum Turner, Musc. 165; Eng. Bot. 2406; In the river Derwent, in Pont, Waskerley, and Cawsey Bourns, also on the moor at Sunnyside near Whickham, D. In the De'il's Water in Dilston Park and in the lrthing at Gilsland, N.

45. H. fluitans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 185; Eng. Bot. 1448; Gr. Fl. Eds. 263; Berwick Flora, ii. 33; In fruit in old pit holes, on Newcastle Town Moor, in East Common Wood, and Dilston Park, on the Muckle Moss, and at Prestwick Carr, N. In ponds on Gateshead Fell, and on the moor at Sunnyside near Whickham, D.

46. H. aduncum

α revolvens Hook. and Tay. Musc. 186; Gr. Fl. Eds. 263; Berwick Flora, ii. 33; H. revolvens Eng. Bot. 2073; Swartz, Musc. t. 7, f. 14; Northumberland and Durham Guide, 111, No. 1034. H. rugosum Eng. Bot. 2250; Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 12; Northumberland and Durham Guide, 111. α On the heathy part of Prestwick Carr, on moors near Blanchland and Wardrew, N. In the Black Syke near Spring Houses, also on the Teesdale Moors, and near Feldon Lead Mill, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. β at Prestwick Carr, and by Roadley Lake, N. On the south bank of Derwent near Crook-oak, D. In uniting these species I have followed Dr. Hooker, but the great difference of size between H. revolvens and H. rugosum even when growing close together, makes me suspect that they will, after all, prove distinct species. H. aduncum of Swartz has extremely fine leaves, and is unlike any British moss which has come under my observation.

47. H. uncinatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 187; Eng. Bot. 1600; Gr. Fl. Eds. 264; Berwick Flora, ii. 33; Turner, Musc. 190; In bogs near Blanchland, Wardrew, and in East Common Wood, N. On Gateshead Fell, and in Cawsey and Friarside Woods, also near Hilton Castle, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

48. H. commutatum

Hook. and Tay, Musc. 188; Eng. Bot. 1569; Gr. Fl. Eds. 264; Berwick Flora, ii. 32; In Heaton Dene, on bogs near Blanchland, and by the lrthing at Wardrew, also on the moors near Wallington, N. In Castle Eden Dene, on Ravensworth Fell and the Teesdale Moors, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. This moss usually occurs in springs whose waters are impregnated with lime.

49. H. scorpioides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 188; Eng. Bot. 1039 (bad); Gr. Fl. Eds. 264; Turner, Musc. 187; Berwick Flora, ii. 31; On the heath at Prestwick Carr, N.

50. H. silesianum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 189; Eng. Bot. 2016; Arn. Disp. Musc. 68; On the high ground at the head of Waskerley Bourn, D., rare.

51. H. cupressiforme

α vulgare Hook. and Tay. Musc. 189; Eng. Bot. 1800; Berwick Flora, ii. 31; Gr. Fl. Eds. 265; H. nigro-viride Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. 18; Northumberland and Durham Guide, 108; β compressum Dill. Musc. t. 36, f. 22; γ tenue H. polyanthos Eng. Bot. 1664; Turner, Musc. 137; α On trees, everywhere; β in woods; γ always on trees. Variety nigro viride on rocks in Cawsey Wood, D.

52. H. molluscum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 181; Eng. Bot. 1327; Gr. Fl. Eds. 265; Turner, Musc. 198; Berwick Flora, ii. 32; On moors, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

45. BRYUM

1. B. androgynum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 193; Turner, Musc. 113; Mnium androgynum Eng. Bot. 1328; At Prestwick Carr, and on the Muckle Moss, N. In Cawsey Wood and near Tanfield, also in Waskerley Dene, D. In Twizell Dene, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. B. palustre

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 193; Eng. Bot. 391; Berwick Flora, ii. 38; Gr. Fl. Eds. 265; Mnium palustre Fl. Brit. 1346. On bogs, frequent.

3. B. trichodes

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 195; Eng. Bot. 1517; Arn. Disp. Musc. 43; In bogs on Holliwell Moss, and the Muckle Moss, N. Near Feldon Lead Mill, and by Nuckton Bourn, D.

4. B. dealbatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 196; Eng. Bot. 1571; Gr. Fl. Eds. 266; Turner, Musc. 115; On the banks of Nuckton and Feldon Bourns, D. Of Beldon Bourn, and on the Muckle Moss, N.

5. B. pyriforme

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 196; Arn. Disp. Musc. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 266; B. aureum Eng. Bot. 389; In Mr. Falla's nursery grounds, Gateshead, D.

6. B. crudum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 198; Eng. Bot. 1604; Gr. Fl. Eds. 266; On the banks of Nuckton Bourn, D.

7. B. carneum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 198; Eng. Bot. 360; Gr. Fl. Eds. 207; Berwick Flora, ii. 37; On boggy ground near the Red Heugh, and on Gateshead Fell, also near Sunderland, D. Near Dilston and Hexham, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. B. argenteum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 199; Eng. Bot. 1602; Gr. Fl. Eds. 267; Berwick Flora, ii. 37; On walls, hedge banks, &c., common.

9. B. Zierii

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 199; Eng. Bot. 1021; Gr. Fl. Eds. 267; Arn. Disp. Musc. 45; Turner, Musc. 123; Near the Cauldron Snout, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

10. B. roseum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 200; Eng. Bot. 2395; Gr. Fl. Eds. 267; Turner, Musc. 132; Berwick Flora, ii. 39; In Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, also Near Darlington, D. In Scotswood and Walbottle Denes, and at the foot of Cheviot, N. In Twizell Dene, and at Hudshead, N Dr. G. Johnston. I never met with this moss in fructification.

11. B. capillare

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 200; Eng. Bot. 2007; Berwick Flora, ii. 37; Gr. Fl. Eds. 267; B. annotinum Eng. Bot. 1862; In woods and on boggy ground near the Red Heugh, also Near Darlington, D. At Blanchland, Gilsland, in Dilston Park, and at Prestwick Carr, N.

12. B. caespititium

Hook. and Tay. Musc. α 201; Eng. Bot. 1904; Berwick Flora, ii. 37; Gr. Fl. Eds. 268; B. bicolor Eng. Bot. 1601; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. 16; Turner, Musc. 11, f. 2. α On walls and the roofs of houses, &c, everywhere. β on Gateshead Fell, Ravensworth Fell, and near Medomsley, also near Healy Field, D. Near Allansford, at Prestwick Carr, and Corbridge, N. The minute green Aliments, so common on damp walls, garden posts, &c., and figured at t. 77 of Dillwyn's work, as Conferva velutina are now considered to be the radicles of this moss.

13. B. turbinatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 202; Eng. Bot. 1572; Gr. Fl. Eds. 268; Berwick Flora, ii. 37; B. nigricans Eng. Bot. 1528; B. interruptum Eng. Bot. 2371; In bogs near the Red Heugh, and on the banks of Feldon and Nuckton Bourns, also on Gateshead Fell, Beamish Moor, and in Cawsey and Ravensworth woods, D. At Prestwick Carr, and in Scotswood, also on the banks of Beldon Bourn, on the Muckle Moss, and near Wardrew, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

14. B. nutans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 203; Eng. Bot. 1240; Gr. Fl. Eds. 268; Turner, Musc. 117; Berwick Flora, ii. 29; B. compactum Eng. Bot. 1257; At Prestwick Carr, and on Newcastle Town Moor, in Dilston Park, on the Muckle Moss, and near Wardrew, N. At the Red Heugh, Beamish, and Cawsey, also in Weardale and Teesdale, D.

15. B. ventricosum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 205; Eng. Bot. 2270; Gr. Fl. Eds. 268; Berwick Flora, ii. 38; B. bimum Eng. Bot. 1518; B. cubitale Eng. Bot. 2554; In bogs near the Red Heugh and on Ravensworth Fell, Beamish Moor, in Weardale and Teesdale, D. At the Muckle Moss, on Wallington Moors, Holliwell Moss, Prestwick Carr, and near Gilsland, N. Near Burn House in Coan Wood, N.— Mr. J. Thompson.

16. B. punctatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 207; Eng. Bot. 1183; Gr. Fl. Eds. 269; Berwick Flora, ii. 38; Turner, Musc. 132; In shady woods and damp denes, not rare. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

17. B. ligulatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 207; Eng. Bot. 1449; Berwick Flora, ii. 39; Gr. Fl. Eds. 269; B. undulatum Turner, Musc. 133. In woods, frequent.

18. B. rostratum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 208; Eng. Bot. 1475; Gr. Fl. Eds. 269; Berwick Flora, ii. 38; In Waskerley Dene near Wolsingham, D. Near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

19. B. marginatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 208; Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. 2, t. 5, f. 1; Eng. Bot. 1493; Arn. Disp. Musc. 44; Near the High Force of Tees, and at Winch Bridge in the same Neighbourhood, D.

20. B. hornum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 209; Eng. Bot. 2271; Gr. Fl. Eds. 270; Berwick Flora, ii. 39; In woods, common.

21. B. cuspidatum

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 209; Eng. Bot. 1474; Gr. Fl. Eds. 270; Berwick Flora, ii. 38; In woods, not very rare, N. and D. In Castle Eden Dene, and at Cocken, D.

46. ANDRAEA

1. A. alpina

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 2; Eng. Bot. 1278; Arn. Disp. Musc. 6; Upon rocks, on the moors at the head of Derwent, between Nuckton and Beldon Bourns, N. and D.

2. A. rupestris

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 2; Eng. Bot. 1277; Berwick Flora, ii. 56; Upon rocks on the Teesdale Moors, D. On Cheviot, N. On the summit of Hedgehope, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. A. Rothii

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 2; Eng. Bot. 2162; Arn. Disp. Musc. 6; A. ruspestris Sm. Fl. Brit. 1178. On the Wolsingham Moors, D. On the Teesdale Moors near the Cauldron Snout, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

HEPATICAE

47. JUNGERMANNIA

1. J. trichophylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 226; Hook. Jung. t. 7; Eng. Bot. 2252; Dill. Musc. t. 73, f. 37; On heaths Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

2. J. asplenioides

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 227; Gr. Fl. Eds. 272; Eng. Bot. 1788; Hook. Jung. t. 13; Berwick Flora, ii. 62; Dill. Musc. t. 69, f. 5; In every wood near Newcastle.

3. J. lanceolata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 228; Hook. Jung. t. 18; Berwick Flora, ii. 63; In denes and woods near Newcastle, also at Prestwick Carr, and Gilsland, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. J. Sphagni

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 228; Eng. Bot. 2470; Hook, Jung. t. 33, and Supp. t. 2; Gr. Fl. Eds. 273; In boggy places on moors, N. and D.

5. J. crenulata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 229; Eng. Bot. 1463; Hook. Jung. t. 37; At the foot of Bolt's Law, on Muggleswick Fell, also near Gilsland, and in Weardale and Teesdale, D. On Cheviot, N.

6. J. emarginata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 229; Eng. Bot. 1022; Hook. Jung. t. 27; Berwick Flora, ii. 63; In Beldon Dene, and near Wardrew, also on Hedgehope and Cheviot, N. At the foot of Bolt's Law, also in Weardale and Teesdale, D. On Gateshead Fell, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

7. J. concinnata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 229; Eng. Bot. 2229; Hook. Jung. t. 3; On rocks in the upper part of Waskerley Dene, D. At the Cauldron Snout, Teesdale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

8. J. excisa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 230; Eng. Bot. 2497; Hook. Jung. t. 9; Berwick Flora, ii. 64; In shady denes and on wet heaths.

9. J. ventricosa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 230; Eng. Bot. 2568; Hook. Jung. t. 28; Berwick Flora, ii. 63; In woods, but not frequent.

10. J. bicuspidata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 230; Eng. Bot. 2239; Hook. Jung. t. 11; Gr. Fl. Eds. 273; Berwick Flora, ii. 64; In woods near Newcastle, not rare.

11. J. byssacca

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 230; Hook. Jung. t. 12; Berwick Flora, ii. 65; J. divaricata Eng. Bot. 719; On dry open situations, on moors, N. and D.

12. J. connivens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 231; Eng. Bot. 2436; Hook. Jung. t. 15; Gr. Fl. Eds. 274; Berwick Flora, ii. 64; In boggy places in Heaton Dene, N. Near the Red Heugh near Gateshead, D.

13. J. curvifolia

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 231; Eng. Bot. 1304; Hook. Jung. t. 16; Dicks. Crypt. t. 5. f. 9; On Teesdale Forest, D. On Cheviot, N.

14. J. incisa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 231; Hook. Jung. t. 10; Eng. Bot. 2528; Gr. Fl. Eds. 274; In bogs, not rare.

15. J. pusilla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 231; Hook. Jung. t. 69; Eng. Bot. 1775; Berwick Flora, ii. 64; In fields by the borders of woods, N. and D. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

16. J. nemorosa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 232; Eng. Bot. 607 and 2437; Gr. Fl. Eds. 274; Hook. Jung. t. 21; Berwick Flora, ii. 61; On Gateshead Fell, D. In Scotswood dene, N. The alpine variety, in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, and Waskerley Dene, also in rivulets near the Roman Aqueduct west of Woodlands, D. At Birch Carr near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. On the Wallington and Gilsland moors and Cheviot, N.

17. J. undulata

Hook. and. Tay. Musc. 232; Eng. Bot. 2251; Hook. Jung. t. 22; Berwick Flora, ii. 61; Gr. Fl. Eds. 274; J. purpurea Eng. Bot. 1023; On Lanchester Moor, and at the foot of Bolt's Law, also in Weardale and Teesdale, D. On Cheviot, the Wallington moors, and at Gilsland, N.

18. J. resupinata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 232; Eng. Bot. 2498; Hook. Jung. t. 23; Gr. Fl. Eds. 275; In woods and denes, but not common.

19. J. albicans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 233; Eng. Bot. 2240; Hook. Jung. t. 25; Gr. Fl. Eds. 275; Berwick Flora, ii. 62; In denes and woods, frequent. At Cottenhope in Reedsdale, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

20. J. obtusifolia

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 233; Eng. Bot. 2511; Hook. Jung. t. 26; Gr. Fl. Eds. 275; On banks near Heddon-on-the-Wall, N.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

21. J. minuta

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 233; Hook. Jung. t. 44; Eng. Bot. 2231; Among moss on the high moors, N. and D.

22. J. cochleariformis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 234; Hook. Jung. t. 68; Eng. Bot. 2500; In Waskerley Dene, D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

23. J. complanata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 234; Eng. Bot. 2499; Berwick Flora, ii. 62; Hook. Jung. t. 81; Gr. Fl. Eds. 276; Dill. Musc. t. 72, f. 26; On the bark of trees, not rare.

24. J. scalaris

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 234; Hook. Jung. t. 61; Gr. Fl. Eds. 276; J. lanceolata Eng. Bot. 605; Berwick Flora, ii. 61; In woods and denes, N. and D.

25. J. polyanthos

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 234; Hook. Jung. t. 62; Eng. Bot. 2475; Gr. Fl. Eds. 276; In Gilsland Woods, N. In woods Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson.

26. J. viticulosa

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 235; Hook. Jung. t. 60; Eng. Bot. 2513; In Cocken woods, D. In East Common Wood, N.

27. J. Trichomanis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 235; Hook. Jung. t. 79; Eng. Bot. 1875; Gr. Fl. Eds, 276; Berwick Flora, ii. 60; In moist places in woods, and on moors, N. and D. On Murton Crags, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

28. J. bidentata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 235; Eng. Bot. 606; Berwick Flora, ii. 59; Gr. Fl. Eds. 277; Hook. Jung. t. 30; J. bicuspidata Eng. Bot. 281; In woods near Newcastle, not rare.

29. J. heterophylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 235; Hook. Jung. t. 31; Berwick Flora, ii. 60; In Cawsey and Beamish Woods, D. In woods at Gilsland, N. In woods about Twizell, on the Tweed, N.— Rev. A. Baird.

30. J. barbata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 236; Hook. Jung. t. 70; Berwick Flora, ii. 60; Gr. Fl. Eds. 277; J. quinquedentata Eng. Bot. 2517; In woods near Newcastle, N. On Murton Crags, N.— Dr. G. Johnston. Near Darlington, D.

31. J. reptans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 236; Hook. Jung. t. 75; Eng. Bot, 608; Gr. Fl. Eds. 277; In woods, but not frequent.

32. J. trilobata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 236; Gr. Fl. Eds. 277; Berwick Flora, ii. 59; Hook. Jung. t. 76; J. radicans Eng. Bot. 2232; In Teesdale and Weardale, and on Muggleswick Fell, D. On Wardrew Moors, N. On Murton Crags, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

33. J. platyphylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 237; Eng. Bot. 789; Gr. Fl. Eds. 278; Hook. Jung. t. 40 and Supp. t. 3; Berwick Flora, ii. 59; On trees near Lanchester, Tanfield, and Darlington, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, Dilston Park, and Gilsland Woods, N. Near Berwick, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

34. J. ciliaris

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 237; Eng. Bot. 2241; Hook. Jung. t. 65; Gr. Fl. Eds. 278; On moors, not rare.

35. J. tomentilla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 237; Hook. Jung. t. 36; Eng. Bot. 2242; In Cawsey Wood, near Allansford, and Witton-le-Wear, D. In Gilsland Woods, N.

36. J. minutissima

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 238; Hook. Jung. t. 52; Eng. Bot. 1633; In Heaton Wood, N.

37. J. dilatata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 239; Gr. Fl. Eds. 279; Hook. Jung. t. 5; Berwick Flora, ii. 58; J. tamariscifolia Eng. Bot. 1086; On the trunks of trees, common.

38. J. Tamarisci

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 239; Gr. Fl. Eds. 279; Berwick Flora, ii. 58; Hook. Jung. t. 6; J. tamariscina Eng. Bot. 2480; In woods near Eglestone, D. At the foot of Cheviot, and in Gilsland Woods, N. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

39. J. pinguis

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 240; Hook. Jung. t. 46; Eng. Bot. 185; Gr. Fl. Eds. 270; Berwick Flora, ii. 66; On bogs and in watery places.

40. J. multifida

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 240; Hook. Jung. t. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 271; Berwick Flora, ii. 66; Eng. Bot. 186; J. sinuata Eng. Bot. 1476; In marshy places near Ravensworth and the Redheugh, D. Near Darlington, D.-Mr. E. Robson. At Prestwick Carr, and in Dilston Park, also in Benwell Dene, N.

41. J. epiphylla

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 240; Hook. Jung. t. 47; Eng. Bot. 771; Gr. Fl. Eds. 271; Berwick Flora, ii. 65; In East Common Wood near Hexham, and in Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N. In Cawsey, Ravensworth, Longacre, and Gibside Woods, also Near Darlington, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

42. J. furcata

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 241; Hook. Jung, t.55, 56; Eng. Bot. 1632; Gr. Fl. Eds. 271; Berwick Flora, ii. 66; On the trunks of trees in woods, frequent.

43. J. pubescens

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 241; Hook. Jung. t. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 66; On rocks in Cawsey Wood, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

48. MARCHANTIA

1. M. polymorpha

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 219; Eng. Bot. 110; Berwick Flora, ii. 67; Gr. Fl. Eds. 279; Dill. Musc. t. 76, f. 6, E. F; In moist, wet, and shady situations, frequent.

2. M. conica

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 221; Gr. Fl. Eds. 280; Eng. Bot. 504; Dill. Musc. t. 75, f. 1; On rocks, in woods, and damp places, not rare.

3. M. hemisphaerica

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 222; Gr. Fl. Eds. 279; Eng. Bot. 503 and t. 2545, excluding the two lower figures; Reboullia hemisphaerica Dill. Musc. t. 75, f. 2. On moist rocks, in sub-alpine situations, N. and D. By the Irthing at Wardrew, N.

49. ANTHOCEROS

1. A. punctatus

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 216; Berwick Flora, ii. 67; A. major Eng. Bot. ii. 1538; Dill. Musc. t. 68, f. 2. In watery places at Little Chesters, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

50. RICCIA

1. R. crystallina, α glauca

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 212; Berwick Flora, ii. 68; Eng. Bot. 2546; Gr. Fl. Eds. 280; R. minima Dill. Musc. t. 78, fl 10, 11. On the banks of fish ponds at Wallington, N.

2. R. nutans

Hook. and Tay. Musc. 214; Eng. Bot. 252; R. capellata Dill. Musc. t. 78, f. 18. At Hell-kettles Near Darlington, D Mr. E. Robson, Sp.

LICHENES

51. SPILOMA

1. S. tumidulum

Ach. Syn. 1; Eng. Bot. 2151; Gr. Fl. Scot. 324; Berwick Flora, ii. 101; Lichen impolitus Eng. Bot. 981; Sphaeria gregaria Sowerby, Fungi. 375, f. 5; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. 22. On the smooth bark of trees in Teesdale, also near Gainford, and in Cawsey Wood, D. In Oakwood, N.

2. S. microscopicum

Eng. Bot, 2396; Upon heaths, mosses, &c.

3. S. melanopum

Eng. Bot. 2358; Ach. Meth. 10, t. 1, f. 8; On the bark of apple trees.

4. S. murale

Eng. Bot. 2397; On old mortar, common.

5. S. dispersum

Eng. Bot. 2398; On old rails, frequent.

6. S. decolorans

Eng. Bot. 2399; On the bark of old oak trees.

7. S. punctatum

Eng. Bot. 2472; On the bark of old oak trees.

8. S. tuberculosum

Eng. Bot. 2556; On Sandstone rocks, N. and D. — Mr. Wm. Robertson.

52. ARTHONIA

1. A. moriformis

Ach. Syn. 5; On the bark of trees near Gainford, D. — Rev. John Harriman.

2. A. astroidea

Ach. Syn. 6; Opegrapha astroidea Eng. Bot. 1847; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 36; A. Swartziana Ach. Syn. 5; Eng. Bot. 2079; Berwick Flora, ii. 101; On the smooth bark of trees, not rare. With the variety β I am acquainted by specimens communicated by Dr. Swartz. To me it appears to be only A. astroidea in a young state.

3. A. obscura

Ach. Syn. 6; Lichen obscurus Eng. Bot. 1752; On the bark of trees, but not common.

4. A. lyncea

Ach. Syn. 7; Lichen lynceus Eng. Bot. 809; Lecidea lyncea Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 35; On old oaks in Newton-cap Wood near Auckland, also in the Bishop's park, D.

5. A. prunosa

Ach. Syn. 7; A. impolita Eng. Bot. 2692 f. 1; On trunks of trees in Teesdale, D.

53. SOLORINA

1. S. saccata

Ach. Syn. 8; Lichen saccatus Lightfoot, 885; Dill. Musc. t. 30, f. 121. 288; On earth upon Encrinal Limestone rocks near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D.

54. LECIDEA

1. L. atro-alba

Ach. Syn. 11; Berwick Flora, ii. 88; Lichen atro-albus Eng. Bot. t. 2336; Gr. Fl. Eds. 324; On Basaltic rocks near Eglestone, D. On Gunnerton Crags, N.

2. L. verruculosa

Lichen verrucidosus Eng. Bot. 2317; Upon fine-grained Sandstone on Muggleswick Fell, D.

3. L. fusco-atra

Ach. Syn. 12; Gr. Fl. Eds. 324; L. dendritica Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 33 and 112; Lichen dendriticus Eng. Bot. 1734; On fragments of Quartz in the Millstone grit in Weardale and Teesdale, D. On Shaftoe Crags, N., upon the same kind of rock. L. fusco-atraL. atro-albaLichen acrotellusEng. Bot. 1712;L. fimbriatesEng. Bot. 2438;

4. L. fumosa

Ach. Syn. 12; L. cechumena Ach. Meth. 42; L. anthroocarpa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 33; Lichen anthroocarpus Eng. Bot. 1829; L. cechumenus Eng. Bot. 1830; On Sandstone in Charnberry Gill near Eglestone, and on rocks in Horsley Hope Dene, D. On Basalt upon Cronkley Fell, also on the fell above Holwick, Teesdale; first discovered by the Rev. John Harriman. On Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

5. L. lapicida

Ach. Syn. 13; Lichen contiguus Eng. Bot. 821; Jn Cawsey Dene, and on Gateshead Fell; also on walls at Barnardcastle, D. On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, N.

6. L. petraea

Ach. Syn. 15; Gr. El. Eds. 324; Berwick Flora, ii. 87; Lichen concentiricus Eng. Bot. 246; On Sandstone rocks near Eglestone, and in the neighbourhood of Gainford, also in Cawsey Wood, D. On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, and in Heaton Dene, N.

7. L. confluens

Ach. Meth. 16; Berwick Flora, ii. 86; Eng. Bot. 1964; β L. pilularis. On Sandstone rocks in hilly situations.

8. L. parasema

Ach. Syn. 17; Gr. Fl. Eds. 325; Berwick Flora, ii. 87; Lichen parasemus Eng. Bot. 1450; On the bark of trees common.

9. L. sanguinaria

Ach. Syn. 19; Berwick Flora, ii. 86; Lichen sanguinarius Eng. Bot. 155; On stones upon Gateshead Fell, and on stones, decayed mosses, and old trees, in the neighbourhood of Eglestone, D. On Hedgehope and Cheviot, N. On Murton Crags, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. The circumstance on account of which the name sanquinaria is given, is a disease to which several Lichens are subject, and some that one would not certainly suspect; as, for instance, Lecidea muscorum and Parmelia quadricolor and it is not confined to the Apothecia only, the whole inside of the crust is frequently diseased and becomes crimson. — Harriman.

10. L. sabuletorum β geochroa

Ach. Syn. 20; Lichen muscorum Eng. Bot. 626; On decayed mosses at Fawdon Slate and near Hilton Castle, also in Teesdale Forest and Weardale, D. On Gunnerton Crags, Cheviot, and Hedgehope, N.

11. L. miscella

Ach. Syn. 21; Lichen mucellus Eng. Bot. 1831; L. escharoides Eng. Bot. 1257; On Basaltic rocks near Winch Bridge and Whey Syke, in Harewood, on Teesdale Forest, also in Horsley Hope Dene, D.

12. L. atro-virens, and α geographica

Ach. Syn. 21; Gr. Fl. Eds. 325; Berwick Flora, ii. 88; Lichen geographicus Eng. Bot. 245; On rocks and stones especially in the sub-alpine parts of Durham and Northumberland.

13. L. silacea

Ach. Syn. 22; Lichen silaceus Eng. Bot. 1118; On rocks and stones in sub-alpine situations. On the Teesdale Moors, D. On Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

14. L. Oederi

Ach. Syn. 22; Gr. Fl. Eds. 325; Berwick Flora, ii. 88; Lichen Oederi Eng. Bot. 1117; Lichen caesius Dick. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 19, t. 6, f. 6; L. Dicksoni Ach. Pred. 76. On rocks in the sub-alpine parts of Northumberland and Durham, particularly on Basalt and Porphyry.

15. L. alba

Ach. Syn. 24; Gr. Fl. Eds. 326; Lepraria alba Eng. Bot. 1349; Byssus lacteus Lightfoot, 1007; On rocks and trees in the sub-alpine parts of Durham and Northumberland.

16. L. citrinella

Ach. Syn. 25; β scabrosa Lichen citrinellus Eng. Bot. 1877; L. flavo-virescens Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 13, t. 8, f. 9. On earth upon the tops of walls near Eglestone, D. First discovered by the Rev. J. Harriman.

17. L. uliginosa

Ach. Syn. 25; Lichen uliginosus Eng. Bot. 1466; On the heathy part of Prestwick Carr, and on Cheviot, N. In boggy places near the Redheugh, and near Eglestone, D.

18. L. immersa

Ach. Syn. 27; Lichen immersus Eng. Bot. 193; L. calcivorus Ehrh. Cr. Ex. No. 244. On the Magnesian Limestone, Durham, and on the Encrinal Limestone, D. and N. Ehrhart's name calcivorus is very appropriate.

19. L. rivulosa

Ach. Syn. 28; Lichen rivulosus Eng. Bot. 1737; On Basaltic rocks in Horsley Hope Bourn, D. In Wooler Water at the foot of Cheviot, N.

20. L. albo-caerulescens

Ach. Syn. 29; Lichen pruinatus Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 15, t. 9, f. 4; L. pruinosus Eng. Bot. f. 2244; On stone walls near Gainford, D. By the West Turnpike Road a mile and half from Newcastle.

21. L. abictina

Ach. Syn. 30; Gr. Fl. Scot. 326; Lichen abietinus Eng. Bot. 1682; On old trees in Charnberry Gill near Eglestone, D. On fir trees beyond West Denton, N.

22. L. speirea

Ach. Syn. 31; Lichen speireus Eng. Bot. 1864; On the Magnesian Limestone upon Cleadon, Boldon, and Fulwell hills, D.

23. L. margaritacea

Ach. Syn. 31; L. conspurcata Berwick Flora, ii. 88; Lichen conspurcatus Eng. Bot. 964; Lond. Ency. No. 15,406. On the Magnesian Limestone, D. On Sandstone rocks at Hudshead, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

24. L. rimosa

Lichen rimosus Eng. Bot. 1736; Upon the Encrinal Limestone on the Teesdale Moors, and in Weardale and Allendale, D. and N.

25. L. epipolia

Ach. Syn. 32; Lichen epipolius Eng. Bot. 1137; L. niveo-ater Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 12, f. 3. On Cleadon, Boldon, and Fulwell hills,and on walls at Gainford, D. On the walls of Wycliffe Church.

26. L. corticola

Ach. Syn. 32; Lichen corticola Eng. Bot. 1892; On old trees at Gainford, and near Medomsley, D.

27. L. quernea

Ach. Syn. 36; Lichen querneus Eng. Bot. 485; On old trees about Newcastle, N. In Newton Cap Wood, near Bishop Auckland, D.

28. L. viridescens

Ach. Syn. 36; L. hypnophila Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 37; Lichen viridescens Eng. Bot. 2217; On Hypnum sericeum, in woods near Eglestone in Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

29. L. incana

Ach. Syn. 36; Gr. Fl. Eds. 326; Lichen incanus Eng. Bot. 1683; On the barks of trees and mosses, but never in fructification.

30. L. sulphurea

Ach. Syn. 37; Berwick Flora, ii, 88; Lichen sulphureus Eng. Bot. 1186; On rocks and stones frequently covering other Lichens. Probably not a good species.

31. L. orosthea

Ach. Syn. 37; Lichen orosthea Eng. Bot. 1549; Upon the bark of trees by the Derwent near Gibside, D.

32. L. decolorans

Ach. Syn. 37; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 39; Lichen escharoides Eng. Bot. 1247; L. quadricolor Eng. Bot. 1185; α In a wood at Eglestone. β upon the ground on Gateshead Fell, and on earth upon the tops of walls near Eglestone, also on peat bogs on the Teesdale Moors, on Muggleswick Fell, and near Medomsley, D. At Prestwick Carr, and on Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

33. L. anomala

Ach. Syn. 38; Lichen ferruginosus Turner, Linn. Tr. v. 7; L. tricolor With., 5th ed, iv. 20; β cyrtella Lichen cyrtellus Eng. Bot. 2155; On the bark of trees near Gainford, D.

34. L. calva

Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 39; Lichen calvus Eng. Bot. 948; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 18, t. 6, f. 4; L. rupestris Ach. Syn. 39; On the Magnesian Limestone on Cleadon and Boldon Hills, on the Encrinal Limestone near Middleton-in-Teesdale, and near the New Bridge below Barnardcastle, D.

35. L. rupestris

Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 39; Lichen rupestris Eng. Bot. 2245; On Sandstone walls behind Beamish Hall and in the neighbourhood of Gainford, D. This species differs from L. calva by its crust being cracked and green within, whereas that of L. calva is contiguous and white within.

36. L. luteola

Ach. Syn. 41; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 39; Berwick Flora, ii. 89; Lichen vernalis Eng. Bot. 845; L. porriginosus Turner, Linn. Tr. vii. 94, t. 8, f. 4; L. vernalis Ach. Syn. 36; On trees near Hexham, N. On trees and moss near Eglestone and Gainford, D. By no means rare in the north.

37. L. carncola

Ach. Syn. 42; Lichen corneus Eng. Bot. 965; On old oaks in a wood near Eglestone, D. First found by the Rev. J. Harriman.

38. L. Griffithii

L. carncola Ach. Syn. 42; β, Lichen Griffithii Eng. Bot. 1735; L. tricolor Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 36; On the bark of old oaks in Newton Cap Wood, near Bishop Auckland, and in the Bishop's Park, also near Gainford, D. Found by the Rev. J. Harriman.

39. L. fusco-lutea

Ach. Syn. 42; Lichen fusco-luteus Eng. Bot. 1007; Upon Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

40. L. anthracina

Ach. Syn. 43; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 39; Berwick Flora, ii. 89; Lichen byssinus Eng. Bot. 432; On rocks at Hudshead, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Probably not distinct from Lecanora crenulata.

41. L. ferruginea

Lichen ferrugineus Eng. Bot. 1650; Hudson, 526; L. caesio-rufa Ach. Syn. 44; Gr. Fl. Eds. 237; Berwick Flora, ii. 89; L. crenulata Ach. Meth. 71. On trees and walls near Lanchester, also near Eglestone, D. On Roadley Crags, N. On Hudshead near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. I see no reason for altering the very appropriate specific name given by Hudson to this Lichen.

42. L. icmadophila

Ach. Syn. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 327; Lichen ericetorum Eng. Bot. 372; On Peat bogs, frequent.

43. L. marmorca

Ach. Syn. 46; Gr. Fl. Eds. 327; Lichen marmorens Eng. Bot. 739; L. cupularis Ach. Meth. 56. On the Magnesian Limestone at Fawdon Slate, and on the Encrinal Limestone in Bolyhope Bourn, also near Middleton in-Teesdale, on mosses and Limestone rocks in Harewood, and near Wycliffe in the bed of the Tees, D.

44. L. alabastrina, β sphaeroides

Ach. Syn. 46; Lichen sphaeroides Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. 9. t. 2, f. 2. In Bradley Wood near Medomsley, D. Only a variety of Lichen vernalisEng. Bot. 845;

45. L. rosella

L. alabastrina Ach. Syn. 46; γ, Lichen rosellus Eng. Bot. 1651; On the bark of trees near Eglestone, D.

46. L. argena

Ach. Syn. 47; Lichen argenus Eng. Bot. 1923; On the bark of trees in Cawsey Wood, D.

47. L. Ehrhartiana

Ach. Syn. 47; Lichen Ehrhartianus Eng. Bot. 1136; β polytropa L. polytropus Eng. Bot. 1264; α and β on Sandstone walls near Newcastle, N. On rocks and walls on Gateshead Fell, also in Teesdale and Weardale, D.

48. L. luteo-alba

Ach. Syn. 49; Lichen luteo-albus Eng. Bot. 1426; On the bark of trees in West Crow Wood near Wolsingham, and near Gainford, D.

49. L. vesicularis

Ach. Syn. 51; Lichen coeruleo-nigricans Eng. Bot. 1139; Lightfoot, 805; On Limestone rocks at Fawdon Slate and Boldon, also upon earth on Limestone in Weardale and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On Cleadon and Fulwell hills, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

50. L. lurida

Ach. Syn. 51; Lichen luridus Eng. Bot. 1329; On earth upon a rock called the Marble Stone near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D.

51. L. atro-rufa

Ach. Syn. 51; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 41; Lichen atro-rufus Eng. Bot. 1102; Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iv. 22 t. 12, f. 4; On earth upon wall tops in Teesdale Forest, D. Also in Lunedale. — Rev. J. Harriman.

52. L. pholidiota

Ach. Syn. 53; Lichen globulosus Eng. Bot. 1955; Abundant on Sandstone rocks at Lanchester, and walls at Knitsley, D., Nov. 1804.

53. L. canescens

Ach. Syn. 54; Lichen canescens Eng. Bot. 582; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. 10, t. 2, f. 5. On walls and trees near Gainford and Houghton-le-Spring, D. Near Hexham and Brinkburn Priory, N.

54. L. aeruginosa

Eng. Bot. 2682; On old rails and gate posts, not rare.

55. CALICIUM

1. C. stigonellum

Ach. Syn. 56; C. sessile Eng. Bot. 2520; Lichen gelasinatus With., 5th ed., iv. t. 31, f. 1. On the bark of trees near Gainford, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In Oakwood and Dilston Park, N.

2. C. claviculare

Ach. Syn. 57; Lichen clavellus Eng. Bot. 1465; β subtile Oak wood. α On trees in and near Hexham, N. Near Eglestone, D. β in Cawsey Wood, D.

3. C. sphoerocephalum

Ach. Syn. 57; Lichen sphoerocephalus Eng. Bot. 414; On trees near Hexham, N. On trees and old wood near Eglestone, D.

4. C. hyperellum, β roscidium

Ach. Syn. 59; Lichen graniformis Eng. Bot. 1464; On trees in Cawsey Wood, D. In Oak wood and Felton Woods, N.

5. C. cantharellum

Ach. Syn. 61; Eng. Bot. 2557; C. peronellum Ach. Meth. 96. In East Common Wood near Hexham, and in Felton Wood, N. On decayed wood near Eglestone, D.

6. C. capitellatum

Ach. Syn. 61; Lichen capitatus Eng. Bot. 1539; On banks at Cow-close near Ravensworth, and in Long-acre Wood, D. In Felton Wood, N. Near the roots of trees on the south bank of the Wansbeck at Wallington, N.— Miss Emma Trevelyan, Sp.

56. GYROPHORA

1. G. glabra

Ach. Syn. 63; β polyphylla Lichen polyphyllus Eng. Bot. 1272; On Cheviot and Hedgehope, also on Shaftoe and Roadley Crags near Wallington, N. On rocks and stones above Blanchland, and near Hunt Hall, Teesdale, N. and D.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the neighbourhood of Eglestone, and on walls at Healy Field and Conset Park. In fructification on rocks at the foot of Hunsterley Peak, between Waskerley Park and Hishope, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill.

2. G. proboscidea

Ach. Syn. 64; Berwick Flora, ii. 99; Lichen proboscideus Eng. Bot. 522 and 2484; G. cylindrica Ach. Syn. 65; Berwick Flora, ii. 99; Lichen deustus Lightfoot, 861; On Shaftoe Crags near Wallington, and on Cheviot and Hedgehope, N. On walls and rocks in Teesdale near the High Force,in Harewood, particularly between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, D; also on Cronkley Fell. Acharius has separated G. proboscidea from G. cylindrica but they are the same plant in different stages of growth.

3. G. crosa

Ach. Syn. 65; Eng. Bot. 2066; Lichen torrifactus Lightfoot, 862; On rocks at Hunsterley Peak, north-west of Waskerley Park, also near Eglestone, particularly about Blackburn, D. On Cronkley Fell, Teesdale. On Cheviot and Hedgehope, N.

4. G. deusta

Ach. Syn. 66; Eng. Bot. 2483; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 42; Gr. Fl. Eds. 328; On rocks of the Millstone Grit at Roadley near Wallington, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

5. G. pustulata

Ach. Syn. 66; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 42; Lichen pustulatus Eng. Bot. 1283; On the Millstone Grit at Shaftoe Crags near Wallington, N. First noticed there by Miss Emma Trevelyan.

6. G. pellita

Ach. Syn. 67; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 42; Lichen pellitus Eng. Bot. 931; L. polyrrhizus Lightfoot, 864; On Shaftoe Crags, Hedgehope and Cheviot, also on Hexham Fell, N. On Muggleswick Fell, D. On Cronkley Fell, Teesdale.

57. OPEGRAPHA

1. O. Persoonii

Ach. Syn. 71; Eng. Bot. 2345; Berwick Flora, ii. 99; Upon sandstone rocks on the coast of Northumberland. Upon Hudshead, and on Sandstone dykes near Berwick, abundant. N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. O. tesserata

Eng. Bot. t. 2632 f. 3; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 313; O. petraea Ach. Syn. 72; On rocks above Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. Sent to Acharius by the Rev. J. Harriman.

3. O. calcaria

Ach. Syn. 72; Eng. Bot. 1790; On the Magnesian Limestone Rocks near Whitburn, Sunderland, and Castle Eden, D. On the walls and mortar of Wycliffe Church. Probably only a variety of O. Persoonii.

4. O. macularis

Ach. Syn. 72; Berwick Flora, ii. 100; O. opiphoga Eng. Bot. 2282; Lichen rugosus Linn. Sp. Pl. 1607; Lightfoot, 802; Sibthorp, 317. On the bark of trees, common.

5. O. herpetica

Ach. Syn. 72; Eng. Bot. 1789; On trees in woods near Newcastle.

6. O. vulgata

Ach. Syn. 73; Eng. Bot. 1811; On trees, frequent. N. and D.

7. O. epipasta

Ach. Syn. 74; Eng. Bot. 1828; On the smooth bark of trees near Newcastle.

8. O. microscopica

Eng. Bot. 1911; O. epipasta Ach. Syn. 75; On the bark of trees near Newcastle.

9. O. stenocarpa β denigrata

Ach. Syn. 75; O. denigrata Eng. Bot. 1753; O. atra Berwick Flora, ii. 100; On the bark of the Ash, the Hazel, &c, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. O. notha

Ach. Syn. 76; Eng. Bot. 1890; Berwick Flora, ii. 100; On trees in Teesdale, and in Cawsey Wood, D. Near Hexham and Corbridge, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. O. diaphora

Eng. Bot. 2280; On trees in Weardale and Teesdale, also in Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, D. Probably not distinct from the preceding species.

12. O. rubella

Eng. Bot. 2347; O. herpetica β disparata Ach. Syn. 73; On trees near Eglestone, D.

13. O. cerasi

Eng. Bot. 2301; On the bark of Cherry and Plumb Trees.

14. O. cerebrina

Eng. Bot. t. 2632 f. 1; Lecidea plocina Ach. Syn. 16; On Encrinal Limestone rocks in Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

58. GRAPHIS

1. G. scripta

Ach. Syn. 81; Opegrapha scripta Eng. Bot. 1813; Berwick Flora, ii. 100; Lichen scriptus Linn. Sp. Pl. 1606; Lightfoot, 800; On trees in Weardale and Teesdale, D. Near Newcastle and Hexham, N.

2. G. pulverulenta

G. scripta Ach. Syn. 82; β, Opegrapha pulverulenta Eng. Bot.1754. On trees in Weardale and Teesdale, D. Near Newcastle and Hexham, N.

3. G. betuligna

Ach. Syn. 83; Opegrapha betuligua Eng. Bot. 2281; On the bark of Birch Trees, common.

4. G. serpentaria

Ach. Syn. 83; Eng. Bot. 1755; On the bark of trees near Eglestone, also in Cawsey and Ravensworth woods, D. In woods near Newcastle, N.

59. VERRUCARIA

1. V. punctiformis

Ach. Syn. 87; Lichen punctiformis Eng. Bot. 2412; On the smooth bark of trees, not rare.

2. V. analepia

Ach. Syn. 88; Lichen analeptus Eng. Bot. 1848; On the smooth bark of trees in Teesdale, D. In woods near Newcastle, N.

3. V. carpinea

Ach. Syn. 88; V. olivacea Eng. Bot. t. 2597 f 1; On the smooth bark of the Ash, Thorn, &c. Probably only a variety of V. epidermidis.

4. V. epidermidis

Ach. Syn. 89; Berwick Flora, ii. 102; Gr. Fl. Eds. 353; On the bark of the birch, common.

5. V. stigmatella

Ach. Syn. 89; atomaria Lichen stigmatellus Eng. Bot. 1891; On the smooth bark of trees, N. and D.

6. V. gemmata

Ach. Syn. 90; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 45; Eng. Bot. t. 2617 f. 2; On the bark of trees, in woods on the Derwent, D. and N.

7. V. Schraderi

Ach. Syn. 93; Lichen Schraderi Eng. Bot. 1711; On the Magnesian Limestone, on Cleadon and Boldon Hills, also near Castle Eden, D. On the Encrinal Limestone near Middleton-in-Teesdale, and between Widdy bank and Cauldron Snout, D.

8. V. Harrimanni

Ach. Syn. 93; Lichen Harrimanni Eng. Bot. t. 2539; On Limestone rocks in Teesdale, D.

9. V. Laevata

Ach. Syn. 94; Eng. Bot. t. 2623 f. 2; On rocks and stones in the Tees near Middleton, and in the Derwent near Blanchland, D. and N.

10. V. epipolaea

Ach. Syn. 95; Eng. Bot. 2647 f. 3; On rocks near Eglestone and Middleton, D.— Rev. J. Harriman. On Limestone in Castle Eden Dene, D.

11. V. maura

Ach. Syn. 95; Lichen maurus Eng. Bot. 2546; On Magnesian Limestone rocks at Boldon, Cleadon, and Castle Eden Dene. On the Encrinal Limestone in Teesdale, D. On Basaltic rocks at Bamborough, Dunstanborough, and Holy Island, N.

12. V. striatula, β aerotella

Ach. Syn. 95; Lichen acrotellus Eng. Bot. 1712; On the Millstone Grit in Teesdale and Weardale, D.

13. V. muralis

Ach. Syn. 95; Eng. Bot. 2647 f. 2; Sphaeria communis Sowerby, Fungi, t. 295, upper figure. On Magnesian Limestone rocks at. Cleadon, Boldon, and Castle Eden Dene, and on Gainford Church, D. On the mortar of walls in Heaton Dene, and near Jesmond, N.

14. V. spongiosa

Ach. Syn. 96; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 45; On earth upon wall tops near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D; also near RomaldkirkRev. J. Harriman. Perhaps this is nothing but Byssus velutina in old age, — Harriman.

15. V. epigea

Ach. Syn. 96; Berwick Flora, ii. 102; Lichen terrestris Eng. Bot. 1681; Sphoeria epigea Persoon, Syn. Appx. xxvii. Upon hedge banks and earth, upon the tops of stone fences, N. and D.

16. V. concinna

Eng. Bot. t. 2623 f. 1; On the Encrinal Limestone near Middleton and Eglestone, D.

60. ENDOCARPON

1. E. smaragdulum

Ach. Syn. 98; Lichen Smaragdulus Eng. Bot. 1512; On walls near Eglestone, Butsfield, and the Woodlands, D.

2. E. tephroides, β polythecium

Ach. Syn. 98; Lichen fuscellus Eng. Bot. 1500; Turner, Linn. Tr. 7, 90, t. 8, f. 2; On rocks and stories about Gainford and Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. E. Hedwigii

Ach. Syn. 99; Lichen trapeziformis Eng. Bot. 595; On earth in the neighbourhood of Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

4. E. miniatum

Ach. Syn. 101; E. complicatum Lichen miniatus Eng. Bot. 593 and f. 2; Lightfoot, 857; On rocks of Magnesian Limestone at the Gunners Pool in Castle Eden Dene, and on the Encrinal Limestone near Stanhope-in-Weardale, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Eglestone, and Rokeby, D.

5. E. euplocum

Ach. Syn. 102; E. miniatum β pusillum Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 462; Verrucaria euploca Eng. Bot. t. 2602 f. 2; On Sandstone rocks by the Tyne west of Newcastle, N.— Mr. W. Robertson.

6. E. Weberi

Ach. Syn. 102; Berwick Flora, ii. 103; Lichen aquaticus Eng. Bot. 594; On rocks in the Tees below Wycliffe, D. On stones in a bourn on the north side of the Derwent opposite Gibside, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. In a rivulet in Holwick. — Rev. J. Harriman. On rocks at Cauldron Snout, U. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the Loughs near the Roman Station at Shewing Shields, in Wooler Water, and in the Irthing at Gilsland, N.

61. PORINA

62. P. pertusa

Ach. Syn. 109; Berwick Flora, ii. 102; Lichen pertusus Eng. Bot. 677; Lightfoot, 802; On the bark of trees, common.

2. P. fallax, β hymenia

Ach. Syn. 110; Lichen hymenins Eng. Bot. 1731; On trees near Eglestone, also on the banks of the Derwent near Gibside, and in Horsleyhope Bourn, D. In East Common Wood, and Felton Wood on the Coquet, N.

62. THELOTREMA

1. T. lepadinum

Ach. Syn. 115; Lichen inclusus Eng. Bot. 678; On the bark of trees near Eglestone, and in Gibside, Ravensworth, and Cawsey Woods. On Sandstone rocks at Eglestone, D Rev. J. Harriman. On trees in Bearl Wood, East Common Wood, and Felton Woods, N.

2. T. exanthematicum

Ach. Syn. 116; Lichen exanthematicus Sm. Tr. Linn. Soc. i. 81, t. 4. f. 1; Eng. Bot. 1184; L. volvatus Villar's Delph. t. 55; Verrucaria clausa Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 177; On Encrinal Limestone rocks near Mr. Morritt's Bridge at Rokeby, and below the New Bridge at Barnardcastle, D. First found by the Rev. John Harriman. This Lichen, though widely dispersed over Europe, is rare in England, nor does it appear to have been found in Scotland by any Botanist but the late Mr. Dickson. In his Fasc. iii. 14, he gives no precise locality, but merely says "In rupibus Calcareis Scoticis," with us it is confined to the Encrinal Limestone, which it has the property of excavating in the same way as Lecidea immersa and some other Lichens that grow on chalk and limestone. Its structure is so peculiar that it might constitute a genus.

63. PYRENULA

1. P. umbonata

Ach. Syn. 121; Verrucaria thelostoma Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 44; Lichen thelostomus Eng. Bot. 2153; On Basaltic rocks near Eglestone, D.— Rev. J. Harriman.

2. P. nitida

Ach. Syn. 125; Verrucaria nitida Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 45; Eng. Bot. t. 2607 f. 1; Sphoeria nitida Sowerby, Fungi, t. 275; On the bark of trees near Eglestone, and in Horsleyhope Dene, D. In East Common and Oak Wood, N.

3. P. tessellata

Ach. Syn. 126; Lichen tesselalus Eng. Bot. 533; On stones near Gainford, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

4. P. nigrescens

Ach. Syn. 126; Verrucaria umbrina Eng. Bot. 1499; On stones near Gainford, D. On rocks and old walls near Newcastle, &c, N. and D.

5. P. leucocephala

Ach. Syn. 126; Verrucaria leucocephala Eng. Bot. t. 2642 f. 2; Sphoeria lichenoides Sowerby, Fungi, t. 373, f. 12. On the bark of old trees in woods, N. and D.

64. VARIOLARIA

1. V. velata

Ach. Syn. 129; Lichen velatus Eng. Bot. 2062; On the bark of trees in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. In East Common Wood and Felton Woods, N.

2. V. multipunctata

Ach. Syn. 129; Lichen multipunctatus Eng. Bot. 2061; On the bark of trees in Teesdale, also in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. In Felton Woods and Dilston Park, N.

3. V. aspergilla

Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 30; Eng. Bot. 2401; V. communis g. Ach. Syn. 131; On the bark of trees in Conset Park, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, in Felton Woods, and at the foot of Cheviot, N.

4. V. globulifera

Ach. Syn. 130; Lichen globuliferus Eng. Bot. 2008; Turner, in Linn. Tr. ix. 139, t. 10, f. 2. On trees and rocks, N. and D. Probably not a good species.

5. V. amara

Ach. Syn. 131; Berwick Flora, ii. 101; Lichen fagineus Eng. Bot. 1713; On the bark of trees, common.

6. V. lactea

Ach. Meth. 132; Eng. Bot. 2410; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 46; On Basaltic rocks near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On the Crags near Shewing Shields, and at the foot of Cheviot, N.

7. V. grisco-virens

Eng. Bot. 2400; On the bark of the Cherry, Birch, &c.

65. URCEOLARIA

1. U. Acharii

Ach. Syn. 137; Lichen Acharii Eng. Bot. 1087; β cyrtapsis On stones in Bolt's Hope Bourn, also in the Derwent, in the Tees and rivulets in Teesdale, D. In Horsleyhope Bourn, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill. On rocks in the Coquet at Rothbury, and in Wooler Water, N.

2. U. gibbosa

Ach. Syn. 139; U. fimbriata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 48; Lichen fibrosus Eng. Bot. 1732; On Quartz pebbles, in the Millstone Grit near Eglestone, and on the Weardale Moors, D. On Shaftoe Crags near Wallington, and at Roadley, N.

3. U. cinerea

Ach. Syn. 140; Lichen cinerens Eng. Bot. 1751; On stones near Eglestone, and on Limestone rocks near Boldon and Cleadon, D.

4. U. scruposa

Ach. Syn. 142; Lichen scruposus Eng. Bot. 266; Upon earth on the tops of stone walls near Eglestone, and on rocks in Harewood Forest, between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, D,

5. U. calcarea

Ach. Syn. 143; U. Hoffmanni Lichen Hoffmanni Eng. Bot. 1940; On the Magnesian Limestone near Boldon, Whitburn, and Castle Eden, and on the Encrinal Limestone in Teesdale and Weardale, D.

6. U. epulotica

Ach. in Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 48; On Limestone rocks near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In Boltshope Bourn, D. A doubtful species.

66. LECANORA

1. L. atra

Ach. Syn. 146; Berwick Flora, ii. 83; Lichen ater Eng. Bot. 949; Lightfoot, 813; On rocks, stones, and the bark of trees, frequent.

2. L. coarctata

Ach. Syn. 149; Lichen coarctatus Eng. Bot. 534; Parmelia elacista Ach. Meth. 159, t. 4, f. 4. On Sandstone upon Gateshead Fell, and about Eglestone and Gainford, D. In Heaton Dene, and near Gosforth, N.

3. L. periclea

Ach. Syn. 150; Lichen pinicola Eng. Bot. 1851; L. pericleus Eng. Bot. 1850; On fir trees near Gainford, and in Newton-cap Wood near Bishop Auckland, also near Ryton, D. In Fenham Woods, N.

4. L. exigua

Lichen exiguus Eng. Bot. 1849; On tiles on the roofs of houses in and about Gainford, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

5. L. privigna

L. milvina Ach. Syn. 151; ; Lecidea privigna Ach. Syn. 49; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 34; Lichen simplex Eng. Bot. t. 2152, the upper figure; On Sandstone rocks and walls near Gainford, and on Gateshead Fell, D. In Heaton Dene, and near Jesmond, N. By no means rare in the north.

6. L. milvina

Ach. Syn. 151; Eng. Bot. t. 2662 f. 1; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 410; Fl. Suec. 805; On Sandstone rocks in Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

7. L. sophodes

Ach. Syn. 153; Lichen sophodes Eng. Bot. 1791; On trees in Newton-cap Wood near Bishop Auckland, D. In Felton Woods, N.

8. L. badia

Ach. Syn. 154; Lichen piceus Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. t. 12, f. 5; Lecidea picea Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 34; On Basalt near Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

9. L. aipospola

Ach. Syn. 155; Eng. Bot. t. 2662 f. 2; Lichen aipospolus Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 409 t. 27, f. 2; Fl. Suec. 805; On Basaltic rocks at Holy Island, N. At Bamborough, and on the Staples, N. — Mr. W. Robertson.

10. L. spodophoea

Ach. Syn. 155; Eng. Bot. 2662 f. 3; Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 409; Fl. Sue. 805; On Basaltic rocks at Holy Island, N. At Bamborough,and on the Staples, N. — Mr. W. Robertson. To me this appears to be a variety of the preceding species.

11. L. subfusca

Ach. Syn. 157; Berwick Flora, ii. 83; Lichen subfuscus Eng. Bot. 2109; On rocks and the bark of trees, common.

12. L. punctata

Lichen punctatus Eng. Bot. 450; Parmelia ostracoderma Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 49; On Limestone rocks near Eglestone, and on Sandstone rocks upon Gateshead Fell, D. In Heaton Dene, N.

13. L. ventosa

Ach. Syn. 159; Berwick Flora, ii. 84; Lichen ventosus Eng. Bot. 906; On Basaltic rocks in Teesdale Forest, also in Weardale, D. In Allendale, and on the west side of the Roman Station at Shewing-shields, also on Cheviot, and Hedgehope, N.

14. L. chloroleuca

Ach. Syn. 160; Lichen chloroleucus Eng. Bot. 1373; Parmelia chloroleuca Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 52; On moss upon the Magnesian Limestone on Fulwell hills, also on the Encrinal Limestone near Middleton-in-Teesdale, and between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, D.

15. L. varia

Ach. Syn. 161; Eng. Bot. 1666; On old gate posts, rails, &c. common.

16. L. rubricosa

Ach. Syn. 162; Lichen caesio-rufus Eng. Bot. 1040; Parmelia craspedia Ach. Meth. 172; Lecidea cinereo-fusca Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 39; On walls near Wycliffe. — Rev. J. Harriman.

17. L. glaucoma

Ach. Syn. 165; Lichen Glaucoma Eng. Bot. 2156; On rocks and stones in sub-alpine situations.

18. L. diacapsis

Lichen diacapsis Eng. Bot. 1954; Parmelia diacapsis Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 51; On stones between Barnardcastle and Early Banks, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

19. L. angulosa

Ach. Syn. 166; Parmelia angulosa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 51; On the bark of trees in Teesdale, D.

20. L. Hageni

Ach. Syn. 167; Parmelia Hageni Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 51; On the bark of trees in Teesdale, D.

21. L. parella

Ach. Syn. 169; Berwick Flora, ii. 84; Lichen parellus Eng. Bot. 727; On rocks, stones, and the bark of trees in sub-alpine situations, not rare, N. and D. On the Fern Islands, N.

22. L. tartarea

Ach. Syn. 172; Berwick Flora, ii. 84; Lichen tartareus Eng. Bot. 156; Lichen Turneri Eng. Bot. 857; L. frigidus Eng. Bot. 1879; On rocks and the branches of trees in subalpine situations, N. and D.

23. L. cerina

Ach. Syn. 173; Lichen cerinus Eng. Bot. 627; β stillicidiorum Ach. On trees in woods on the Derwent, and near Healeyfield, also about Gainford, D. β on the thatched roof of a house at Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

24. L. vitellina

Ach. Syn. 174; L. citrina Berwick Flora, ii. 85; Lichen vitellinus Eng. Bot. 1792; On old gate posts, pales, &c., not rare.

25. L. salicina

Ach. Syn. 175; Lichen salicinus Eng. Bot. 1305; On trees at Cocken, and in Castle Eden and Dalton Denes, also by the Derwent near Gibside and Hamsterley, and in Teesdale, D. Near Hexham and Chollerford, N. On walls near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. L. rubra

Ach. Syn. 177; Lichen ulmi Eng. Bot. 2218; Near Greta Bridge. — Mr. Borrer in Eng. Bot.

27. L. Haematomma

Ach. Syn. 178; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 49; L. Stonei Ach. Syn. 172; Lichen Haematomma Eng. Bot. 486; L. coccineus Eng. Bot. 223; On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, also on rocks near Heddon-on-the-Wall, and at Harlow Hill, N. On the walls of Muggleswick Park, and on Basaltic rocks and old trees near the High Force, and at Winch Bridge in Teesdale, also on walls near Eglestone, D.

28. L. epigea

Ach. Syn. 179; Lichen candicans Eng. Bot. 1778; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 15, t. 9, f. 5. On Limestone rocks on Boldon and Cleadon Hills, D. On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, N.

29. L. saxicola

Ach. Syn. 180; Lichen saxicola Eng. Bot. 1695; On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, and on rocks near Warden Mill, also on rocks at Carham and Wark by the Tweed, N. On walls and stones near Urpeth, at Cawsey Hall, also near Eglestone and Gainford, D.

30. L. murorum

Ach. Syn. 181; Berwick Flora, ii. 85; Lichen murorum Eng. Bot. 2157; On old walls near Gainford, D. On the Limestone rocks on the coast of Durham, and on Basaltic and Sandstone rocks on the coast of Northumberland, abundant.

31. L. miniata

Ach. Syn. 182; Parmelia miniata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 54; On Gainford church, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

32. L. elegans

Ach. Syn. 182; Lichen elegans Eng. Bot. 2181; On calcareous stones in Teesdale Forest, and on rocks near Whitburn and Sunderland, D., rare.

33. L. circinata

Ach. Syn. 184; Lichen circinatus Eng. Bot. 1941; On Encrinal Limestone rocks near the New Bridge below Barnardcastle, D.

34. L. gelida

Ach. Syn. 186; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 50; Lichen Heclae Fl. Dan. t. 270, f. 2; L. gelidus Eng. Bot. 699; In fructification on Basaltic rocks at Winch Bridge and the Cauldron Snout, also in Charnberry near Eglestone, and in Teesdale Forest, D. In Holwick, and on Cronkley Fell, Teesdale. — Rev. J. Harriman.

35. L. crenulata

Lecidea crenulata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 40; Lichen crenulatus Dick, Crypt. Fasc. iii. 14, t. 9, f. 1; Eng. Bot. 930; L. galactina β dispersa Ach. Syn. 187; On the Magnesian Limestone rocks at Castle Eden, Fulwell, Boldon, and Cleadon, also on the Encrinal Limestone, by Middleton Beck, and near Barnardcastle, D. On Limestone by the Tweed at Carham and Wark, N.

36. L. anthracina

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 39; Berwick Flora, ii. 89; Lichen byssinus Eng. Bot. t. 432; On Red Sandstone rocks at Hudshead, south of Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Probably only a variety of the preceding species.

35. L. squamulosa

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 50; Lichen squamulosus Eng. Bot. 2011; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iv. 22, t. 12, f. 5; Parmelia squamulosa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 53; L. cervina Ach. Syn. 188; On Sandstone rocks upon Muggleswick Fell, and on Basalt near Eglestone, D.

36. L. crassa

Ach. Syn. 190; Lichen cartilaginus Lightfoot, 815; L. crassus Eng. Bot. 1893; On a rock called the Marble Stone near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D.

37. L. virella

Ach. Syn. 191; Lichen virellus Eng. Bot. 1696; On stone walls near Gainford and Saltwellside, and in the west of the county of Durham, common. Near Ovingham and Hexham, N.

38. L. candelaria

Ach. Syn. 192; Lichen candelarius Eng. Bot. 1794; L. concolor Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 18, t. 9, f. 8. On trees and stones, frequent.

39. L. hypnorum

Ach. Syn. 193; L. lepidora Lich. Univ. 418; Lichen hypnorum Eng. Bot. 740; On earth and moss upon stones in Hag Crag Wood, and about Eglestone and Middleton, also in Teesdale Forest, D. On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, and at Shewing Shields, also on Cheviot, N.

40. L. carnosa

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 51; Lichen carnosus Eng. Bot. 1684; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 21, t. 6, f. 7; L. muscorum Ach. Syn. 193; Lecidea carnosa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 41; On stones in Hag Crag Wood in Teesdale Forest, D.

41. L. microphylla

Lecidea microphylla Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 41; Lichen microphyllus Eng. Bot. 2128; On stones near Eglestone, D., but extremely scarce. — Rev. J. Harriman.

42. L. brunnea

Ach. Syn. 193; Lichen brunneus Eng. Bot. 1246; L. pezizoides Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. 10, t. 11, f. 4. On the south bank of the Derwent above Blanchland, N. In Howns Wood near Lanchester, and in Teesdale Forest, D.

67. PARMELIA

1. P. glomulifera

Ach. Syn. 195; Lichen glomuliferus Lightfoot, 853; Eng. Bot. 293; On the bark of old trees in Hishope and Horsleyhope Denes, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N. In the neighbourhood of Romaldkirk. — Rev. J. Harriman.

2. P. caperata

Ach. Syn. 196; Lichen caperatus Eng. Bot. 654; On rocks near Heddon-on-the-Wall, and at West Dipton near Hexham, N. In the vicinity of Romaldkirk. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. P. scortea

Ach. Syn. 197; Lichen scorteus Eng. Bot. 2065; On trees, and the thatched roof of the house at Foggerforth near Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

4. P. herbacea

Ach. Syn. 198; Lichen herbaceus Hudson, 544; L. laete-virens Eng. Bot. 294; On trees in Horsleyhope and Hishope Denes, also on stones and trees in Shipley Wood near Eglestone, D. In Irehope Dene, Weardale, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In woods near Healy Field, D.— Mr. R. Waugh and Mr. J. Thornhill.

5. P. olivacea

Ach. Syn. 200; Berwick Flora, ii. 79; Lichen olivaceus Eng. Bot. 2180; On the bark of trees, common.

6. P. parietma

Ach. Syn. 200; Berwick Flora, ii. 80; Lichen parietinus Eng. Bot. 194; On trees, walls, and stones, common.

7. P. plumbea

Ach. Syn. 202; Lichen plumbeus Eng. Bot. 353; Lightfoot, 826, t. 26. On trees near Healy-field, and Middleton-in-Teesdale, also on trees and stones in woods near Eglestone, D.

8. P. rubiginosa

Ach. Syn. 202; P. affinis Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 56; Lichen affinis Eng. Bot. 983; On trees in Charnberry and Eglestone Woods, D.

9. P. omphalodes

Ach. Syn. 203; Berwick Flora, ii. 82; Lichen omphalodes Eng. Bot. 604; On rocks and stones upon moors, in sub-alpine situations, D. and N.

10. P. saxitilis

Ach. Syn. 203; Berwick Flora, ii. 81; Lichen saxatilis Eng. Bot. 603; On rocks, stones, and trees, in sub-alpine situations.

11. P. fahlunensis

Ach. Syn. 204; Lichen fahlunensis Eng. Bot. 653; On stones and rocks upon the moors in Teesdale and Weardale, also near Butsfield and Horsleyhope, D. On Cheviot, N.

12. P. stygia

Ach. Syn. 204; Lichen stygeus Eng. Bot. 2048; Upon stones on moors near Butsfield, D.

13. P. aquila

Ach. Syn. 205; Berwick Flora, ii. 80; Lichen aquilus Eng. Bot. 982; L. pullus Lightfoot, 825; On Basaltic rocks at the Heugh on Holy Island, and on the Fern Islands, N. On Sandstone rocks at Hartley Bates, N. — Mr. J. Thornhill. On rocks at Hudshead, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

14. P. recurva

Ach. Syn. 206; Lichen incurvus Eng. Bot. 1375; L. multifidus Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 16, t. 9, f. 7. On Sandstone rocks, on Beamish Moor, and Eglestone Fell, D. Upon Porphyry on Hedgehope and Cheviot, N.

15. P. conspersa

Ach. Syn. 209; Benwick Flora, ii. 82; Lichen conspersus Eng. Bot. 2097; On rocks and stone walls near Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On the banks of North Tyne near Warden Mill, D.

16. P. pulverulenta

Ach. Syn. 214; Berwick Flora, ii. 81; Lichen pulverulentus Eng. Bot. 2063; On the bark of trees, not rare.

17. P. stellaris

Ach. Syn. 216; Berwick Flora, ii. 81; Lichen stellaris Eng. Bot. 1697; On trees in Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, D. At West Dipton near Hexham, and in Oak Wood near Wylam, N.

18. P. caesia

Ach. Syn. 216; Lichen caesius Eng. Bot. 1052; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 17. On tiles upon the roofs of houses in and about Gainford, and upon rocks at Fawdon Slate, D. On the Crags at West Dipton near Hexham, N.

19. P. cycloselis

Ach. Syn. 216; Lichen cycloselis Eng. Bot. 1942; Upon the branches of old Apple trees, N. and D.

20. P. physodes

Ach. Syn. 218; Berwick Flora, ii. 82; Lichen physodes Eng. Bot. 126; γ platyphylla α. On trees and stones, common. In fructification on the stems of Heath upon Gateshead Fell, D. γ On trees by Waskerley Bourn, and on the walls of Wolsingham Park, D.

68. BORRERA

1. B. ciliaris

Ach. Syn. 221; Berwick Flora, ii. 79; Lichen ciliaris Eng. Bot. 1352; On trees in woods, not rare.

2. B. tenella

Ach. Syn. 221; Berwick Flora, ii. 79; Lichen tenellus Eng. Bot. 1351; L. ciliaris Hudson, 538; β leptalea Parmelia leptalea Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 55; α. Upon trees, particularly the Black Thorn, and on Basaltic rocks at Holy Island, N. β on stones near Gainford, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. B. furfuracea

Ach. Syn. 222; Berwick Flora, ii. 79; Lichen furfuraceus Eng. Bot. 984; On the walls of Conset and Waskerley Park, and in the neighbourhood of Eglestone, also at Water Gate near Healy Field, D. Near Harbottle, and on Cheviot, Hedgehope, and Simonside, N. In Chillingham Park, and near Rawse Castle, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

69. CETRARIA

1. C. juniperina, β pinastri

Ach. Syn. 226; Lichen pinastri Eng. Bot. 2111; L. juniperinus Lightfoot, 836; On the juniper near the High Force, on the south side of the Tees. — Rev. J. Harriman. Never found in fructification.

2. C. glauca

Ach. Syn. 227; Berwick Flora, ii. 77; Lichen glaucus Eng. Bot. 1606; Lightfoot, 838; On rocks and stones among moss in Sub-alpine situations, N. and D. Near Heddon-on-the-Wall, N.

3. C. islandica

Ach. Syn. 229; Berwick Flora, ii. 76; Lichen islandicus Eng. Bot. 1330; On Gateshead, Whickham, and Muggleswick Fells, also on the moors in Teesdale and Weardale, D. On Cheviot, Hedgehope, Simonside, and the Wallington Moors, N. On Murton Crags, and the moors west of Belford, N.— Thompson's Berwick Plants.

70. STRICTA

1. S. pulmonacea

Ach. Syn. 233; Berwick Flora, 75; Lichen pulmonarius Eng. Bot. 572; Lightfoot, 831; On trees near Unthank and Rothbury, also at the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, N. On trees and rocks at Blackston Bank Wood near Wolsingham, also near Eglestone and Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On trees between Healey Field and Allansford, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

2. S. scrobiculata

Ach. Syn. 234; Berwick Flora, ii. 75; Lichen scrobiculatus Eng. Bot. 497; Lightfoot, 850; L. verrucosus Hudson, 545; At the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, N. On rocks at Rawse Castle above Chillingham, and in woods above Renton Inn, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. On trees and stones in Shipley Wood near Eglestone, also near the High Force, Teesdale, and on the banks of Waskerley Bourn, near Wolsingham, D.

3. S. linibata

Ach. Syn. 236; Lichen limbatus Eng. Bot. 1104; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 59; On rocks among moss near Eglestone, D. At the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, N.

4. S. sylvatica

Ach. Syn. 236; Lichen sylvaticus Eng. Bot. 2298; Lightfoot, 848; On rocks among moss in Cawsey, Eglestone, and Blackstone Bank Woods, D. At the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, and in East Common Wood, N.

71. PELTIDEA

1. P. horizontalis

Ach. Syn. 238; Lichen horizontalis Eng. Bot. 888; Lightfoot, 849; On Gunnerton Crags, and at the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, N. On stones among moss in Hag-crag Wood in Teesdale Forest, and in the neighbourhood of Healy Field, D.

2. P. apthosa

Ach. Syn. 238; Lichen apthosus Eng. Bot. 1119; Lightfoot, 847; At the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, and on Gunnerton Crags, also on rocks at Shewing Shields, where it was noticed by Wallis, N. On stones among moss in Hag-crag Wood in Teesdale Forest, D. In Holwick. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. P. canina

Ach. Syn. 239; Berwick Flora, ii. 73; Lichen caninus Eng. Bot. 2299; On earth and stones, common.

4. P. rufescens

Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 61; Berwick Flora, ii. 74; Lichen rufescens Eng. Bot. 2300; Peltidea canina γ crispa Ach. Syn. 329; On Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, and at Shewing-shields, N. In Teesdale, and the neighbourhood of Healey Field, D.

5. P. polydactyla

Ach. Syn. 240; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 61; Lichen caninus Lightfoot, 846; On the earth among moss in woods near Eglestone, and on the banks of the Derwent near Gibside, D.

6. P. spuria

Ach. Meth. 283, t. 5, f. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 74; P. canina Ach. Syn. 239; Lichen spurius Eng. Bot. 1542; On the sea banks at Hudshead, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Acharius appears now to consider P. spuria not even a variety of P. caninaP. rufescens of Smith, is his variety γ, and probably P. polydactyla might be enumerated as another variety. Lightfoot at least considered it as such.

72. NEPHROMA

1. N. resupinata

Ach. Syn. 241; Berwick Flora, ii. 75; Lichen resupinatus Eng. Bot. 305; Peltidea resupinata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 62; On stones among moss at Healey Field, Beamish, Urpeth, and in Cawsey Wood, also in woods near Eglestone, D. At the foot of Cheviot above Langley Ford, and in Dilston Park and East Common Wood, N.

73. EVERNEA

1. E. prunastri

Ach. Syn. 245; Berwick Flora, ii. 89; Lichen prunastri Eng. Bot. 859; On trees, common. In fructification in Gibside Woods, D. At Wallington, N. — Miss Emma Trevelyan.

74. CENOMYCE

1. C. papillaria

Ach. Syn. 248; Baeomyces papillaria Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 64; Lichen papillaria Eng. Bot. 907; Upon moors near Ravensworth, Butsfield, the Woodlands, and Eglestone, D. On Cheviot, Hedgehope, and the Wallington Moors, N.

2. C. caespititia

Ach. Syn. 249; Lichen caespititius Eng. Bot. 1796; On earth upon a stone wall in Heaton Dene above Hadrick's Mill, N.

3. C. alcicomis

Ach. Syn. 250; Lichen alcicornis Eng. Bot. 1392; Lightfoot, 872; On moors and mountains, N. and D.

4. C. cervicornis

Ach. Syn. 251; Lichen cervicornis Eng. Bot. 2574; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 62; On moors and mountains, N. and D. Near the Roman aqueduct at Butsfield, D.

5. C. pixidata

Ach Syn. 252; Berwick Flora, ii. 97; Lichen pixidatus Eng. Bot. 1393; In denes and on moors, common.

6. C. Pocillum

Ach. Syn. 253; Lichen Pocillum Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 65; Upon Cronkley Fell in Teesdale. — Rev. J. Harriman.

7. C. fimbriata

Ach. Syn. 254; Berwick Flora, ii. 97; Lichen fimbriatus Eng. Bot. 2438; L. cornutus Eng. Bot. 1836; L. radiatus Eng. Bot. 1835; On earth in mountainous situations, N. and D.

8. C. gonorega, β anomaea

Ach. Syn. 258; Lichen anomaeus Eng. Bot. 1867; On high moors, N. and D.

9. C. ecmocyna, α gracilis

Ach. Syn. 261; Berwick Flora, ii. 96; Lichen gracilis Eng. Bot. 1284; β hybrida Ach. Syn. 262; On sub-alpine moors, N. and D.

10. C. bacillaris

Ach. Syn. 266; Lichen filiformis Eng. Bot. 2028; L. tubiformis Lightfoot, 871; In sub-alpine denes and on moors, N. and D.

11. C. digitata

Ach. Syn. 267; Berwick Flora, ii. 96; Lichen digitals Eng. Bot. 2439; Lightfoot, 874; On moors, frequent.

12. C. deformis

Ach. Syn. 268; Lichen deformis Eng. Bot. 1394; Lightfoot, 876; In sub-alpine denes and on moors, N. and D.

13. C. coccifera

Ach. Syn. 269; Berwick Flora, ii. 96; Lichen cocciferus Eng. Bot. 2051; L. cornucopioides Lightfoot, 868; α and β On moors and heaths, frequent.

14. C. bellidiflora

Ach. Syn. 270; Berwick Flora, ii. 96; Lichen bellidiflorus Eng. Bot. 1894; At Prestwick Carr, on Hexham and Dilston Fells, and on Cheviot, N. On the Teesdale and Weardale Moors, D. Probably a variety of C. coccifera.

15. C. cenotea

Ach. Syn. 271; Baeomyces cenoteus Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 65; Ach. Hist. 345, t. 7, f. 7. On the moors near Edmondbyers, D.

16. C. sparassa

Ach. Syn. 273; Lichen sparassus Eng. Bot. 2362; L. ventricosus Lightfoot, 275; In sub-alpine denes, N. and D.

17. C. delicata

Ach. Syn. 274; Lichen delicatus Eng. Bot. 2052; On moors near Lanchester, D. In Dilston Park and on Cheviot, N.

18. C. racemosa

Ach. Syn. 275; Lichen spinosus Lightfoot, 882; Hudson, 459; Baeomyces spinosus Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 66; On walls near Lanchester, D. On Hexham and Dilston Fells, N.

19. C. furcata

Ach. Syn. 276; Lichen farcatus Hudson, 458; β subulata Baeomyces subulata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 66; α and β On moors near Eglestone, and in the vicinity of the Roman aqueduct at Butsfield, D. On Hexham and Dilston Fell.', N.

20. C. uncialis

Ach. Syn. 276; Berwick Flora, ii. 95; Lichen uncialis Eng. Bot. 174; β udunca Dill. Musc. t. 16, f. 21, A. B. α. On heaths, common. β on Cheviot and the Teesdale Moors, N. and D.

21. C. rangeferina

Ach. Syn. 277; Berwick Flora, ii. 93; Lichen rangeferinus Eng. Bot. 173; δ pungens α On moors and heaths, abundant.. δ on Hexham and Dilston Fells, N.

75. BAEOMYCES

1. B. roseus

Ach. Syn. 280; Lichen ericetorum Eng. Bot. 372; Lightfoot, 809; On earth, in mountainous situations.

2. B. rufus

Ach. Syn. 280; Berwick Flora, ii. 98; Lichen rufus Hudson, 527; B. rupestris Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 64; Lichen Byssoides Eng. Bot. 372; Lightfoot, 809; On earth and stones in denes and on moors, N. and D. In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, and on the Roman station at Caervoran, N. In Twizell Dene, N.— Mrs. Selby.

3. B. placophyllus

Ach. Syn. 281; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 64; On the moors about Eglestone, D., rare. — Rev. J. Harriman.

76. ISIDIUM

1. I. corallinum

Ach. Syn. 281; Berwick Flora, ii. 98; Lichen corallinus Eng. Bot. 1541; β dealbatum Variolaria dealbata Eng. Bot. 2519; α On rocks and stones in mountainous situations, N. and D. On the Roman wall at House-steads, N. On Murton Crags, N. — Dr. G. Johnston, β on the Teesdale Moors, D.

2. I. Westringii

Ach. Syn. 282; Lichen Westringii Eng. Bot. 2204; Dicks. Cryp. Fasc. iv. 20. On stone walls in Teesdale Forest, and in Weardale, D. In Allendale, and on the Roman wall at Housesteads, N. In Holwick. — Rev. J. Harriman.

3. I. microsticticum

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 66; Lichen microsticticus Eng. Bot. 2243; L. punctatus Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iii. 15; On walls in Teesdale Forest, D.

4. I. phymatodes

Ach. Syn. 282; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 47; In Newton-cap Wood, and in the Bishop's park at Bishop Auckland, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

77. STEREOCAULON

1. S. paschale

Ach. Syn. 284; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 66; Lichen paschale Eng. Bot. 282; On rocks and stones in sub-alpine situations.

2. S. condyloideum

Ach. Syn. 285; On the Roman wall at House-steads, N. In the north-west of the county of Durham.— Mr. John Thornhill.

3. S. cereolinum

Ach. Syn. 285; S. Cereolus Eng. Bot. t. 2667; Lichen Vulcani Bory, Voy. ii. 147. On Basaltic rocks and stones near Eglestone, D. — Rev. John Harriman. On the Roman Wall at Walltown, and east of Housesteads, N.

4. S. namum

Ach. Syn. 285; On rocks and stones in Teesdale Forest, D. — Rev. John Harriman.

78. SPHAEROPHORON

1. S. coralloides

Ach. Syn. 287; Berwick Flora, ii. 97; Lichen globiferus Eng. Bot. 115; Lightfoot, 887; On the Teesdale and Weardale Moors, D. On Cheviot, Simonside, Hedgehope, and on the Roman wall at House-steads, also on Gunnerton Crags, and near Harbottle and Heddon-on-the-Wall, N.

2. S. fragile

Ach. Syn. 287; Berwick Flora, ii. 97; Lichen fragilis Lightfoot, 888; Eng. Bot. 2474; On Cheviot, Hedgehope, Simonside, and the Harbottle Moors, N. On the Weardale and Teesdale Moors, D. Probably a variety of S. globiferus.

3. S. compressum

Ach. Syn. 287; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 67; Lichen fragilis Eng. Bot. 114; On rocks at Eglestone, Knitsley, and Muggleswick, D. On Shaftoe Crags, Harbottle Moor, and Gunnerton Crags near Barwesford, also on Cheviot, Hedgehope, and Simonside, N.

79. ALECTORA

1. A. jubata

Ach. Syn. 291; Berwick Flora, ii. 92; Lichen jubatus Lightfoot, 891; Eng. Bot. 1880; Parmelia jubata Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 60; β chalybeiformis α On Gunnerton Crags and rocks at Harlow Hill, near Rothbury, on Cheviot and Simonside, also at Shewing-shields, where it was observed by Wallis, N. On Murton Crags, at Rawse Castle and Hepburn Hill near Chillingham, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. Upon the common heath, and on rocks and trees near Eglestone, D. β on trees in Charnberry near Eglestone, D. α on Gateshead Fell, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill.

80. RAMALINA

1. R. polymorpha

Ach. Syn. 295; Parmelia polymorpha Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 60; On rocks and stones in the neighbourhood of Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

2. R. fraxinea

Ach. Syn. 296; Berwick Flora, ii. 90; Lichen fraxineus Eng. Bot. 1781; On trees, common.

3. R. fastigiata

Ach. Syn. 296; Berwick Flora, ii. 91; Lichen fastigiatus Eng. Bot. 890; On trees and pales, frequent.

4. R. scopulorum

Ach. Syn. 297; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 68; Gr. Fl. Eds. 348; Berwick Flora, ii. 90; Lichen scopulorum Eng. Bot. 688; β siliquosus With. iv. 40; On rocks near the sea coast at Newbiggen, Dunstanborough, and Bamborough Castles, on the Heugh and St. Cuthbert's Island, Holy Island, also on the Staples and Fern Islands, N. At HudsheadDr. G. Johnston. On Hartley Bates, N — Mr. J. Thornhill. & on the top of a wall in LuneRev. J. Harriman.

5. R. farinacea

Ach. Syn. 297; Berwick Flora, ii. 91; Lichen farinaceus Eng. Bot. 889; On trees, common.

6. R. pollinaria

Ach. Syn. 298; Lichen pollinarius Eng. Bot. 1607; Parmelia pollinaria Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 60; On old pales and rocks in Teesdale, D — Rev. J. Harriman.

81. CORNICULARIA

1. C. tristis

Ach. Syn. 299; Berwick Flora, ii. 92; Lichen trislis Eng. Bot. 720; L. corniculatus Lightfoot, 855; On Cheviot, Hedgehope, and Simonside, N. On rocks near Blackton not far from Eglestone, also in in the neighbourhood of Middleton-in-Teesdale, D. On Cronkley Fell, D Rev. J. Hariman.

2. C. aculeata

Ach. Syn. 299; β spadicca Berwick Flora, ii. 91; Lichen hispidus Eng. Bot. 452; Lightfoot, 883; δ muricata L. muricatus Swartz. Nov. Act. Ups. v. 248. On Simonside and at Prestwick Carr, N. On Gateshead and Ravensworth Fells, D. In sub-alpine situations, not rare, D. and N.

3. C. ochroleuca

Ach. Syn. 301; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 69; Lichen ochroleucus Eng. Bot. 2374; On Eglestone Moors, D., rare. — Rev. J. Harriman.

4. C. lanata

Ach. Syn. 302; Lichen lanatus Eng. Bot. 846; Lightfoot, 892; On stones upon the Teesdale Moors, D. On Cheviot, Simonside, and Hedgehope, N.

82. USNEA

1. U. florida

Ach. Syn. 304; Lichen floridus Eng. Bot. 872; L. hirtus Eng. Bot. 1356; Usnea plicata Ach. Syn. 305; In fructification in Gibside Woods, D. On trees in woods, not rare, N. and D.

2. U. plicata

Ach. Syn. 305; U. hirta Berwick Flora, ii. 93; Lichen plicatus Eng. Bot. 257; Lightfoot, 889; Upon trees on the banks of Waskerley Bourn near Wolsingham, D.

83. COLLEMA

1. C. nigrum

Ach. Syn. 308; Berwick Flora, ii. 78; Lichen niger Eng. Bot. 1161; Lecidea nigra Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 41; Upon rocks on Cleadon and Boldon Hills, on Gateshead Fell, and near Eglestone, D. In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, and near Heddon-on-the-Wall, N. In the Quarry at Hudshead, N; and near the Old Castle, Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. crispum

Ach. Syn. 311; Berwick Flora, ii. 77; Lichen crispus Eng. Bot. 834; β cristatum Ach. Syn. 312; α and β On the ground in the neighbourhood of Eglestone; β on Cleadon and Boldon Hills, D. Near Berwick, and in Dilston Park, also near Ridley Hall, N.

3. C. meloenum

Ach. Syn. 315; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 71; Berwick Flora, ii. 78; On stones about Eglestone, D. On Sandstone walls near Berwick, N Dr. G. Johnston.

4. C. fasciculare

Ach. Syn. 317; Lichen fascicularis Eng. Bot. 1162; Lightfoot, 841; On Calcareous stones near Middleton-in-Teesdale, and Wycliffe, D. On stone walls near Hexham, N.

5. C. saturinum

Ach. Meth. 320; Lichen saturinus Eng. Bot. 1980; Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 21 t. 6, f. 8. On trees in Horsley Hope Dene, and on trees and stones near Eglestone, D. On stones near Hexham, and above Langley Ford at the foot of Cheviot, N.

6. C. flaccidum

Ach. Syn. 322; Lichen flaccidus Eng. Bot. 1653; L. rupestris Swartz. Nor. Act. Ups. iv. 249. On stones in a rivulet in Holwick. — Rev. J. Harriman. On rocks in Wooler Water above Langley Ford, N.

7. C. tunaerforme

Ach. Syn. 322; Parmelia tunarformis Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 58; On Limestone rocks about Eglestone and Middleton-in-Teesdale. — Rev. J. Harriman. Near Wycliffe, D.

8. C. fureum

Ach. Syn. 323; Lichen granulatus Eng. Bot. 1757; On trees in the neighbourhood of Eglestone, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N.

9. C. scotinum

Ach. Syn. 323; β sinuatum Lichen sinuatus Eng. Bot. 772; Parmelia scotina Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 58; α and β On the ground and on stones about Eglestone, D.— Rev. J. Harriman. In Dilston Park, N.

10. C. laccrum

Ach. Syn. 327; Lichen laccr Eng. Bot. 1982; L. tremelloides Lightfoot, 842; Among moss in Cocken, Cawsey, the Howns, Gibside, and Ravensworth woods, and on Lanchester and Cronkley Fells, D. In Dilston Park and above Langley Ford, also in the Felton Woods, N.

11. C. muscicola

Ach. Syn. 328; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 72; Lichen muscicola Eng. Bot. 2264; On Cheviot and Simonside, N. Upon the Hag Crag in Teesdale Forest, D. Near Muggleswick, D. — Mr. J. Thornhill.

12. C. spongiosum

Ach. Syn. 329; Lichen spongiosis Eng. Bot. 1374; Parmelia spongiosa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 53; On Lanchester Fell upon earth, D. On Eglestone and Teesdale Moors, and near the Smelt Mill in Harewood, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

84. LEPRARIA

1. L. chlorina

Ach. Syn. 329; Eng. Bot. 2038; On rocks and old walls.

2. L. flava

Ach. Syn. 330; Eng. Bot. 1350; Berwick Flora, ii. 103; Byssus candelarius Lightfoot, 1005; On trees and old pales, common.

3. L. Jolithus

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 73; Eng. Bot. 2471; L. rubens Ach. Meth. 6. On rocks and trees in Teesdale, and in woods on the Derwent, also in Cawsey Wood, D. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N. Not rare in sub-alpine situations. It has the scent of violets, but faint.

4. L. aeruginosa

Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 73; Eng. Bot. 2182; Conferva pulveria Dillwyn, p. 78; On old stone walls in damp places.

5. L. latebrarum

Ach. Syn. 331; Eng. Bot. 2147; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 103; On rocks in shady situations, and in caverns.

6. L. nigra

Eng. Bot. 2409; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 73; On old oak posts, pales, &c.

7. L. ? alba

Eng. Bot. 1349; Byssus lactea Hudson, 669; Berwick Flora, ii. 104; Upon mosses and the bark of trees, frequent.

8. L. lutescens

Eng. Bot. 1529; Ach. Meth. 5; On the bark of old trees, common.

9. L. ochracea

Eng. Bot. 2408; On the bark of trees in woods.

10. L. virescens

Eng. Bot. 2149; On the bark of trees in woods, particularly Elms, not rare.

HYPOXYLA

85. RHIZOMORPHA

1. R. subcorticalis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 354; Ach. Syn. 288; Berwick Flora, ii. 143; Persoon, Syn. 704; R. patens Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 111; Sowerby, t. 392, f. 1, 2. Between the wood and bark of Fir andother trees not rare; in Bradley Wood, at Cleadon, and near Eglestone, D. In Scotswood, Walbottle, and Heaton Denes, also near Wallington, N.

2. R. divergens

Gr. Crypt, t. 154; Berwick Flora, ii. 143; Clavaria phosphorea Sowerby, t. 100.? ; Between the wood and bark of Fir trees, not rare.

3. R. farinacea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 354; On decayed stumps of trees in Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N. In Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D.

4. R. setiformis

Persoon, Syn. 705; Berwick Flora, ii. 143; Hypoxylon loculiferum Bull. 495, f. 1, A. B; Sphaeria hypotrichoides Sowerby, t. 200; Dill. 76, t. 13, f. A. B. On dead wood and leaves, also in cellars.

5. R. spinosa

Ach. Syn. 288; Sowerby, t. 299; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 110; On timber in the Weardale, Allendale, and Nenthead Lead Mines, D. and N. In the Charnberry Lead Mine, Teesdale, D.— Rev. J. Harriman.

6. R. dichotoma

Ach. Syn. 289; Sowerby, t. 298; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 110; On timber in the Weardale and Derwent Lead Mines, D. In the Charnberry Lead Mine in Teesdale, D. — Rev. J. Harriman. In the Nenthead and Allenheads Lead Mines, N.

7. R. Harrimanni

Sowerby, t. 431,f. 1; In the lead mines of Northumberland and Durham, growing on timber beginning to decay.

86. SPHAERIA

1. S. hypoxylon

Persoon, Syn. 5; Sowerby, t. 55; Berwick Flora, ii. 117; Bolton, t. 129, b, c, i, e, f; Xylaria hypoxylon Gr. Fl. Eds. 355; S. cupressiformis Persoon, Syn. 5; Clavaria cupressiformis With. iv. 441; Bolton, 129, g. α and β On the stumps of decayed trees and gateposts, common.

2. S. digitata

Persoon, Syn. 6; Xylaria digitata Gr. Fl. Eds. 355; On the stumps of trees in a state of decay, N. and D.

3. S. polymorpha

Gr. Crypt, t. 237; Persoon, Syn. 7; S. digitata Sowerby, t. 69; Bolton, t. 129, h; Xylaria polymorpha Gr. Fl. Eds. 355; On the rotten stumps of trees, frequent.

4. S. concentrica

Bolt. t. 180; Persoon, Syn. 8 t. 1, f. 34; S. fraxinea Sowerby, t. 160; With. iv. 467; Hypoxylon concentricum Gr. Crypt, t. 324 f. 1; On the trunks of trees, frequent.

5. S. fragiformis

Gr. Syn. 24; Persoon, Syn. 9 t. 1, f. 1, 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 121; S. lycoperdoides With. iv. 466; Lycoperdon variolosum Sowerby, t. 271; Stromatosphaeria fragiformis, var. laevis Gr. Crypt. t. 136. On dead branches of the Beach, &c.

6. S. elliptica

Gr. Syn. 23; Stromatosphaeria elliptica Gr. Fl. Eds. 357; Crypt, t. 114; On the branches of the Birch in a state of decay.

7. S. granulosa

Sowerby, t. 355; Persoon, Syn. 11; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 109; Hypoxylon granulosum Bull. t. 487, f. 2. On the bark of the Birch, common.

8. S. mammosa

With. iv. 466; Purton, t. 22; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 108; Fl. Dan. 1079; In East Common Wood and Dilston Park on the bark of dead trees, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

9. S. rugosa

With. iv. 467; Purton, iii. 487; Bolton, 1. 123, f.3; In East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N.

10. S. spermoides

Persoon, Syn. 75; Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 6; Berwick Flora, ii. 125; S. aggregata With. iv. 469; S. bombardica Bolton, t. 122, f. 2; Sowerby, t. 372, f. 4. On stumps of Ash trees in a state of decay, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. S. gelatinosa

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 385; Berwick Flora, ii. 121; S. pallida Persoon, Syn. 12; On dead branches of trees in the plantation at Murton Crags, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

12. S. fusca

Persoon, Syn. 12; Berwick Flora, ii. 121; S. tuberculosa Bolton, 123, f.1; Sowerby, 374, f. 8; With. iv. 467; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 108; On dead sticks in Heaton and Walbottle Denes, N. In Ravensworth and Gibside, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

13. S. rebesia

Persoon, Syn. 14; Berwick Flora, ii. 123; On the Red Currant, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

14. S. punctata

Sowerby, t. 54; S. Poronia Persoon, 15; S. truncata Bolton, 127, f. 2; With. iv. 414; Bull. t. 252; Hypoxylon punctatum Gr. Crypt, t. 327; On old hot-beds and dung-hills, rare.

15. S. deustum

Persoon, Syn. 16; S. maxima Bolton, t. 181; Sowerby, t. 338; With. iv. 467; Hypoxylon deustum Gr. Crypt, t. 324 f. 2. On the trunks of trees, not rare.

16. S. citrina

Gr. Syn. 23; Crypt, t. 215; Persoon, Syn. 18; S. ochracca Persoon, Syn. 18; On rotten wood and bark, not rare.

17. S. Purtoni

Gr. Syn. 23; Cucurbitaria Pinastri Crypt, t. 50; On the branches of Fir trees, not rare.

18. S. prunastri

Persoon, Syn. 37; Berwick Flora, 123; Stromatosphoeria prunastri Gr. Fl. Eds. 358; On the dead branches of the Sloe.

19. S. elongata

Gr. Syn. 22; Cucurbitaria elongata Crypt, t. 195; On the branches of the common Furze, frequent.

20. S. cinnabarina

Gr. Syn. 23; Berwick Flora, ii. 123; S. decolorans Persoon, Syn. 49; S. fragiformis With. iv. 465; Cucurbitaria cinnabarina Gr. Crypt, t. 135; On the dead branches of trees, very common, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

21. S. moriformis

Persoon, Syn. 86; Gr. Fl. Eds. 364; Berwick Flora, 125; S. claviformis Sowerby, t. 337. On dead Fir wood at Benwell, Gilsland, and East Common Wood, N. In Gibside Woods and at Lanchester, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

22. S. phaecomes

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 404; Berwick Flora, 130; Cryptosphaeria capillata Gr. Fl. Eds. 362; Crypt. t. 69. On the dead leaves of grasses. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

23. S. trichella

Berwick Flora, 130; Vermicularia trichella Gr. Crypt, t. 345; S. phaecomes Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 404. var. On dead Ivy leaves. — Dr. G. Johnston.

24. S. Empetri

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 403; Berwick Flora, ii. 130; Hypoderma sphaeroides Lam. and De Cand. v. 165; On the dead leaves of Empetrum nigrum on the moors of N. and D.

25. S. Stigma

Gr. Syn. 23; Persoon, Syn. 21; Berwick Flora, ii. 117; With. iv. 470; S. decorticata Sowerby, t. 137; Stromatosphaeria Stigma Gr. Crypt. t. 223, f. 2. On the dead branches of trees, common. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. S. undulata

Gr. Syn. 23; Persoon, Syn. 21; Berwick Flora, ii. 118; Stromatospharia undulata Gr. Fl. Eds. 356; Crypt. 223, fr. 1. On the dead branches of trees, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

27. S. disciformis

Gr. Syn. 23; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 5; Persoon, Syn. 24; Berwick Flora, ii. 121; Stromatosphaeria disciformis Gr. Crypt. 314; Gr. Fl. Eds. 357; On the dead branches of the Beach and other trees, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

27. S. typhina

Gr. Syn. 24; Persoon, Syn. 29; Berwick Flora, ii. 120; S. spiculifera Sowerby, t. 274; Stromatosphaeria typhina Gr. Crypt, t. 204; On the culms of living grasses, not rare. About Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

28. S. flavo-virens

Persoon, Syn. 22; Berwick Flora, ii. 118; Stromatosphaeria multiceps Gr. Fl. Eds. 356; S. flavo-virens Crypt, t. 320; Syn. 23; Sphaeria multiceps Sowerby, t, 394, f. 8. On the dead branches of trees, common. N. and D. West Ord, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

30. S. oblonga

Sowerby, t. 374, f. 7; Berwick Flora, ii. 121; In the neighbourhood of Newcastle, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

31. S. quercina

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 389; Berwick Flora, ii. 119; On Oak-branches, N. and D. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

32. S. rosella

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 138; On rotten wood and dead leaves, not rare.

33. S. atro-purpurea

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 389; Berwick Flora, ii. 118; Bot. Gall. ii. 681; On rotten wood near Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

34. S. lata

Persoon, Syn. 29; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 388; Berwick Flora, ii. 118; Gr. Fl. Eds. 357; decorticated wood Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. Near Newcastle, not rare, N. and D.

35. S. myriocarpa

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 152 f. 1; On posts and wood beginning to decay.

36. S. Coryli

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 330; Berwick Flora, ii. 128; On the leaves of the Hazel.

37. S. rubens

Berwick Flora, ii. 128; On the leaves of the Rowan tree, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

38. S. stellulata

Berwick Flora, ii. 122; Bot. Gall. ii. 686; On dead branches of the Elm Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

39. S. Hederae

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 430; Berwick Flora, ii. 130; On the leaves of the Ivy, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

40. S. pulchella

Gr. Syn. 23; Cryptosphaeria pulchella Crypt. 67. On the dead branches of the Cherry and Birch.

41. S. Pinastri

Gr. Syn. 21; S. Taxi Sowerby, t. 394, f. 6; Cryptosphaeria Taxi Gr. Crypt, t. 13; On the dead leaves of the Yew and Silver Fir.

42. S. millepunctata

Gr. Syn. 21; Berwick Flora, ii. 124; Cryptosphaeria millepunctata Gr. Crypt, t. 201; On the dead branches of the Ash, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

43. S. multicapsula

Purton, ii. 716 f. 8; On decayed wood at Ravensworth, D. Near Benwell and Hexham, N.

44. S. Graminis

Persoon, Syn. 30; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 391; Berwick Flora, ii. 119; On dead Carices and Grasses, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

45. S. nebulosa

Persoon, Syn. 31; Berwick Flora, ii. 127; Cryptosphaeria nebulosa Gr. Fl. Eds. 362; On the dead stems of the Hemlock, frequent. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

46. S. longissima

Persoon, Syn. 31; Berwick Flora, ii. 127; On the dead stems of the Chaerophyllum sylvestre Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

47. S. Angelica

Berwick Flora, ii. 129; S. punctiformis Angelicaria Lam. and De Cand. iv. 145; On the leaves of Angelica sylvestris N. and D.

48. S. Junci

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 391; Berwick Flora, ii. 119; On Rushes Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

49. S. aurea

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 47; On Fungi in a state of decay, N. and D. At Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

50. S. convergens

Persoon, Syn. 46; Sowerby, t. 374, f. 6; Berwick Flora, ii. 122; Near Berwick, not rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

51. S. culmifraga

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 403; Berwick Flora, ii. 127; On dead leaves of Arundo arenaria N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

52. S. filicina

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 391; Berwick Flora, ii. 119; S. Pteridis Sowerby, t. 394, f. 10. On Pteris aquilina common, .in autumn, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

53. S. seatina

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 403; Berwick Flora, ii. 129; On the dead leaves of the Bramble and Hawthorn near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

54. S. nivea

With. iv. 464; Sowerby, t. 219; Persoon, Syn. 38; On branches of trees, frequent.

55. S. leucostoma

Persoon, Syn. 39; Berwick Flora, ii. 122; On the branches of the Hawthorn, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

56. S. coronata

With. iv. 468; Purton, iii. 489; Rehlan, Ed. 2, No. 1387; S. convergens Persoon, Syn. 46; Sowerby, t. 374, f. 6. On decayed branches of trees in East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N. In Long Acre and Gibside Woods, D.

57. S. faginea

Persoon, Syn. 44; Berwick Flora, ii. 120; S. perforata Sowerby, 372, f. 2; Cryptosphaeria faginea Gr. Fl. Eds. 359; On Beach trees near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

58. S. ambicus

Persoon, Syn. 44; Berwick Flora, ii. 122; On the bark of the Hawthorn near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

59. S. Laburni

Persoon, Syn. 50; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 395; Berwick Flora, ii. 123; Near Berwick, on the branches of the Laburnum. — Dr. G. Johnston. In Falla's Nursery near Gateshead, D.

60. S. episphaeria

Gr. Crypt, t. 175; Persoon, Syn. 57; Lam. and De Cand. v. 142; Berwick Flora, ii. 126; Near Berwick, frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston. Upon dead Hypoxyla in woods near Newcastle.

61. S. verrucosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 364; Crypt. t. 39; Berwick Flora, 125; Parasitic, on Polyporus abietinus Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

62. S. tubaeformis

Gr. Syn. 21; Crypt, t. 335 f. 1; Persoon, Syn. 60; On the dead leaves of trees.

63. S. Gnomon

Gr. Syn. 21; Crypt. t. 335, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 61; Sowerby, t. 373, f. 6; On the dead leaves of the Hazel.

64. S. acuta

Gr. Syn. 21; Sowerby, t. 119; With. iv. 468; Persoon, Syn. 62; Berwick Flora, ii. 126; Cryptosphaeria acuta Gr. Crypt, t. 239 f. 1. On dead stems of herbaceous plants, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

65. S. setacea

Persoon, Syn. 62; Berwick Flora, ii. 128; On the dead leaves of the Birch and Sycamore, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

66. S. Peziza

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 186 f 2; Peziza hydrophora Bull. t. 410, f. 2; Lycoperdon hydrophorum Sowerby, t. 23. On rotten wood, not rare.

67. S. aguila

Bot. Gall. ii. 697; Berwick Flora, ii. 124; S. Byssiseda Lam. and De Cand. ii. 295; Persoon, Syn. 67; On the bark of trees in Ravensworth woods, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

68. S. aurantia

Gr. Syn. 22; Persoon, Syn. 68; Cryptosphaeria aurantia Gr. Crypt, t. 78; On decaying Fungi.

69. S. tomentosa

Rehlan, 2nd Ed., No. 1382; With. iv. 464; Purton, iii. 287; S. ovina Persoon, Syn. 71; S. obducta Bolton, 125. On decayed branches of trees in Scotswood dene, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

70. S. calva

Persoon, Syn. 74; Gr. Fl. Eds. 364; Berwick Flora, ii. 128; On dead stalks of Senecio Jacobaea Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

71. S. Patella

Gr. Fl. Eds. 863; Persoon, Syn. 76; Berwick Flora, ii. 126; Heterosphaeria Patella Gr. Crypt, t. 103; On the dead stems of Umbelliferous plants, frequent. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

72. S. conigera

Bot. Gall. ii. 705; Berwick Flora, ii. 126; S. strobilina Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 8; On the dead cones of Pinus Abies not rare.

73. S. Doliolum

Gr. Syn. 21; Persoon, Syn. 78; Berwick Flora, ii. 127; Cryptosphaeria Doliolum Gr. Crypt, t. 239 f. 2; On the dead stems of Umbelliferous plants, N. and D. On the stems of Angelica sylvestris Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

74. S. Herbarum

Persoon, Syn. 78; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 7; Berwick Flora, ii. 127; Cryptosphaeria Herbarum Gr. Fl. Eds. 361; On the dead stalks of Umbelliferous plants, common. N. and D.

75. S. sanguinea

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 175 f. 1; Persoon, Syn, 81; Berwick Flora, ii. 125; Bolton, t. 121, f. 1; With. iv. 464; Sowerby, t. 254; Hypoxylon phoeniceum Bull. t. 487, f. 3. On the branches of trees, not rare, N. and D.

76. S. Tiliae

Persoon, Syn. 84; Berwick Flora, ii. 124; On dead twigs of the Sycamore in the plantations at New-water Haugh near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

77. S. concava

Sowerby, t. 317; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 109; On dead leaves of the Holly, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

78. S. Pulvis-pyrius

Gr. Syn. 22; Crypt, t. 152 f. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 125; Persoon, Syn. 86; On dead wood, common. On Hazel Dr. G.Johnston.

79. S. Aegopodii

Persoon, Syn. 89; Berwick Flora, ii. 129; Cryptosphaeria Gr. Fl. Eds. 362; On the leaves of Aegopodium Podagraria Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

80. S. punctiformis

Persoon, Syn. 90; Berwick Flora, ii. 130; On dead Sycamore leaves near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

81. S. maculiformis

Persoon, Syn. 90; Berwick Flora, ii. 129; On Oak, Chesnut, Beach, and other leaves in a state of decay, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

82. S. lichenoides

Berwick Flora, ii. 131; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 299 and iv. 147; Xyloma lichenoides Lam. and De Cand. ii. 304; On leaves of the Ash and Sycamore near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

87. DOTHIDEA

1. D. Ulmi

Gr. Syn. 20; Fries, iv. t. 200 f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 132; On dead leaves of the Elm, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. D. betulina

Gr. Syn. 20; Fries, iv. t. 200 f. 2; On the leaves of the Birch.

3. D. Robertiani

Gr. Syn. 20; Crypt, t. 146 f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 132; On the leaves of the Geranium Robertianum Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. D. alnea

Gr. Syn. 20; Crypt, t. 146 f. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 133; Xyloma alneum Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 9; On the leaves of the Alder, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. D. Heraclei

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 417; Berwick Flora, ii. 133; On the leaves of Heracleum Sphondylium Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. D. Alchemillae

Berwick Flora, ii. 133; Asteroma Alchemillae Gr. Fl. Eds. 369; On the leaves of the Lady's Mantle, frequent.

88. POLYSTIGMA

1. P. rubrum

Gr. Syn. 21; Crypt, t. 120; Xyloma rubrum Berwick Flora, ii. 139; Persoon, Syn. 105; Purton, t. 33; On the upper side of the leaves of the Sloe.

89. HYSTERIUM

1. H. quercinum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 366 f. 1; Persoon, Syn. 100; Berwick Flora, ii. 135; On dead Oak branches, N. and D.

2. H. pulicare

Gr. Syn. 18; Fl. Eds. 366; Crypt. t. 167, f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; Lichen scriptus Lightfoot, 801; On the wood of dead trees, not rare, N. and D. On the dead stems of Vaccinium Myrtillus Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. H. varium

Gr. Syn. 1 8; Crypt, t. 233; On Oak trees, not rare.

4. H. lineare

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 167 f. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 135; On the dead wood of trees, not rare.

5. H. Fraxini

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 72; Persoon, Syn. 100; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; Sphaeria sulcata Bolton, t. 124; Sowerby, t. 315; With. iv. 469; On the branches of the Ash, common. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. H. Rubi

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 24; Persoon, Syn. 100; On the stems of the Bramble.

7. H. Pinastri

Persoon, Syn. xxviii; Gr. Crypt, t. 60; Fl. Eds. 367; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; On the leaves of Pinus sylvestris common, .

8. H. Juniperini

Gr. Fl. Eds. 367; Crypt, t. 26; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; H. Pinastri Gr. Syn. 18. β. On the dead leaves of the Juniper, frequent.

9. H. melaleucum

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 88; On the dead leaves of the Red Whortle-berry, on the edges of the moors.

10. H. conigerum

Persoon, Syn. 102; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; Sphaeria strobilina Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 405. On the cones of Pinus Abies N. and D. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

11. H. culmigerum

Gr. Syn. 18; H. gramineum Crypt, t. 87; Fl. Eds. 367; Berwick Flora, ii. 136; On dead stems and leaves of grasses, common.

12. H. maculare

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 129 f. 2; On the dead leaves of trees.

13. H. foliicolum

Gr. Syn. 18; β Hederae Fries, iii. t. 129, f. 1; On the dead leaves of the Ivy.

90. PHACIDIUM

1. P. Vaccinii

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 411; Berwick Flora, ii. 134; On the decayed leaves of Vaccinium Myrtillus Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. P. repandum

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 411; Berwick Flora, ii. 134; Xyloma herbarum Lam. and De Cand. iv. 161; On the living leaves of Sherardia arvensisDr. G. Johnston.

3. P. coronatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 366; Crypt, t. 52; Berwick Flora, ii. 133; Xyloma Pezizoides Persoon, Syn. 105; Peziza comitialis Sowerby, t. 118; P. viridis Bolton, t. 109, f. 1; On dead leaves of the Beach and Oak, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

91. RHYSTISMA

1. R. acerinum

Gr. Syn. 19; Berwick Flora, ii. 135; Xyloma acerinum Persoon, Syn. 104; Gr. Crypt, t. 118 f. 1; Mucor granulosus Bull. t. 504, f. 13. On the leaves of the Sycamore, common. N. and D.

2. R. salicinum

Gr. Syn. 19; Berwick Flora, ii. 134; Xyloma salicinum Persoon, Syn. 106; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 304; Gr. Crypt, t. 118 f. 2. On the leaves of Salix capraea Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

92. STILBOSPHORA

1. S. biloculata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 366; Berwick Flora, ii. 192; On the Furze. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. S. microsperma

Gr. Fl. Eds. 366; Persoon, Syn. 96; Berwick Flora, ii. 192; On dead branches of the Willow. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. conglomerata

Berwick Flora, ii. 192; Melanconium conglomeratum Bot. Gall. ii. 884; Link, in Willd. vi. 2, 92. On branches of the Willow. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. S. betulina

Berwick Flora, ii. 192; Didymosporum betulinum Gr. Fl. Eds. 366; On dead branches of Beach and Willow. — Dr. G. Johnston.

93. EXCIPULA

1. E. Rubi

Gr. Syn. 18; Crypt, t. 334; On the dead stems of the Raspberry.

94. CYTISPORA

1. C. leucosperma

Gr. Syn. 17; Naemaspora Rosarum Fries, i. t. 20; On the dead branches of Briars, not rare.

95. SEPTORIA

1. S. Ulmi

Gr. Syn. 17; Crypt. t. 112; Berwick Flora, ii. 192; On the inferior surface of Elm leaves. — Dr. G. Johnston.

96. CEUTHOSPORA

1. C. phacidioides

Gr. Syn. 17; Crypt, t. 253; Berwick Flora, ii. 141; Sphaeria bifrons Sowerby, t. 316. On the dead leaves of the Holly, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. Lauri

Gr. Syn. 17; Crypt, t. 254; Spharia Lauri Sowerby, t. 371, f. 4. On the dead leaves of Laurus nobilis not rare.

3. C. phaecomes

Gr. Syn. 17; Crytosphaeria capillata Crypt, t. 69; On the dead leaves of Holcus mollis.

97. ACTINOTHYRIUM

1. A. Graminis

Gr. Syn. 16; Crypt, t. 218; On the leaves and stems of grasses, — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

98. PHOMA

1. P. salignum

Bot. Gall. ii. 726; Xyloma salignum Persoon, Syn. 106; Gr. Fl. Eds. 368; Berwick Flora, ii. 139; On the leaves of Salix capraea and S. aurita in a state of decay.

99. XYLOMA

1. X. concavum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 368; Berwick Flora, ii. 139; Sphaeria concava Sowerby, t. 317; Eustegia Ilicis Bot. Gall. ii. 717. On dead Holly leaves.

2. X. Geranii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 368; Berwick Flora, ii. 140; On the leaves of Geranium sylvaticum and G. pratense .

3. X. Rosae

Bot. Gall. ii. 876; Berwick Flora, ii. 140; On the branches of native Roses.

4. X. Spiraeae

Berwick Flora, ii. 140; Septostroma Spiraeae Bot. Gall. ii. 726. On dead stalks of the Meadow Sweet.

FUNGI

100. AMANITA

1. A. muscaria

Gr. Crypt, t. 54; Agaricus muscarius Berwick Flora, ii. 169; With. iv. 234; Sowerby, t. 286; A. nobilis Bolton, t. 46; In East Common Wood near Hexham, at Roadley near Cambo, and Wooler, N. On the borders of woods in the county of Durham, not rare.

101. AGARICUS

1. A. ramealis

With. iv. 201; Berwick Flora, ii. 173; Persoon, Syn. 375; Bull. t. 336; A. candidus Bolton, t. 39, D; On dead sticks in woods, frequent.

2. A. eburneus

With. iv. 201; Gr. Fl. Eds. 371; Berwick Flora, ii. 163; A. nitens With. iv. 203; Sowerby, t. 71; A. cossus 121. In meadows, pastures, and on lawns, frequent.

3. A. virgincus

Gr. Cypt. t. 166; Persoon, Syn. 456; Sowerby, t. 32; A. niveus With. iv. 291; A. ericeus Bull. t. 188. In the same places as the last, of which it appears to be a variety.

4. A. giganteus

With. iv. 202; Sowerby, t. 244; Gr. Fl. Eds. 375; In woods near Lamesley, D. In East Common Wood and meadows near Wylam and Bywell, N.

5. A. cyathiformis

With. iv. 202; Berwick Flora, ii. 163; Bull. t. 248, A. B; A. umbilicatus Bolton, t. 17; A. sordidus With. iv. 252; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. t. 3, f. 1; Bolton, t. 59; A. tardus Persoon, Syn. 461; In woods and denes near Newcastle. In Howns and Bradley Woods, D.

6. A. gilvus

Persoon, Syn. 448; Gr. Crypt, t. 41; A. pilcolarius Bull. t. 400; Sowerby, t. 61; A. cascus With. iv. 205; A. mollis Bolton, t. 40; A. cyathiformis Fl. Dan. t. 1011; A. infundibuliformis Purton, iii. 393; In Heaton, Scotswood, and Walbottle Denes, also in East Common Wood, N. In Gibside and Bradley Woods, D.

7. A. risigallinus

Batsch. t. 62; A. pustillaris With. iv. 204; Near Medomsley, D.

8. A. tigrinus

With. iv. 205; Persoon, Syn. 458; Bull. t. 70; Sowerby, t. 68; On stumps of trees in Heaton and Scotswood Denes, also in East Common Wood, N. Near Saltwellside, Gibside, and at Healey-field, D.

9. A. Listeri

With. iv. 206; Sowerby, t. 245; Berwick Flora, ii. 164; A. plumbeus Persoon, Syn. 435; Gr. Fl. Eds. 374; In Ravensworth, Gibside, and Hamsterley Woods, also near Medomsley, D. In Scotswood dene, and among the cairn of stones at Heddon Laws, N.

10. A. fragrans

With. iv. 208; Sowerby, t. 10; Persoon, Syn. 455; Near Saltwellside and Marley Hill, D. In pastures at Benwell and Fenham, N.

11. A. radicatus

With. iv. 275; Sowerby, t. 48; Gr. Crypt, t. 217; A. longipes Bull. t. 232 and 515; A. umbraculum With. iv. 209; Batsch. f. 4; On the stumps of trees at Medomsley and Gibside, D. Near Benwell and Denton, also in Felton Woods, N.

12. A. viscidus

Persoon, Syn. 291; A. glutinosus Schaeff. t. 36, 1, 2, 3, 4; Sowerby, t. 7; A. velatus With. iv. 211; Near Heworth, Gibside, and Medomsley, D. On Newcastle Town Moor, and near Fenham and Jesmond, N.

13. A. lamicinus

With. iv. 211; Schaeff. 36, 5, 6, 7; Near Medomsley and Kibblesworth, D. Probably a variety of the last.

14. A. melleus

Fl. Dan. t. 1013; Bolton, t. 141; Gr. Crypt. 332; With. iv. 314; A. Polymyces Persoon, Syn. 269; A. stipitis Sowerby, t. 101; With. iv. 241; Berwick Flora, ii. 169; A. cumulatus With. iv. 212; A. congregates Bolton, t. 140; A. annulatus Bull. t. 377 and 540, f. 3; A. obscurus Schaeff. t. 74; A. fusco-pallidus Bolton, t. 136; A. laricinus Bolton, t. 19; With. iv. 243; In Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N. On stumps of trees near Saltwellside, Whickham, Bradley, and in Muggleswick Park, D.

15. A. aureus

With. iv. 213; Bull. t. 92; Sowerby, 77; A. rheoides With. iv. 267; A. rhabarbarinus Persoon, Syn. 271; On stumps of trees in Horsley Wood, N.

16. A. odorus

With. iv. 214; Persoon, Syn. 323; Bull. t. 176 and 556, f. 3; Sowerby, t. 42; Gr. Crypt, t. 28; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 175; On decayed leaves in Scotswood and Horsley Wood, also near Kirkwhelpington, in East Common Wood near Hexham, and at Spring Gardens near Newcastle, N. Near Medomsley, and at Cramer Dykes near Gateshead, D.

17. A. castanens

With. iv. 214; Persoon, Syn. 298; Bull. t. 268; A. cinnamomeus Bolton, t. 22; In plantations near Medomsley, Gibside, and Lamesley, D. On shady hedge banks near Benwell and Fenham, N.

18. A. subdulcis

Persoon, Syn. 433; Gr. Fl. Eds. 374; A. lactifluus With. iv. 216; Sowerby, t. 204. In woods near Newcastle, frequent.

19. A. pilosus

With. iv. 217; Sowerby, t. 164; Hudson, 622; A. Hudsoni Persoon, Syn. 390; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 104; A. villosus Bolton, t. 42, the 2d. var. of With; α On the dead leaves of the Holly in Gibside, Ravensworth, and Hilton Woods, D. 2d var. β, in Waskerley Dene, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

20. A. laccatus

Gr. Crypt. 249; Berwick Flora, ii. 176; Schaeff. t. 13; A. farinaeus Bolton, t. 64; With. iv. 292; A. amethysteus Bull. t. 570, f. 1, and t. 198; Persoon. Syn. 465; A. amethystinus Bolton, t. 63; With. iv. 229; Sowerby, 187; A. livido-purpuraceus With. iv. 320; A. rosellus With. iv. 218; In East Common and Horsley Woods, and near Blanchland, Scotswood, Benwell, and Fenham, N. In woods at Lambton and Lumley Castle, also at Medomsley and Bradley, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

21. A. deliciosus

With. iv. 219; Sowerby, t. 202; Persoon, Syn. 432; Schaeff. t. 11; Berwick Flora, ii. 167; In pastures near Gateshead, Medomsley, Hamsterley, and Chester-le-Street, D. Near Fenham, Benwell, and Felton, N.

22. A. rutilans

Gr. Fl. Eds. 371; Berwick Flora, ii. 168; A. Xerampelinus Sowerby, t. 131; Purton, iii. 210; In Fir plantations at the Woodlands near Lanchester, D.

23. A. torminosus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 373; Sowerby, t. 103; Persoon, Syn. 430; A. piperatus With. iv. 221; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 20; On the borders of woods and denes, N. and D.

24. A. Celicioides

Gr. Fl. Eds. 373; Berwick Flora, ii. 165; A. necator With. iv. 227; In Ravensworth and Gibside Woods, also in Horsley Hope and Waskerley Denes, D.

25. A. piperatus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 375; Persoon, Syn. 429; With. iv. 221; In fields, and on the borders of woods.

26. A. camphoratus

Bull. t. 567, f 1; A. lactifluus Bolton, t. 3; Lightfoot, 1012; A. dulcis With. iv. 222; In Bradley, Ravensworth, and Lumley Wood, D.

27. A. pratensis

Gr. Crypt, t. 91; Berwick Flora, ii. 164; A. ericeus With. iv. 222; A. fulvus With. iv. 228; A. claviformis With. iv. 224; A. ficoides Bull. t. 587, f. 1; A. miniatus Sowerby, t. 141; Schaeff. t. 313; A. fulvosus Bolton, t. 56; In meadows and pastures, not rare, N. and D.

28. A. flaccidus

Sowerby, t. 185; Berwick Flora, ii. 164; On walls near Wardrew and House-steads, N.

29. A. acris

With. iv. 224; Bolton, t. 60; A. rubescens Schaeff. t. 73. In Bradley, Ravensworth, and Lumley Woods, D. In Dilston Park and Oakwood, N.

30. A. fibula

With. iv. 225; Bull. t. 186 and 550, f. 1; A. parvus Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 22; In meadows, pastures, and on the borders of woods, and in Long-acre and Bradley Woods, D. Near Scotswood and Benwell, N.

31. A. muralis

Sowerby, t. 322; Gr. Fl. Eds. 384; Among moss upon walls near Gateshead Turnpike Gate, and on the Fell, D. Near Benwell and Fenham, N.

32. A. ericetorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 384; Persoon, Syn. 472; On the moors, not rare, N. and D.

33. A. adustus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 372; With. iv. 225; Persoon, Syn. 459; Schhaeff. t. 71, 72; A. nigricans Bull. t. 212, 237, f. 2 and 579. β elephantinus Sowerby, t. 36; α and β In woods near Newcastle, but not common.

34. A. involutus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 389; Persoon, Syn. 448; A. contiguus Sowerby, t. 98; With. iv. 226; In woods, and on turf upon the tops of stone fences.

35. A. graveolens

With. iv. 230; Purton, iii. 206; Berwick Flora, ii. 166; In old pastures, and by hedges.

36. A. aestivus

With. iv. 231; Near Medomsley, D.— Mr. J. Thornhill.

37. A. elephantinus

With. iv. 232; Sowerby, t. 36; Berwick Flora, ii. 165; In Gibside and Hounds Woods, D. In Gilsland Woods, N.

38. A. opacus

With. iv. 232; Sowerby, t. 142; In Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. In Benwell Dene and Fenham Woods, N.

39. A. furfurosus

With. iv. 233; Near Medomsley, and in Long-acre Woods, D.

40. A. crassipes

With. iv. 233; Sowerby, t. 129; A. elasticus With. iv. 239; A. crassipes Schaeff. 87, upper fig. f, g. α In Lumley Woods, D. β in East Common Wood, and Dilston Park, N.

41. A. terreus

With. iv. 237; Sowerby, 76; Berwick Flora, ii. 170; Schaeff. 64, 1, 2, 3; In lanes and plantations, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

42. A. leucocephalus

With. iv. 238; Bull. t. 536 ?; Near Medomsley, D. In pastures near Benwell, N.

43. A. gracilis

With. iv. 239; In East Common Wood and Heaton Dene, N.

44. A. cyathoides

Bolton, t. 145; With. iv. 244; Persoon, Syn. 460; In Heaton Wood and Scotswood dene, N.

45. A. zonarius

With. iv. 244; Sowerby, 203; A. lactifluus zonarius Bull. t. 104; A. fuscus Schaeff. t. 235. In Ravensworth, Bradley, and Howns Woods, also in Horsley Hope and Waskerley Denes, D. In Heaton Dene and near Gosforth, also in Felton Woods, N.

46. A. nitidus

Persoon, Syn. 444; Gr. Fl. Eds. 372; A. integer Berwick Flora, ii. 166; With. iv. 245; A. nauseosus Persoon, Syn. 446; A. vitellinus 442. In East Common Wood near Hexham, and in Henton Dene, N. In Bradley Wood, and near Pont Bourn, D.

47. A. emeticus

Persoon, Syn. 439; Gr. Fl. Eds. 372; A. integer Sowerby, t. 201; A. ochroleucus Persoon, Syn. 443; In most denes and woods, N. and D.

48. A. granulosus

Gr. Crypt, t. 104; A. ochraceus Bull. t. 362, 530, f. 3; A. croceus With. iv. 248; Sowerby, t. 19; Bolton, t. 51, f. 2; In woods and plantations, among moss, N. and D.

49. A. ulmarius

Persoon, Syn. 473; Sowerby, t. 67 and 384, f. 2; Bull. t. 510 and 513, f. 1; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 85; Among moss on the sides of Elms near Medomsley, D. Near Fenham and Gosforth, N.

50. A. dealbatus

Sowerby, t. 123; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 55; On the moors near Bolyhope Lead-mill, D. Near Barwesford, N.

51. A. parasiticus

Bull. t. 574, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 371; A. umbratus With. iv. 253; On Fungi in a state of decay in Bradley and Ravensworth woods, D. In Horsley Wood, D.

52. A. araneosus

With. iv. 254; Bull. t. 431, 4 and 5; In woods near Hamsterley and at Ravensworth, D. In Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N.

53. A. rimosus

With. iv. 255; Gr. Crypt, t. 128; Bull. t. 388 and 589; Sowerby, t. 323; Persoon, Syn. 310; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 85; In woods, denes, and pastures, not rare.

54. A. lacticaulis

With. iv. 256; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 85; In Bradley and Gibside Woods, D.

55. A. iliopodius

Bull. Fr. 21, 1, 10; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 85; In Bradley Wood, D. In Horsley Wood, Oakwood, and Dilston Park, N.

56. A. glaucopus

With. iv. 258; Gr. Fl. Eds. 386; Persoon, Syn. 282; Sowerby, t. 223; Schaeff. t. 83; A. subpurpurascens With. iv. 258; Batsch. 74; Berwick Flora, ii. 167; In Heaton and Scotswood, N. In Ravensworth, Gibside, and Beamish Woods, D. In New Water Haugh Wood Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

57. A. violaceus

With. iv. 260; Sowerby, t. 209; Gr. Fl. Eds. 386; Berwick Flora, ii. 167; A. hercynicus Persoon, Syn. 278; Near Chester-le-Street, Lumley, and Medomsley, D. Near Fenham and Gosforth, N.

58. A. aeruginosus

Persoon, Syn. 419; Gr. Fl. Eds. 391; Sowerby, t. 264; Schaeff. t. 1; Bolton, t. 143; With. iv. 318; Berwick Flora, ii. 182; A. cyaneus With, iv. t. 261; Bull. t. 530; A. politus Bolton, t. 30; In plantations at Medomsley, and woods at Beamish, Urpeth, Cawsey, and Gibside, D. Near Benwell and Denton, also at Spring Gardens near Newcastle, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

59. A. flavidus

Sowerby, t. 96; With. iv. 262; A. equestris With. iv. 353 var. 1; Bolton, 149. In meadows near Urpeth, Beamish, and Medomsley, D.

60. A. calyciformis

With, iv. 263; Batsch. t. 118; Near Medomsley, Gibside, and Lumley, D.

61. A. connatus

With. iv. 264; A. ramoso-radicatus Bolton, t. 148; Near Darlington, D. — Bolton.

62. A. peronatus

With. iv. 266; Gr. Fl. Eds. 379; Sowerby, t. 37; Bolton, t. 58; Near Beamish, Urpeth, and Medomsley, D. In Scotswood and Walbottle Denes, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

63. A. bulbosus

With. iv. 271; Sowerby, t. 130; Persoon, Syn. 295; In Lumley and Bradley Woods, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

64. A. cretaceus

With. iv. 273; Bull. t. 374; A. cepaestipes Sowerby, t. 2; A. luteus With. iv. 289 var. 1; Gr. Crypt. 333; On bark in hot-houses and stoves, frequent. On dung-hills at Benwell and Denton. N.

65. A. tuberosus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 380; Crypt, t. 23; Bull. t. 256; Persoon, Syn. 374; A. alius With. iv. 274 var. 2; A. alumnus Bolton, t. 155; On large Agarics in a state of decay in Bradley, Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. In Horsley and East Common Wood, also in Scotswood dene, and near Denton, N.

66. A. radicatus

With. iv. 275; Gr. Crypt, t. 217; Sowerby, t. 48; A. longipes Bull. t. 232, 515; A. unibraculum With. iv. 209; Batsch. 77, f. 1. In woods, denes, and by road sides, N. and D.

67. A. oreades

With. iv. 275; Gr. Crypt, t. 323; Bolton, t. 151; Berwick Flora, ii. 175; A. pratensis Sowerby, t. 247; Hudson, 616; A. coriaceus Lightfoot, 1020; In pastures, common. This is one of the Agarics which forms Fairy rings.

68. A. peronatus

Sowerby, t. 37; Gr. Fl. Eds. 379; Berwick Flora, ii. 176; In woods, attached to leaves, straw, &c., N. and D.

69. A. horizontalis

With. iv. 279; Bull. t. 235; Sowerby, t. 341; On old trees near Urpeth, Medomsley, and Cold Rowley, D.

70. A. clavus

With. iv. 279; Lightfoot, 1027; Bull. t. 148, B, C; Bolton, t. 89; Among moss and dead leaves in woods, N. and D.

71. A. Georgii

With. iv. 281; Gr. Fl. Eds. 390; Sowerby, t. 304; Berwick Flora, ii. 175; In East Common Wood near Hexham, at Holy Island, and in the vicinity of Newcastle, N. Near Medomsley, Beamish, and Urpeth, also on the sea coast near Whitburn, D. On the links near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

72. A. campestris

Gr. Crypt, t. 161; With. iv. 285; Bolton, t. 45; Berwick Flora, ii. 173; Sowerby, t. 305; A. edulis Bull. t. 134 and 514; A. alutarius Persoon, Syn. 265; In meadows and pastures, frequent.

73. A. spadiceus

Persoon, Syn. 248; A. badius With. iv. 283; Schaeff. t. 245; Bolton, t. 38, f. 2; In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

74. A. sanguineus

Persoon, Syn. 289; Sowerby, t. 43; A. rubens Bolton, t. 36; With. iv. 284; In Fir plantations near Medomsley and Lanchester, D.

75. A. latus

With. iv. 287; Sowerby, 108; Berwick Flora, ii. 170; Bolton, t. 2; A. lividus Bull. t. 382. In fields near Heaton Dene by Goldspink Hall, also near Benwell, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

76. A. helvolus

Persoon, Syn. 273; Gr. Fl. Eds. 387; A. hinnuleus Sowerby, t. 173; A. fusco-flavus With. iv. 308; Berwick Flora, ii. 171; In Fir plantations at the Woodlands, and in Bradley and Lumley Woods, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

77. A. precox

Persoon, Syn. 420; A. candicans Schaeff. t. 217; A. durus With. iv. 290; Bolton, t. 67, f. 1; In Bradley and Gibside Woods, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

78. A. fertilis

Persoon, Syn. 328; A. phonosphermus Bull. t. 547 and 534; A. mammosus With. iv. 290; Bolton, t. 69; In Horsley and East Common Woods, N.

79. A. primula

With. iv. 295; Purton, iii. 215; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 87; In Fir plantations near Blanchland, N.

80. A. fibula

Sowerby, t. 45; Gr. Fl. Eds. 384; Persoon, Syn. 471; A. parvus With. iv. 294 var. 2; Bull. t. 519, 1, B, C; A. corticalis Sowerby, t. 243. Amongst moss in woods near Gibside, and in Axwell Park, also at Cold Rowley, D. At Wallington and in Felton Woods, N.

81. A. varius

With. iv. 297; Berwick Flora, ii. 179; A. clypeatus With. iv. 311; Lightfoot, 1020; Schaeff. t. 52; A. pseudo-clypeatus Bolton, t. 154; A. tenuis Bolton, t. 37; Bull. t. 320. On rotten wood in fields and hedge banks, N. and D.

82. A. galericulatus

Sowerby, t. 165; Gr. Fl. Eds. 382; Persoon, Syn. 376; A. varius With. iv. var. 2, 297. In woods and hedges near Newcastle, not rare, also in the county of Durham.

83. A. compressus

With. iv. 300; Gr. Fl. Eds. 278; Sowerby, t. 66; Persoon, Syn. 363; In pastures near Benwell and Denton, also in Fir plantations, N. and D.

84. A. purpurascens

With. iv. 302; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 87; Near Medomsley and Lamesley, D.

85. A. circumseptus

With. iv. 307; Batsch. t. 98; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 87; Near Gibside, Ravensworth, and Medomsley, D. In Horsley Wood, and Dilston Park, N.

86. A. teuer

With. iv. 307; Schaeff. 70; Sowerby, t. 33; Berwick Flora, ii. 179; Persoon. Syn. 386; Gr. Fl. Eds. 389; A. colus With. iv. 343; A. cuspidatus With. iv. 345; Bolton, t. 66, f. 2; In fields and pastures, common.

87. A. mutabilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 387; A. Xylophyllus Sowerby, t. 167; With. iv. 308; A. caudicinus Persoon, Syn. 271; In woods on the Derwent, D. In Heaton, Scotswood, and Walbottle Denes, N.

88. A. hypnorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 389; Berwick Flora, ii. 180; Persoon, Syn. 385; A. Hypni With. iv. 410; A. acicula Sowerby, t. 282. On the ground among moss, not rare, N. and D. In the plantation at Murton Crags, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

89. A. epiphyllus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 381; Berwick Flora, ii. 180; A. squamula Sowerby, t. 93. On dead leaves in woods, N. and D.

90. A. clavus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 380; Bolton, t. 39, B; Purton, iii. 236; Berwick Flora, ii. 180; Among moss in shady woods, N. and D.

91. A. Du-Boisii

Berwick Flora, ii. 180; Ray. Syn. i. 10, No. 54, t. 1, f. 2, a, a; On old moss-grown trees, particularly willows, near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

92. A. arundicola

Berwick Flora, ii. 181 t. 0, fig. inf; Parasitical on the stalks of the Sea Bent. On Spital Links, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

93. A. spinipes

Sowerby, t. 206; Berwick Flora, ii. 181; On decayed Fir cones, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

94. A. fimiputris

With. iv. 312; Berwick Flora, ii. 179; Bull. t. 66, var. 2; A. varius Bolton, t. 66, f. 1; A. helvolus Schaeff. t. 202. On dung-hills, frequent. also in gardens and meadows.

95. A. striatus

Sowerby, t. 106; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 88; On the stumps of willows near Winlaton Mill, D.

96. A. cinnamomeus

With. iv. 316; Sowerby, t. 205; Persoon, Syn. 297; Berwick Flora, ii. 171; Bolton, 150; A. croceus Persoon, Syn. 297; In Heaton Dene and East Common Wood, N. In Bradley Wood, and near Chester-le-Street, D.

97. A. roseus

With. iv. 317; Gr. Fl. Eds. 383; Sowerby, t. 72; Bull. t. 162; A. purus Persoon, Syn. 339; Near Medomsley and Bradley, in woods, D.

98. A. fissus

With. iv. 319; Bolton, t. 35; A. pascuus Persoon, Syn. 427; On the banks of Waskerley Bourn, D. In Felton Woods, N.

99. A. aurantius

With. iv. 320; Curt. Lond. t. 308; Berwick Flora, ii. 172; Bolton, t. 67, f. 2; Lightfoot, 1025; A. croccus Bull. t. 50 and 524, f. 3; A. conicus Schaeff. t. 2; Persoon, Syn. 335, δ; A. hyacinthus Batsch. 81, f. 28. In meadows and pastures near Newcastle, also on Holy Island, N. On the coast near South Shields, Whitburn, and Sunderland, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

100. A. ceraceus

With. iv. 323; Gr. Fl. Eds. 377; Sowerby, t. 20; Persoon, Syn. 337; In meadows and pastures, but not frequent.

101. A. psittacinus

With. iv. 323; Gr. Crypt, t. 74; Sowerby. t. 82; Berwick Flora, ii. 172; Schaeff. t. 301; Persoon, Syn. 335; A. chamaeleon Bull. 562, t. 545, f. 1; Earn, and De Cand. ii. 180. In meadows and pastures near Gateshead, Gibside, and Medomsley, D. On Holy Island, and near Belford, also about Newcastle, but not common, N.

102. A. aquosus

Bolton, t. 71, f. 1; A. cryptarum With. iv. 324 var. 1; On decayed wood not frequent. Near Medomsley, D. In Horsley and Felton Woods, N. Probably not a good species.

103. A. floccosus

With. iv. 326; Gr. Crypt, t. 2; Sowerby, t. 284; Schaeff. t. 61; A. squarrosus Persoon, Syn. 268; A. squamosus Bull. t. 266; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 101; In East Common, Horsley, and Heaton Woods, N. In Bradley Wood, Waskerley Dene, and near Chester-le-Street, D.

104. A. fascicularis

With. iv. 327; Gr. Crypt, t. 329; Persoon, Syn. 421; Bolton, t. 29; Sowerby, t. 285; Berwick Flora, ii. 177; A. pulverulentus Bull. t. 178; A. lateritius Schaeff. t. 49; exclude, f. 6. On decayed wood, common.

105. A. lateritius

Persoon, Syn. 421; Gr. Fl. Eds. 392; Berwick Flora, ii. 177; A. fascicularis With. iv. 328 var. 3; On the stumps of trees in a state of decay, N. and D.

106. A. semiglobatus

With. iv. 330; Gr. Crypt. t. 344; Persoon, Syn. 407; Sowerby, t. 248; Berwick Flora, ii. 178; A. glutinosus Curt. Lond. 1, t. 144; A. nitens Bull. t. 566, f. 4; A. virosus Sowerby. t. 407 and 408. In meadows and pastures, common.

107. A. procerus

With. iv. 331; Gr. Fl. Eds. 370; Sowerby. t. 190; Persoon, Syn. 257; Berwick Flora, ii. 181; Curt. Lond. t. 39; A. annulatus Lightfoot. 1025; A. columbrinus Bull. t. 78. In Gibside and Ravensworth woods, also near Lanchester, D. Near Blanchland, and in Horsley Wood, N.

108. A. clypeolarius

With. iv. 335; Gr. Fl. Eds. 370; Sowerby, t. 14; A. columbrinus Persoon, Syn. 258; On the borders of woods, N. and D.

109. A. cristatus

Gr. Crypt, t. 176; Bolton, t. 7; A. clypeolarius With. iv. 336 var. 3; In the county of Durham on the borders of woods, but not common. In Horsley and Felton Woods, N.

110. A. alliaceus

With. iv. 337; Gr. Fl. Eds. 382; Sowerby, t. 81; Purton, t. 11; A. porreus Persoon, Syn. 376; On decayed leaves in woods near Medomsley and Chester-le-Street, D. Near Blanchland and in Dilston Park, N.

111. A. piluliformis

With. iv. 339; Bull. t. 112; On the stumps of trees near Chirton, N.

112. A. micaceus

With. iv. 342; Gr. Crypt. 76; Bull. t. 565 and 246; A. congregatus With. iv. 341; Berwick Flora, ii. 183; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 23; Sowerby, t. 261; A. ferrugineus Persoon, Syn. 400; A. turbinatus With, iv. 339 var. 1; Oil the stumps of trees and gate posts, frequent.

113. A. flavipes

With. iv. 342; Persoon, Syn, 382; Sibthorp, 305; A. plicatus Schaeff. t. 31. In woods and denes, not rare, N. and D.

114. A. filopes

Bull, t.320; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 90; Near Medomsley, D. Near Wylam and Hexham, N.

115. A. atro-rufus

With. iv. 344; Bolton, t. 51, f. 1; Near Medomsley and Wolsingham, D. Near Denton and Stamfordham, N.

116. A. titubans

With. iv. 374; Gr. Fl. Eds. 393; Sowerby, t. 128; Persoon, Syn. 415; Bull. t. 425, f. 1; On horse and cow dung, not rare.

117. A. comatus

Gr. Crypt. t. 119; Persoon, Syn. 395; A. cylindricus With. iv. 347; Berwick Flora, ii. 182; Schaeff. t. 8; Sowerby, t. 189; A. fimetarius Bolton, t. 44; A. typhoides Bull. t. 16 and 582, f. 2; A. ovatus Schaeff. t. 7. In meadows, pastures, and by the banks of hedges, frequent.

118. A. lacrymabundus

With. iv. 350; Gr. Fl. Eds. 391; Sowerby, t. 41; A. veluinus Persoon, Syn. 409; In woods and by road sides, not rare.

119. A. reticulatus

With. iv. 350; A. phlebophorus Gr. Crypt, t. 173; In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, and near Fenham, N.

120. A. dryophyllus

With. iv. 351; Gr. Fl. Eds. 379; Sowerby, 1. 127; Persoon, Syn. 452; Bull. t. 6; A. repandus Bolton, t. 6; In Bradley and Longacre Woods, D. In meadows, pastures, and the borders of woods near Benwell, Fenham, and Kenton, N.

121. A. flavus

With. iv. 352; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 91; A. laceratus Bolton, t. 68; In Butsfield Dene, four miles east of Wolsingham, D. In woods at Felton, and below Stannington Bridge, N.

122. A. velutipes

With. iv. 354; Berwick Flora, ii. 177; Gr. Fl. Eds. 378; Curt. Lond. 4, t. 40; Sowerby, t. and 384, f. 3; Persoon, Syn. 314; A. nigripes Bull. t. 344. In woods and on the borders of fields, frequent.

123. A. atramentarius

Gr. Fl. Eds. 394; A. fimetarius Sowerby, t. 188; A. ovatus With. iv. 355; Curt. Lond. t. 101; Berwick Flora, ii. 183; A. plicatus Persoon, Syn. 396; About villages, and on dung hills, frequent.

124. A. disseminatus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 393; Persoon, Syn. 403; A. striatus Sowerby, t. 166; A. digitaliformis Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92; Bull. 525, f. 1. On decayed trunks of trees, common.

125. A. ephemerus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 395; Persoon, Syn. 406; Bull. 542, f. l, d; A. stercorarius Sowerby, t. 262; With, iv. 334; Berwick Flora, ii. 183; On dung, frequent.

126. A. radiatus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 395; Persoon, Syn. 407; Bolt. 39, C; A. ephemerus Bull. 542, in part; A. momentarius With. iv. 356; In meadows and pastures on dung.

127. A. cinercus

With. iv. 357; Gr. Fl. Eds. 394; Persoon, Syn. 398; A. pultatus Bolton, t. 20; A. fimetarius Hudson, 617; In gardens, meadows, and pastures, common.

128. A. campanulatus

With. iv. 357; Lightfoot, 1022; Robson, Syn. 322; A. striatus Bull. t. 552, f. 2. Near Medomsley and Gibside, D.

129. A. semiovatus

With. iv. 359; Gr. Fl. Scot. 392; Sowerby, t. 131; Persoon, Syn. 408; Berwick Flora, ii. 179; On dung in pastures, frequent.

130. A. plicatilis

With. iv. 359; Gr. Fl. Eds. 395; Sowerby, t. 364; Berwick Flora, ii. 184; Curt. Lond. t. 200; A. pulcher Persoon, Syn. 404; In gardens on dung.

131. A. exaratus

With. iv. 360; A. brunneus Schaeff. t. 32; A. campanulatus Bolton, t. 31; A. plicatus Bull. t. 80. Near Medomsley and Farnacres, D. Near Fenham. Benwell, and Denton, N.

132. A. chalybeus

Persoon, Syn. 343; A. columbarius Sowerby, t. 161; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92; Near Medomsley and Chester-le-Street, D. Near Stannington Bridge and Blagdon, N.

133. A. variabilis

Gr. Crypt, t. 235; Persoon, Syn. 483; A. sessilis Bull. t. 152 and 581, f. 3; With. iv. 362; A. niveus Sowerby, t. 97; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. 1, p. 17; A. flabelliformis Bolton, t. 72, f. 2; On rotten sticks in woods, not rare. In Scotswood, Walbottle, Horsley, Heaton, and East Common Woods, N. Near Gateshead Park, Ravensworth and Bolt's Hope, also in Beamish and Cawsey Woods, D.

134. A. ulmarius

Gr. Fl. Eds, 395; Sowerby, t. 67; Persoon, Syn. 473; On the trunks of trees in Horsley Wood, and in Dilston Park, N. At Urpeth, Beamish, and Tanfield, D.

135. A. ostrcatus

With. iv. 362; Gr. Fl. Eds. 396; Persoon, Syn. 477; Sowerby, t. 421; In Longacre Wood near Lamesley, on Chowdon Fell, and in Gibside and Lumley Woods, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. In East Common and Horsley Woods, also at Blagdon and Felton, N.

136. A. planus

With. iv. 465; Bolton, t. 72; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92; Sowerby, t. 362; On the ground in Gibside, Ravensworth, and Lumley Woods, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. In Walbottle Dene and Horsley Woods, N. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott.

137. A. conchatus

Bull. t. 298 and 517, o; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92; A. inconstans Persoon, Syn. 476; On trees near Medomsley and Lanchester, D. At Blagdon and Stannington Bridge, N.

138. A. flabelliformis

With. iv. 365; Sowerby, t 109; Schaeff. t. 208; Berwick Flora, ii. 184; A. stypticus Bull. t. 140; Persoon, Syn. 481; On trees near Medomsley and Wolsingham, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. In East Common Wood near Hexham, and Horsley Wood, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

139. A. lateralis

Bolton, t. 71, f. 2; A. flabelliformis With, iv. 366 var. 2; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92, var. 2; Near Gibside and Medomsley, D. In Walbottle Dene, and Felton, Blagdon, and Horsley Woods, N.

140. A. mollis

With. iv. 366; Gr. Fl. Eds. 396; Persoon, Syn. 480; Berwick Flora, ii. 184; Sowerby, t. 98; A. commentarius Schaeff. t. 213. On stumps of trees in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, also near Medomsley, D. In Walbottle Dene and near Denton, N. In a wine cellar in Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

141. A. ficoides

With. iv. 366; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 92; A. betulinus Bolton, t. 72, f. 1; In East Common and Horsley Woods, N. In Bradley Wood, D.

142. A. reniformis

With. iv. 367; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 93; A. flabelliformis Bolton, t. 157; On birch trees in Gibside Woods, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. In Horsley Wood and Dilston Park, N.

143. A. applicatus

With. iv. 368; Batsch. t. 24, f. 125; Sowerby, t. 301; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 93; A. epixylon Bull. 581, f. 2. In Longacre Wood near Lamesley, D. In Scotswood and Walbottle Denes, also in East Common Wood near Hexham, N.

144. A. Rotula

Gr. Fl. Eds. 381; Sowerby, t. 95; Persoon, Syn. 467; Merulius collariatus With. iv. 195; On dried sticks and dead leaves in woods, frequent.

145. A. umbelliferus

Bolton, t. 39, f. A; Lightfoot, 1026; Merulius umbelliferus With. iv. 193; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 80; Among rotten leaves in Benwell and Walbottle Denes, N. In Long-acre and Gibside Woods, D.

146. A. androsaccus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 381; Berwick Flora, ii. 173; Sowerby, t. 94; Lightfoot, 1027; Merulius androsaccus With. iv. 194; Agaricus epiphyllus Bull. t. 569, 2. On decayed leaves and Fir cones in Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N. In Long-acre and Lumley Woods, also near Ryton, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

147. A. epiphyllus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 381; Persoon, Syn. 468; Merulius squamula With. iv. 198; Agaricus squamula Sowerby, t. 93; Batsch. t. 17, f. 84; A. lacteas Bull. t. 601, f. 2. On the dead leaves of the Ivy, not uncommon.

148. A. foetidus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 382; Merulius foetidus With. iv. 198; Sowerby, t. 21. On the dead branches of trees in Gibside and Bradley Woods, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. In Heaton, Scotswood, Benwell, and Walbottle Denes, N.

149. A. cornucopioides

Bolton, t. 8; Purton, t. 12; A. cochleatus Persoon, Syn. 450; β, Merulius cornucopioides With, iv. 198; In Bradley and Gibside Woods, D. In Horsley and East Common Woods, N.

150. A. fuscus

A. ericetorum Merulius fuscus With. iv. 196; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 80; In Ravensworth Woods near Farnacres, D.

102. SCHIZOPHYLLUM

1. S. commune

Gr. Crypt. t. 61; Agaricus alneus With. iv. 370; Sowerby, t. 183; Schaeff. t. 246; Bull. t. 346 and 581, f. 1; Lightfoot, 1029; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 134; On trees in Horsley and East Common Woods, N. Near Hilton, Gibside, and Bradley, D.

103. CANTHARELLUS

1. C. cibarius

Gr. Crypt, t. 258; Berwick Flora, ii. 186; Merulius Cantharellus Purton, t. 10; Persoon, Syn. 488; With. iv. 196; Agaricus Cantharellus Bull. t. 62 and 505, f. 1; Sowerby, t. 46; A. Cantharellus Schaeff. t. 82; Bolton, t. 62; On decayed sticks in woods and plantations, N. and D.

2. C. Inteus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 397; Merulius lutescens Persoon, Syn. 489; Agaricus cantharelloides Sowerby, t. 47. In Bradley Wood near Medomsley, also in the neighbourhood of Darlington, D. In Horsley and Felton Woods, N.

3. C. cornucopioides

Merulcus purpureus With. iv. 199; M. cornucopioides Persoon, Syn. 491; Peziza cornucopioides Sowerby, t. 74. On the banks of the Derwent near Winlaton Mill, and in Bradley Wood, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. In Dilston Park, N.

4. C. cinereus

Merulius infundibuliformis With. iv. 199; Agaricus infundibuliformis Bolton, t. 34; In Bradley Wood, D. In Horsley Wood, Dilston Park, and near Stannington Bridge.

5. C. muscigenus

Merulius muscigenus With. iv. 199; Agaricus muscigenus Bull. t. 288. Near Ravensworth and Gibside, growing on moss, D. Near Blagdon, N.

6. C. lobalus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 397; Berwick Flora, ii. 186; Merulius membranaceus With. iv. 200; Helvetia membranacea Sowerby, t. 348; Bolton, t. 177; H. retiruga Bull. t. 498, f. 1; Merulius retirugus M. lobatus Persoon, Syn. 494; In East Common and Horsley Woods, N. Upon moss on Ravensworth Fell, and on boggy ground near the Wear in the neighbourhood of Chester-le-Street, D. From the county of Durham. — Bolton. On Tortula ruratis near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. Upon the same moss on Spittal Links, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

104. MERULIUS

1. M. lacrymans

Gr. Fl. Eds. 397; M. destruens Persoon, Syn. 496; Boletus lacrymans With. iv. 393; Sowerby, t. 113; B. arboreus On rotten wood generally in vaults and cellars. t. 346.

2. M. lamellosus

Sowerby, t. 403; In the wine cellars at Wallington, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

105. FISTULINA

1. F. hepatica

Gr. Crypt, t. 270; With. iv. 371; F. buglossoides Bull. t. 74, 464, 497; Boletus hepaticus Sowerby, t. 58; Bolton, t. 79; Schaeff. t. 116 and 120; Persoon, Syn. 549; On trees near Gibside, Beamish, and Cawsey, D. At Fenham, Longhorsley, and Blagdon, N.

106. DAEDALEA

1. D. quercina

Gr. Crypt, t. 238; Persoon, Syn. 500; Agaricus quercinus With. iv. 370; Sowerby, t. 181; Bolton, t. 73; Batsch. Fasc. i. 95. In Long-acre, Ravensworth, Gibside, and Cawsey Woods, D. In Horsley Wood and Walbottle Dene, also at Blagdon and Felton, N. Near Darlington, D Mr. E. Robson.

2. D. betulina

Agaricus betulinus With. iv. 368; Sowerby, t. 182; Bolton, t. 72, f. 1; In East Common and Horsley Woods, N. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

3. D. salicina

Polyporus salicinus Gr. Fl. Eds. 400; Boletus salicinus Sowerby, t. 227; Persoon, Syn. 530; With. iv. 391; Bull. t. 433, f. 1. On old willows near Gateshead and Saltwellside, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Fenham and Earsdon, also at Stannington Bridge, N.

4. D. suaveolens

Boletus suaveolens With. iv. 392; Sowerby, t. 288; Bull. t. 310; B. suberosus Bolton, t. 162; On willows near the Derwent at Swalwell, also near Little Eppleton and Castle Eden, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. Near Stannington Bridge and Bedlington, N.

5. D. confragosa

Persoon, Syn. 501; Boletus confragosus Bolton, t. 160; Boletus labyrinthiformis With. iv. 395; Bull. t. 491, f. 1. In Blagdon, East Common, and Horsley Woods, N. In Waskerley Dene, D. On willows Near Darlington, D. — Bolton.

6. D. albida

Purton. iii. 243, t. 38; Boletus albidus With. iv. 386; B. rugosus Sowerby, t. 422 ? ; On the ground near Benwell Lodge, and in Fenham grounds, N. Near Cawsey and Beamish, N.

7. D. angustata

Persoon, Syn. 502; Boletus angustatus Sowerby, t. 193; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 97; In Castle Eden and Ryhope Denes, D. Near Darlington, D — Sent to Sowerby by Mr. E. Robson. In Blagdon, Felton, and Belford Woods, N.

107. POLYPORUS

1. P. squamosus

Gr. Crypt, t. 107; Berwick Flora, ii. 158; Boletus squamosus With. iv. 388; Bolton, t. 77; Sowerby, t. 206; B. platyporus Persoon, Syn. 521; B. rangeferinus Bolton, t. 138; B. polymorphus Bull. t. 114; B. subsquamosus Batsch, t. 10, f. 41. On stumps of Ash trees near Gateshead, at Crow Hall near Heworth, and Saltwellside, D. In Heaton Dene, also at Gosforth, and near Fenham, N. In East Common Wood near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott.

2. P. varius

Gr. Fl. Eds. 399; Berwick Flora, ii. 157; Boletus varius Persoon, Syn. 523; P. badius Persoon, Syn. 523; B. variegatus Sowerby, t. 368; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 97; B. lateralis Hook. Fl. Scot. 27; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 95; Bolton, t. 83; With. iv. 390; B. nigripes With. iv. 381; B. nummularis With. iv. 380; Sowerby, t. 89; B. calceolus With. iv. 389; Bolton, 168; Bull, t. 360 and 445, f. 2. On the trunks of trees in Howns Wood near Medomsley, and in Cawsey and Gibside Woods, D. At Blagdon, Hartford Bridge, Horsley Wood, and in Dilston Park, N.

3. P. perennis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 389; Boletus perennis With. iv. 378; Sowerby, t. 192; Persoon, Syn. 518; Bolton, t. 87; B. fimbriatus Bull. t. 254. About the roots of trees in Cawsey and Howns Woods, and Near Darlington, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, also near Fenham, Denton, and Kenton, N.

4. P. lucidus

Gr. Crypt, t. 245; Boletus lucidus Persoon, Syn. 522; Sowerby, t. 134; B. rugosus With. iv. 386; B. obliquatus Bull. 335, t. 7 and 459. On the stumps of trees in Scotswood and Walbottle Denes, also near Blagdon and Bedlington, N. In Castle Eden Dene, and near Hetton and Lumley, D.

5. P. betulinus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 400; Crypt. t. 229; Boletus betulinus Sowerby, t. 212; Persoon, Syn. 535; With. iv. 387; Bolton, t. 159; In Schackerton Wood Near Darlington, D.— Bolton. In Wallington Woods, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In Horsley Wood and Walbottle Dene, N. In Cawsey, Gibside, and Ravensworth woods, D.

6. P. hispidus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 400; Crypt, t. 14; Persoon, Syn. 526; Boletus hispidus Lam. and De Cand. ii. 120; With. iv. 397; Bolton, t. 161; B. velutinus Sowerby, t. 345. Near Castle Eden and Hart, on the trunks of Beech trees, D. Near Darlington, on Oaks and Elms — Mr. E. Robson. At Fenham, Blagdon, and Stannington Bridge, N.

7. P. fomentarius

Gr. Fl. Eds. 400; Berwick Flora, ii. 159; Boletus fomentarius Sowerby, t. 1 33; Persoon, Syn. 536; With. iv. 401; On Birch trees in the woods near Corbridge and Hexham, N. Near Auckland and Durham.

8. P. igniarius

Gr. Fl. Eds. 401; Berwick Flora, ii. 158; Boletus igniarius Sowerby, t. 132; With. iv. 400; Persoon, Syn. 534; Bolton, t. 80; On old trees, particularly the Cherry. β near Medomsley, D. At Newburn and Denton, N.

9. P. caesius

Gr. Fl. Eds. 401; Boletus caesius Sowerby, t. 226; Persoon, Syn. 526; On Fir trees in a state of decay, N. and D.

10. P. velutinus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 401; Boletus velutinus With. iv. 399; Persoon, Syn. 539; B. lutescens 539; B. spongiosus With. iv. 393; On the trunks of trees, not rare. Near Seaton Delaval, N. Near Gateshead and Saltwellside, D, near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

11. P. versicolor

Gr. Fl. Eds. 402; Berwick Flora, ii. 160; Boletus versicolor With. iv. 394; Bolton, t. 81; Sowerby, t. 229; Persoon, Syn. 551; On the stumps of trees, rails, &c, common.

12. P. abietinus

Gr. Crypt, t. 226; Fl. Eds. 402; Hook. Lond. t. 180; Berwick Flora, ii. 160; Boletus abietinus With. iv. 396; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. iii. t. 9, f. 9; Purton. t. 13; Sistotrema violaceum Persoon, Syn. 551; On decayed Fir trees at Gibside, Fryerside, Cawsey, and Snow's Green near Shotley Bridge, D. Near Corbridge, Hexham, and Wylam, N. In woods Near Berwick, not rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

13. P. ferruginosus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 402; Boletus ferruginosus Persoon, Syn. 544; Gr. Crypt, t. 155; Hook. Lond. t. 163. On rotten logs of wood in damp places.

14. P. medulla-panis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 402; Berwick Flora, ii. 159; Boletus medulla-panis Persoon, Syn. 544; Bolton, t. 167 (the lower figure); With. iv. 391; Sowerby, t. 326. On trees in a state of decay in Heaton Wood and at Paradise, also in East Common Wood, N. In Gibside and Ravensworth woods, also Near Darlington, D. Near Berwick, N. — Dr. G.Johnston.

15. P. vulgaris

Gr. Fl. Eds. 403; Berwick Flora, ii. 160; Boletus proteus Bolton, t. 166; B. medulla-panis With. iv. 391 var. 2; On decayed wood near the ground, common.

16. P. ovinus

Boletus substrictus With. iv. 385; Bolton, t. 170; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 95; Near Darlington, D Mr. E. Robson.

17. P. cuticularis

Boletus cuticularis With. iv. 394; Bull. t. 462; B. alneus Persoon, Syn. 528; B. triqueter Persoon, Syn. 528; On the stumps of Alder trees, but not frequent.

18. P. cryptarum

Boletus cryptarum Persoon, Syn. 542; With. iv. 395; Bull. t. 478; Bolton, t. 165; Near Castle Eden and Easington, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. Near Bywell and Hexham, N.

19. P. frondosus

Boletus frondosus With. iv. 387; Sowerby, t. 87; Bolton, t. 76; On stumps of trees near Cawsey and Knitsley, D. Near Kenton, Gosforth, and Blagdon, N.

20. P. impuber

Boletus impuber Sowerby, t. 695; Bolton, t. 195; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 97; On decayed trees in woods on the Derwent, N. In East Common Wood near Hexham, Dilston Park, and Horsley Wood, on the Tyne, N.

21. P. ulmarius

Boletus ulmarius Sowerby, t. 31; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 97; In the hollow trunks of old Elms in Cawsey Wood, and at Saltwellside, D. At Fenham and Denton, also near Bedlington and Blagdon, N.

22. P. heteroclitus

Boletus heteroclitus Sowerby, t. 367; Bolton, t. 164; Persoon, Syn. 528; On the ground at the roots of trees at Castle Eden, Hetton and Painsher, D. Near DarlingtonMr. E. Robson. Near Kenton, and in the upper part of Heaton Dene, N.

23. P. sulphureus

Gr. Crypt, t. 113; Boletus sulphureus Bull. t. 429; Sowerby, t. 135; With. iv. 397; B. tenax Bolton, t. 75; Lightfoot, 1031; B. citrinus Persoon, Syn. 524; B. ramosus Bull. t. 418. On trunks of trees in Horsley Hope Dene, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. At Fenham, Benwell, and Heaton, N.

108. BOLETUS

1. B. luteus

Gr. Crypt, t. 183; Sowerby, t. 265; Berwick Flora, ii. 156; Schaeff: t. 114; With. iv. 382; B. annularius Bolton, t. 169; Bull. t. 332; B. flavus With. iv. 384; In plantations and pastures near Butsfield, Greencroft, Medomsley, and in Bradley Wood, D. — Near Corbridge and Warden, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. B. bovinus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 403; B. gregarius With. iv. 382; In Fir plantations at Medomsley, the Woodlands and Greencroft, D. In similar situations on the edge of the Northumberland moors.

3. B. piperatus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 404; Sowerby, 34; Persoon, Syn. 507; Bull. t. 451; With. iv. 380; In woods, thickets, and denes, not rare.

4. B. subtomentosus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 404; With. iv. 379; Persoon, Syn. 506; Berwick Flora, ii. 156; B. communis Bull. 490, f. 3; Schaeff. t. 112 and 133. In woods and plantations, not rare.

5. B. luridus

Gr. Crypt, t. 121; Schaeff. t. 107; Persoon, Syn. 512; B. rubeolarius Bull. t. 100 and 490, f. 1; Persoon, Syn. 512; Sowerby, t. 250; With. iv. 379; B. bovinus Bolton, t. 85; Near Sherburn, Greencroft, Castle Eden, and at Baydales near Darlington, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

6. B. constrictus

Persoon, Syn. 508; B. cyanescens Bull. t. 369; With. iv. 374; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 93; On the edge of the wood near Hamsterley, and in Gibside Woods, D. Near Stannington Bridge and Gosforth, N.

7. B. edulis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 404; Persoon, Syn. 510; Sowerby, t. 111; With. iv. 381; B. elephantinus With. iv. 381; In Gibside, Ravensworth, Longacre, and Bradley Woods, D. In Scotswood and Heaton Denes, N.

8. B. subfuscus

With. iv. 373; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 93; In Seggerston Wood and Waskerley Dene, D. Probably a variety of B. edulis.

9. B. scaber

Gr. Fl. Eds. 405; Persoon, Syn. 505; Berwick Flora, ii. 156; Sowerby, t. 175; B. aurantiacus Sowerby, t. 110; With. iv. 375; Bull. t. 236 and 489, f. 2, R. S. In Gibside, Ravensworth, Hamsterley, and Medomsley Woods, also near Sherburn and Darlington, D. In Scotswood, Denton, and Walbottle Denes, N.

10. B. castaneus

Persoon, Syn. 509; Bull. t. 328; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 94; In Fir plantations at Butsfield, Lanchester, and Gibside, D. In Dilston Park, and near Corbridge, N.

109. SISTOTREMA

1. S. confluens

Gr. Crypt, t. 248; Fl. Eds. 405; Persoon, Syn. 551; Hydnum sublamellosum Bull. t. 453, f. 1; Sowerby, t. 112. In Fir plantations at Butsfield, D. In Dilston Park N.

2. S. cinercum

Persoon, Syn. 551; Boletus unicolor Bull. t. 501, f. 3; Bolton, t. 163; With, iv. 396; Sowerby, t. 325. In East Common Wood, Scotswood and Heaton Denes, also near Bywell, N. In Howns, Longacre, Bradley, and Gibside Woods, D. At Baydales Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

3. S. cerasi

Persoon, Syn. 552; On the branches of the Plum and Cherry, N. and D.

4. S. spatulatum

Persoon, Syn. 553; Hydnum spatulatum Gr. Fl. Eds. 406; On prostrate trunks of trees, not rare.

110. HYDNUM

1. H. repandum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 405; Crypt, t. 44; Sowerby, t. 176; Berwick Flora, ii. 162; Bolton, t. 89; With. iv. 403; Persoon, Syn. 555; Bull. t. 172; H. rufescens Schaeff. t. 141. In East Common Wood, and woods near Corbridge, N. In Bradley and Cawsey Woods, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

2. H. Auriscalpium

Gr. Fl. Eds. 406; Crypt, t. 196; Berwick Flora, ii. 162; Schaeff. t. 143; Bull. t. 481; With. iv. 401; Persoon, Syn. 557; Lightfoot, 1042; On the cones of Pinus sylvestris in Raby Park, also near Darlington, D. At Benwell and Blagdon, N. In East Common Wood near Hexham. — Mr. F. Scott, Sp. In woods at Wallington.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the vicinity of Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. H. Erinaceus

Bull. t. 34; Dick. Crypt. Fasc. ii. 24; With. iv. 404; Persoon, Syn. 560; In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

4. H. ? Barba Jovis

With. iv. 405; Sowerby, t. 328; Bull. 481, f. 2; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 98; On the under side of decayed wood. Near Castle Eden and Hetton, D. At Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. In Felton Woods, and near Longhorsley, N.

111. THELEPHORA

1. T. laciniata

Gr. Crypt, t. 264; Persoon, Syn. 567; Auricularia caryophyllaea Sowerby, t. 213; Helvella caryophyllacea Bolton, 173; Merulius caryophyllaceus With. iv. 200; T. caryophyllaea Gr. Fl. Eds. 406; On stumps of trees in Howns, Bradley, and Gibside Woods, D. Near Benwell, Fenham, and Denton, N. On Hexham Fell, N.— Mr. F. Scott.

2. T. terrestris

Gr. Fl. Eds. 400; Persoon, Syn. 506; In Fir plantations, but not frequent. In Twizell Dene, N. — Mrs. Selby, Sps. from Dr. G. Johnston.

112. AURICULARIA

1. A. ferruginea

With. iv. 410; Berwick Flora, ii. 161; Bull. t. 378; Sowerby, t. 26; Bolton, t. 82, d; Thelephora rubiginosa Gr. Fl. Eds. 408; Persoon, Syn. 567; On decayed wood, not rare. In East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N.

2. A. nicotiana

With. iv. 410; Bolton, t. 174; A. tabacina Sowerby, t. 25; Thelephora ferruginea Persoon, Syn. 569; On wood in a state of decay, not rare, N. and D. Near Darlington Robson.

3. A. corylea

Berwick Flora, ii. 161; Thelephora corylea Gr. Fl. Eds. 408; On dead Hazel trees, sent to Dr. G. Johnston, from the neighbourhood of Wooler, N., by J. Mitchell, Esq.

4. A. papyrina

With. iv. 410; Sowerby, t. 349; Bull. t. 402; Thelephora laevis Persoon, Syn. 575; On pales near Staindrop, also near Medomsley, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

5. A. corticalis

With. iv. 410; Berwick Flora, ii. 161; Bull. t. 436, f. 1; Thelophora quercina Gr. Crypt. 1. 142; Persoon, Syn, 573; On dead branches of the Oak, not rare, N and D. In Wellington Woods, N.

6. A. cinerea

Sowerby, t. 388, f. 3; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 99; On the dead branches of trees. Probably a variety of A. corticalis.

7. A. refexa

With. iv. 412; Gr. Crypt. t. 256; Berwick Flora, ii. 161; Bull. t. 274; Sowerby, t. 27; Boletus auriformis Bolton, t. 82, f. C; Thelephora hirsuta Persoon, Syn. 570; On the dead branches of trees, posts, and paling, abundant.

8. A. fraxinea

Thelephora fraxinea Gr. Fl. Eds. 410; T. cinerea Persoon, Syn. 580; On dead branches of the Ash, frequent.

9. A. tremelloides

With. iv. 412; Bull. t. 290; A. corrugata Sowerby, t. 290; Helvella mescuterica Bolton, 1. 172; Thelephora mesenterica Persoon, Syn. 571; T. purpurea Persoon, Syn. 571; On rotten wood, not rare, N. and D. On the Bedey Hills, abundant. and in East Common Wood, N.

10. A. elegans

Sowerby, t. 412; Purton, t. 6; On Ash trees in Longacre Wood, D.

11. A. laevis

Sowerby, t. 388, f. 2; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 99; Thelephora hepatica Fr. iv. 11, p. 19. In East Common Wood and Walbottle D.

12. A. intybacca

Thelephora intybacca Persoon, Syn. 567; Gr. Fl. Eds. 407; Near the ground on stumps of trees.

13. A. persistens

Sowerby, t. 388, f. 1; Thelephora purpurea Persoon, Syn. 571; Gr. Fl. Eds. 407; On stumps of trees, gate posts, &c.

14. A. corylea

Thelephora corylea Gr. Fl. Eds. 408; T. rugosa Persoon, Syn. 569; On dead Hazel sticks in woods, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

15. A. ochracea

Thelephora ochracea Gr. Fl. Eds. 408; On decayed trees, not rare.

16. A. Corium

Thelephora Corium Gr. Crypt. t. 147; Persoon, Syn. 574; Gr. Fl. Eds. 409; On dead branches in Walbottle Dene, N.

17. A. quercina

Thelephora quercina Gr. Fl. Eds. 409; Persoon, Syn. 573; On dead branches of the Oak, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

18. A. Padi

Thelephora Padi Gr. Crypt, t. 234; On dead branches of the Bird Cherry, Oak, and Hazel, N. and D.

19. A. sanguinolenta

Thelephora sanguinolenta Gr. Fl. Eds. 409; Crypt, t. 225; On the trunks of Fir trees, not uncommon. At Benwell and Fenham, N. At Lanchester and the Woodlands, D.

20. A. sinuans

Thelephora sinnans Gr. Fl. Eds. 409; On the branches of old Oak trees, N. and D.

21. A. Tiliae

Thelephora Tiliae Gr. Fl. Eds. 410; On dead branches of the Lime, not rare.

22. A. epidermea

Thelephora epidermea Gr. Fl. Eds. 410; On dead branches of trees, N. and D.

23. A. incrustans

Thelephora incrustans Gr. Fl. Eds. 410; Persoon, Syn. 577; T. sebacea Persoon, Syn. 577; On the mossy trunks of trees, not rare.

24. A. calcea

Thelephora calcea Gr. Fl. Eds. 411; Persoon, Syn. 581; On decayed trees, frequent.

25. A. Sambuci

Thelephora Sambuci Gr. Fl. Eds. 411; Crypt, t. 242; On dead trunks of the Elder near Team and Field House, D. Near Benwell and Denton, N.

113. MARISMA

1. M. cristatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 411; Persoon, Syn. 583; Clavaria laciniata Sowerby, t. 158; With. iv. 436; In Walbottle and Denton Denes, N. In Cawsey, Longacre, Ravensworth, and Bradley Woods, D.

2. M. foetidum

Gr. Crypt. t. 46; Clavaria anthrocephala With. iv. 437; Bull. t. 452, f. 1; Sowerby, t. 156. On decayed leaves and sticks in Ravensworth woods, D. In East Common Wood and Scotswood dene, N.

114. CLAVARIA

1. C. cristata

Gr. Crypt. t. 190; Persoon, Syn. 591; C. albida Schaeff. t. 170. In Ravensworth and Longacre Woods, D. In Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N.

2. C. pratensis

Gr. Fl. Scot. 412; Persoon, Syn. 590; Berwick Flora, ii. 154; C. fastigiata Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 29; Bull. t. 538; With. iv. 438; In meadows and pastures, and on the borders of woods.

3. C. corniculata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 412; Persoon, Syn. 589; Schaeff. t. 173; C. muscoides Sowerby, t. 157; Bolton, t. 114; Bull. t. 351, f. A. B; With. iv. 339; In Gibside, Bradley, and Longacre Woods, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

4. C. abictina

Gr. Fl. Eds. 412; Persoon, Syn. 589; Gr. Crypt. t. 117; In the Fir plantations at Butsfield, D. In Blagdon Woods, N.

5. C. coralloides

Gr. Fl. Eds. iv. 412; Sowerby, t. 278, upper figure; Berwick Flora, ii. 154; Bull. t. 222 and 496, f. 3; Bolton, t. 113, a. b. d; At Farnacres near Ravensworth, and in Bradley Wood, D. Near Benwell and Denton, N.

6. C. rugosa

Gr. Crypt, t. 328; Bull. t. 448, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 594; Berwick Flora, ii. 154; C. coralloides Sowerby, t. 278, the lower figure; C. elegans Bolton, t. 115; With. iv. 436. Near Beamish, Medomsley, and in Bradley Woods, D. In Heaton, Scotswood, and Walbottle Denes, N.

7. C. cristata

Gr. Crypt, t. 190; Fl. Eds. 413; Persoon, Syn. 591; Berwick Flora, ii. 154; C. albida Schaeff. t. 170. In Ravensworth, and Longacre Woods, D. In Heaton, Denton, and Scotswood Denes, N.

8. C. cinerea

Gr. Crypt, t. 64; Fl. Eds. 413; Bull. t. 354; Persoon, Syn. 586; C. grisca Persoon, Syn. 586; C. coralloides With. iv. 438, var. 6; In woods and on the borders of fields, but not very common, N. and D.

9. C. cornea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 413; Persoon, Syn. 596; Sowerby, t. 40; Batsch. t. 28 f. 161; C. aculeiformis Bull. t. 463, f. 4. On decaying Fir trees, common.

10. C. herculanca

With. iv. 432; Sowerby, t. 277; C. pistillaris Bull. t. 244; Schaeff. t. 169; Batsch. t. 11 f. 46; In Bradley Wood, and on the shady hank of a hedge near Gateshead, D. In Fenham Woods, and near Benwell Hall, N.

11. C. inaequalis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 414; C. vermiculata Sowerby, t. 253; Berwick Flora, ii. 153; In meadows and pastures, frequent.

12. C. helvola

Gr. Fl. Eds. 414; Persoon, Syn. 598; In meadows and pastures.

13. C. vermicularis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 414; C. vermiculata Berwick Flora, ii. 153 β; Persoon, Mycol. i. 184 ; In meadows and pastures.

14. C. fragilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 414; Crypt, t. 37; C. eburnea Persoon, Syn. 603; C. gracilis Sowerby, t, 232; C. cylindrica Bull. t. 463, f. 1. On the borders of woods, and in meadows and pastures.

15. C. pistillaris

With. iv. 434; C. fistulosa Bull. t. 463, I, A. L. M. In meadows and pastures, not rare. At Stoney-flat near Gateshead, and at Cocken, D. Near Denton, Benwell, and Heddon-on-the-Wall, N.

16. C. fuciformis

Persoon, Syn. 601; Sowerby, t. 234; In meadows and pastures, not rare. On the Wind mill Hills near Gateshead, D.

17. C. pencillata

Bull. t. 448, f. 3; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 105; In Bradley Wood, D. In Blagdon Woods, N.

18. C. militaris

With. iv. 431; Linn. Sp. Pl. 1652; Hudson, 638 No. 2; Sphaeria militaris Sowerby, t. 60; Bolton, t. 128; Purton, t. 23; Among moss in bogs, not rare, N. and D.

115. HELOTIUM

1. H. coccincum

Persoon, Syn. 11; Sphaeria miniata Bolton, t. 127, f. 1; S. tremelloides With, iv. 465; Clavaria coccinea Sowerby, t. 294. On rotten sticks in woods, not rare. In Heaton Wood, and Scotswood, N.

116. TYPHULA

1. T. phacorhiza

Gr. Syn. 25, 1; Phacorhiza filiformis Gr. Crypt, t. 93; Clavaria phacorphiza Sowerby, t. 253; Persoon, Syn. 607; With. iv. 430; Near Hetton and Castle Eden, on dead leaves, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

2. T. erythropus

Gr. Syn. 25, 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 152; Phacorhiza erythropus Gr. Crypt. t. 43; Clavaria erythropus Sowerby, t. 606; C. gyrans With. iv. 430; Bolton, t. 112; On dead leaves and sticks at Farnacres near Ravensworth and Gibside D. In Heaton Wood, and near Fenham, N. On decayed straws in the Dene above Twizell Bridge, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

117. GEOGLOSSUM

1. G. hirsutum

Gr. Crypt, t. 185; Fl. Eds. 416; Persoon, Syn. 608; Clavaria ophioglossoides With. iv. 435; Sowerby, t. 83; Berwick Flora, ii. 153; Schaeff. t. 327. Near Medomsley and Darlington, D. In East Common, Heaton, and Scotswood, N.

2. G. viscosum

Gr. Crypt, t. 55; Fl. Eds. 416; Persoon, Syn. 609; In moist meadows near Ravensworth and Gibside, D. Near Fenham and Denton, N.

3. G. viride

Gr. Crypt, t. 211; Persoon, Syn. 610; Near Oakwood and Horsley Wood, on the banks of Tyne, N.

118. LEOTIA

1. L. uliginosa

Gr. Crypt, t. 312; Fl. Eds. 416; L. Ludwigii Persoon, Syn. 611 t. 3, f. 13; L. Bulliardi Syn. 612; L. Dicksoni Syn. 612; L. laricina Syn. 614; Clavaria epiphylla Dick. Crypt. t. 9, f. 10; With. iv. 430; Sowerby, t. 293. Among dead leaves near Medomsley, and in Longacre Wood, also near Lumley Castle, D. At Fenham, Denton, Blagdon, and Horsley Wood, N.

2. L. lubrica

Gr. Crypt. t. 56; Persoon, Syn. 613; Berwick Flora, ii. 154; Helvella gelatinosa Bull. t. 473, f. 2; Sowerby, t. 70; With. iv. 407; Among dead leaves in Walbottle Dene, N. In woods at Hilton and Lumley Castle, D. In the neighbourhood of Berwick, N., rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. L. Mitrula

Gr. Crypt, t. 81; Persoon, Syn. 611; Clavaria ferruginea Sowerby, t. 84. In Fir plantations at Butsfield, D. Near Corbridge and Hexham, N.

119. SPATULARIA

1. S. flavida

Gr. Crypt, t. 165; Persoon, Syn. 610; Helvella spatulata Sowerby, t. 35; H. feritoria Bolton, t. 96; Clavaria spatulata With. iv. 431; Elvella clavata Schaeff. t. 149. In woods near Butsfield, Lanchester, and Medomsley, D. Near DarlingtonMr. E. Robson. Near Wylam and Ovingham, N.

120. HELVELLA

1. H. Mitra

Gr. Crypt, t. 86; Fl. Eds. 417; Bull. t. 190 and 466; Persoon, Syn. 615; With. iv. 406; Elvella nigricans Schaeff. t. 154; E. monacella t. 162. On the ground near Kibblesworth, and in Gibside, Cocken, and Lumley Woods, D. Near Stannington Bridge and Hartford, N.

2. H. leucophaea

Gr. Crypt, t. 143; Fl. Eds. 417; H. Mytra Sowerby, t. 39; Bull. t. 466; fulva 1. c; H. albida Schaeff. t. 282. In woods at Ravensworth and Beamish, D. Near DarlingtonMr. E. Robson. In woods at Fenham, Blagdon, and Wylam, N.

3. H. fuliginosa

With. iv. 409; Sowerby, t. 154; H. Mitra Bolton, t, 95; H. elastica Bull. f. 242; Elvella fuliginosa Schaeff. t. 320. In Gibside and Longacre Woods, D. In woods by the Coquet at Felton, N.

4. H. plana

With. iv. 409; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 98; H. planus Hudson, 633; In Longacre Wood, and Gibside Woods, D. Probably not a good species.

121. MORCHELLA

1. M. esculenta

Gr. Crypt, t. 68; Fl. Eds. 417; Persoon, Syn. 618; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 213; Berwick Flora, ii. 155; Phallus esculentus With. iv. 428; Bull. t. 218; Bolton, t. 91; Helvetia esculenta Sowerby, t. 51, the left hand fig. Near Ryton, Prudhoe Castle, Medomsley, Gibside, Chester-le-Street, Cocken, and Darlington, also in Weardale and Teesdale, D. Near Wylam and Corbridge, also in East Common Wood N. Near Mitford on the Wansbeck, and near Twizell House. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. In the neighbourhood of Berwick, N., rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. M. hybrida

Gr. Fl. Eds. 418; Crypt, t. 89; Persoon, Syn. 620; Helvetia hybrida Sowerby, t. 238; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 98; Near Darlington, D. Sent to Sowerby by Mr. E. Robson. In Cocken and Lumley Woods, D.

122. PHALLUS

1. P. foetidus

Gr. Crypt, t. 213 and 214; Fl. Eds. 418; Sowerby, t. 329; Berwick Flora, ii. 155; P. impudicus Bull. t. 182; Bolton, t. 92; Schaeff. t. 196, 8; With. iv. 428; Persoon, Syn. 243; Near Hexham, Wallington, Wylam, Heaton, and Jesmond, N. In Castle Eden Dene Near Darlington, Cocken, Beamish, Urpeth, and the woods on the Derwent, D.

2. P. caninus

With. iv. 429; Curt. Lond. t. 235; Sowerby, t. 300; Persoon, Syn. 245; Schaeff. t. 330; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 103; On an old stone fence in the Spital Grounds near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott, Sp. In plantations near Corbridge, N.

123. PEZIZA

1. P. inquinans

Persoon, Syn. 631; Bull. t. 460, f. 1; Schaeff. t. 158; P. polymorpha Lightfoot, 1055; P. nigra Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 102; In Ravensworth Wood near Farnacres, D. In Walbottle, Denton, and Heaton Denes, N.

1. P. sarcoides

Persoon, Syn. 633; Gr. Fl. Eds. 423; P. turbinata Persoon, Syn. 634; On the trunk of an old Ash tree near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

3. P. campanulata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 423; Berwick Flora, ii. 151; On dead twigs in woods, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. P. cinerea

Persoon, Syn. 634; With. iv. 425; Sowerby, t. 64; Batsch. Obs. 80, f. 107; On stumps of trees, not rare, N. and D. In Bradley Wood, D. In fields west of Hexham, N.

5. P. albida

With. iv. 419; Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. iii. t. 9, f. 11; In Dilston Park, East Common Wood, and Walbottle Dene, N.

6. P. aurea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 424; Persoon, Syn. 635; P. chrysocoma Sowerby, t. 150; With. iv. 421; Bull. t. 376, f. 2. On decayed wood in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. In Heaton and Scotswood Denes, also near Blagdon and Stannington Bridge, N.

7. P. aurantia

Gr. Fl. Eds. 418; Persoon, Syn. 637; P. coccinea Sowerby, t. 78; Bull. t. 474; With. iv. 417 var. 2; Helvella coccinea Bolton, t. 100; On rotten sticks in woods near Newcastle, N. and D.

8. P. leparina

Persoon, Syn. 637; Schaeff. 156; Batsch. 117; In Fir plantations, N. and D.

9. P. onotica

Persoon, Syn. 637; P. leporina Sowerby. t. 79. On dead leaves of the Beach, rare, N. and D.

10. P. vesiculosa

With. iv. 423; Gr. Fl. Eds. 419; Crypt, t. 107; Sowerby, t. 4; Persoon, Syn. 641; Bull. t. 457; P. turbinata Persoon, Syn. 636; Helvella vesiculosa Bolton, t. 175; In Horsley and East Common Woods, in Dilston Park, in Heaton Dene, and near Fenham, N. In Gibside and Ravensworth woods, and near Team, D.

11. P. umbrina

Gr. Fl. Eds. 419; Persoon, Syn. 638; P. cochleata Sowerby, t. 5; With. iv. 420; Bolton, t. 99; Bull. t. 154. On the ground near Sheepcote, Medomsley, Urpeth, and Chester-le-Street, D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. E. Robson. In East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N.

12. P. repanda

Gr. Crypt, t. 59; Fl. Eds. 419; Under Beach trees in Heaton Wood, N.

13. P. stipitata

Hudson, 636; With. iv. 414; Bull. t, 457; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 100; P. micropus Gr. Fl. Eds. 419; Crypt. Fl. t. 76; Persoon, Syn. 645; Helvella hispida Bolton, t. 97; Schaeff. t. 167; In Longacre and Hilton Woods, D. In Benwell and Scotswood Denes, N.

14. P. minutula

With. iv. 415; P. spadicea Batsch. 39, 217. In Heaton Dene near the Busy Cottage, N.

15. P. cupularis

With. iv. 415; Bull. t. 369, f. 3; In Dilston Park and Oak Wood, N.

16. P. radicata

With. iv. 415; Bull. t. 485, f. 2; Near Castle Eden and Hetton, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

17. P. sulphurea

Gr. Crypt. t. 83; Fl. Eds. 420; Persoon, Syn. 649; On decaying stems of herbaceous plants.

18. P. nidulus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 420; Berwick Flora, ii. 149; On the decayed stems of large herbaceous plants near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

19. P. Hydnoidea

Sowerby, t. 178; Berwick Flora, ii. 150; P. sulphurea Persoon, Syn. 649?; Near Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

20. P. scutellata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 423; Sowerby, t. 24; Persoon, Syn. 650; Berwick Flora, ii. 148; With. iv. 422; Bolton, t. 108; Bull. t. 10 and 438, 2; Batsch. t. 54; On rotten wood and old cow-dung, frequent.

21. P. granuliformis

Persoon, Syn. 651; Gr. Fl. Eds. 421; Berwick Flora, ii. 149; P. sessilis Sowerby, t. 389, f. 1; P. villosa Persoon, Syn. 655; On the decayed stems of herbaceous plants, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

22. P. coccinea

Gr. Crypt. t. 171; Fl. Eds. 421; With. iv. 417; Berwick Flora, ii. 152; Bolton, t. 104; Persoon, Syn. 652; P. epidendra Bull. t. 467; Sowerby, t. 13; P. cyathoides Lightfoot, 1052 (in part); On rotten sticks in woods near Newcastle, not rare, N. and D. In Twizell Dene, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

23. P. melastoma

Sowerby, t. 149; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 100; On sticks in East Common Wood near Hexham, N. — Mr. F. Scott, Sp.

24. P. calyciformis

With. iv. 413; Batsch. 135; In Dilston Park and East Common Wood, N.

25. P. virginea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 421; Persoon, Syn. 653; Berwick Flora, ii. 152; P. nivea Sowerby, 1. 65; With, iv. 413; P. lactca Bull. t. 376, f. 3. On rotten sticks in Bradley Wood, D. In Heaton and Walbottle Denes, also in Dilston Park and East Common Wood, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. P. pulchella

Persoon, Syn. 653; Berwick Flora, ii. 149; P. bicolor Bull. t. 410; Sowerby, t. 17; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 100; On rotten sticks in woods near Newcastle, N. and D. On the Furze near Berwick upon Tweed.— Dr. G. Johnston.

27. P. clandestina

Persoon, Syn. 653; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 83; Berwick Flora, ii. 149; Bull. t. 416, f. 5; On dead branches of the Willow, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

28. P. fusca

Gr. Crypt t. 192; Persoon, Syn. 657; On the dead branches of trees in woods near Newcastle.

29. P. inflexa

With. iv. 418; Gr. Fl. Eds. 422; Sowerby, t. 306; Bolton, t. 106, f. 2; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 100; P. coronilla Persoon, Mycol. i. 287. In Gibside and Bradley Woods, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. In Castle Eden and Ryhope Denes, D.

30. P. ochroleuca

With. iv. 418; Gr. Fl. Eds. 422; Sowerby, t. 115; Berwick Flora, ii. 151; Bolton, t. 105, f. 1; P. Firma Persoon, Syn. 658; On rotten sticks in Longacre Wood, also near Healeyfield Lead Mine, D. In Heaton Dene, N.

31. P. infundibulum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 423; Persoon, Mycol. i. 279; P. calyculus With. iv. 418; Sowerby, t. 116; Persoon, Syn. 660; Batsch. 57; Bull. t. 416, f. 3. In Scotswood dene, East Common Wood, and Dilston Park, N.

32. P. fructigena

Gr. Fl. Eds. 422; Sowerby, t. 117; Bull. t. 228; Batsch. 150; With. iv. 419; Persoon, Syn. 660; In woods on Nuts, Acorns, and Beach-mast, N. and D.

33. P. serotina

Persoon, Syn. 661; Helvetia cartilogina With. iv. 407; Bolton, t. 101, f. 1; In Oak Wood and Scotswood dene, N.

34. P. cartilagina

Sowerby, t. 369, f. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 148; P. scutellata With. iv. 388 var. 2; Among moss on clay banks near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

35. P. aeruginea

Gr. Crypt, t. 241; Persoon, Syn. 663; Berwick Flora, ii. 151; Helvetia aeruginea Sowerby, t. 347; With. iv. 409; Persoon, Syn. 617; On half-rotten wood, not rare. In Long-acre Wood, D. In Heaton Dene and Wellington Woods, N. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston. This Peziza, as well as the decayed wood on which it grows, is of a verdigris green colour. To ascertain the nature of this colouring matter, Mr. W.C. Trevelyan is at present engaged in a series of chemical experiments, the result of which will appear in the Society's Transactions.

36. P. citrina

Gr. Fl. Eds. 424; Persoon, Syn. 663; Berwick Flora, ii. 150; P. aurea Sowerby, t. 150; Helvetia aurea Bolton, t. 98, f. 2; With. iv. 408; On rotten sticks in woods, N. and D. In Bradley Wood, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

37. P. pallescens

Persoon, Syn. 664; Berwick Flora, ii. 151; On dead twigs in woods, N. and D. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

38. P. faginea

Persoon, Syn. 664; Berwick Flora, ii. 150; On the fruit of the Beech near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

39. P. atra

Persoon, Syn. 669; Berwick Flora, ii. 148; On the stalks of large Herbaceous plants near Newcastle, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

40. P. immersa

Sowerby, t. 369, f. 9; Berwick Flora, ii. 148; On rotten wood, gate posts, &c., N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

41. P. nigra

Berwick Flora, ii. 148; Bulgaria inquinans Bot. Gall. ii. 738. On dead Ash trees near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

42. P. hispida

With. iv. 424; Sowerby, t. 147; Bull. t. 204; Schaeff. t. 151; In Fir plantations near Butsfield, Medomsley, and in Bradley Wood, D. In Dilston Park, East Common, and Korsley Woods, N.

43. P. polymorpha

With. iv. 425; Sowerby, t. 428; Batsch. t. 50; Bull. t. 116 and 460, f. 1; Schaeff. 158; Near Wylam and Walbottle, N. Near Darlington and Barnardcastle, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

44. P. albo-violascens

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 504; Berwick Flora, ii. 149; On dead branches of the Furze, near Berwick. — Dr. Johnston.

45. P. plumbea

Gr. Crypt, t. 11; Berwick Flora, ii. 150; On rotten wood and sticks, not rare. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

46. P. punctiformis

Gr. Crypt, t. 63; On dead Oak and Beach leaves.

47. P. crumpens

Gr. Crypt, t. 99; On the decaying leaf-stalks of the Sycamore.

48. P. reticulata

Gr. Crypt, t. 156; On the ground near Fenham, N.

124. ASCOBOLUS

1. A. furfuraceus

Gr. Crypt, t. 307; Fl. Eds. 426; Persoon, Syn. 676; Peziza stercoraria Bull. t. 376; Sowerby, t. 18 and 389; With. iv. 421; P. fusca Bolton, t. 109, f. 2; P. atra Hudson, 639; With. iv. 426; On cow-dung, frequent.

125. STRICTIS

1. S. radiata

Gr. Crypt, t. 227; Peziza strictis radiata Persoon, Syn. 674; P. marginata With. iv. 419; Sowerby, t. 16. On sticks in Bradley and Gibside Woods, D. In Heaton, Scotswood, and Walbottle Denes, N.

126. CENANGIUM

1. C. ferruginosum

Gr. Syn. 20; Fries, iv. t. 197; Peziza Abietis Persoon, Syn. 671; Berwick Flora, ii. 147; P. cervina Persoon, Syn. 647; On the small branches of the Scotch Fir, frequent.

127. TYMPANIS

1. T. conspersa

Gr. Syn. 20; Crypt. t. 338; Peziza Aucupariae Gr. Fl. Ed. 426; P. populena Persoon, Syn. 671; P. Piri 671. On the dead branches of trees, not rare.

127. TREMELEA

1. T. mesenterica

Gr. Fl. Eds. 426; Persoon, Syn. 622; Eng. Bot. 709; With. iv. 93; Bull. t. 406; Berwick Flora, 144; On the dead branches of trees, but not very common, N. and D. In the plantations at New-water Haugh, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. clavariaeformis

Persoon, Syn. 629; Gr. Fl. Eds. 427; Podisoma clavariaeformis Bot. Gall. ii. 881; Berwick Flora, ii. 146; On the bark of Juniper at the Bede Hills, N. On the same shrub near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. T. Auricula-judae

Persoon, Syn. 624; T. auricula Eng. Bot. 2447; Peziza auricula With. iv. 420; On old Elder trees in hedges near Gateshead, and in Long-acre Wood, D. Near Benwell, Denton, Fenham, and Hexham, N.

4. T. spiculosa

Persoon, Syn. 624; Berwick Flora, ii. 145; Exidia glandulosa Bot. Gall. ii. 732. Near Berwick. Dr. G. Johnston considers this distinct from T. arborea.

5. T. albida

Gr. Fl. Eds. 427; With. iv. 90; Berwick Flora, 145; Eng. Bot. 2117; Bull. t. 221; T. Candida Persoon, Syn. 624; On the dead branches of trees, rare.

6. T. arborea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 427; Eng. Bot. 2448; With. iv. 91; Bull, t. 420; On the dead branches and trunks of trees.

7. T. sarcoides

Gr. Fl. Eds. 427; Eng. Bot. 2450; Berwick Flora, 145; Bolton, t. 101, f. 2; With. iv. 92; Batsch. t. 53; T. amethystea Bull. t. 499, f. 5. On rotten wood, frequent.

8. T. granulata

With. iv. 95; Eng. Bot. 324; Bull. 10, 17; In Bradley Wood, by a rivulet, D. In Dilston Park and Oak Wood, N.

129. DACRYMYCES

1. D. Urticae

Bot. Gall. ii. 729; Berwick Flora, ii. 144; Tremella Urticae Persoon, Syn. 628; Fusarum tremelloides Gr. Crypt, t. 10; On the dead stems of the Nettle.

2. D. deliquescens

Bot. Gall. ii. 729; Berwick Flora, ii. 143; D. stillaris Gr. Crypt, t. 159; Tremella deliquescens Gr. Fl. Eds. 427; T. lacrymalis Persoon, Syn. 628; Bull. t. 445, f. 3. On wood in a state of decay, frequent.

130. AGYRUM

1. A. rufum

Gr. Syn. 24; Fries, iv. t. 232; Tremella ? Stictis Persoon, Syn. 628; On old dry Fir wood, not rare.

131. ACROSPERMUM

1. A. compressum

Gr. Crypt, t. 182; Clavaria Herbarum Persoon, Syn. 605; Purton, t. 19 f. 3; Sowerby, t. 353; On the dead stems of herbaceous plants.

132. NIDULARIA

1. N. campanulata

With. iv. 426; Purton, t. 17 f. 3; Sowerby, t. 28; N. vernicosa Bull. t. 448, f. 1; Peziza lentifera Bolton, t. 102, f. 1; Cyathus olla Persoon, Syn. 237; Gr. Fl. Eds. 459; Near the Windmill Hills Gateshead, and at Ravensworth, Team, and Medomsley, D. Near Benwell and Denton, also in East Common Wood, N. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

2. N. striata

With. iv. 426; Sowerby, t. 29; Purton, t. 17 f. 1; Peziza striata Bolton, t. 102, f. 2; P. hirsuta Schaeff. t. 178; Bull. t. 40; Cyathus striatus Persoon, Syn. 237; On decayed wood at Spring Gardens and Fenham, N.

3. N. laevis

With. iv. 427; Purton, t. 17 f. 2; Sowerby, t. 30; Bull. 140; Cyathis crucibulum Gr. Crypt. t. 34; Fl. Eds. 459; Persoon, Syn. 238; Berwick Flora, ii. 191; On rotten wood at Kenton, Wallington, and in East Common Wood, N. Near the Redheugh above Gateshead, D. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

LYCOPERDACEAE

133. SCLERODERMA

1. S. Cepa

Gr. Crypt, t. 66; Persoon, Syn. 155; Berwick Flora, ii. 186; Tuber solidum With. iv. 443; Near Wallington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

2. S. Semen

Gr. Crypt, t. 144 f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 123; Sphaeria Brassicae Bolton, t. 119, f. 2; Sowerby, 393, f. 3; With. iv. 471; Lam. and De Cand. v. 113; On putrid leaves of the Cabbage and stalks of the Potatoe, N. and D. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

3. S. citrinum

Persoon, Syn. 153; Lycoperdon citrinum Bolton, t. 116; Near Medomsley, D. Near Wylam and Bywell, N.

4. S. verrucosum

Persoon, Syn. 154; Gr. Crypt, t. 48; Lycoperdon verrucosum Bull. t. 24; With. iv. 451; L. defossum Sowerby, t. 311. By the sides of woods near Medomsley, Wolsingham, and Lanchester, and on stone walls near Gateshead, and Ravensworth, D. In Dilston Park, Oak Wood, and East Common Wood, N.

134. DIDYMIUM

1. D. globosum

Gr. Syn. 14; Diderma globosum Gr. Crypt. t. 122; Persoon, Syn. 167; On dead Oak and Beach leaves, common.

135. GEASTRUM

1. G. coliforme

Persoon, Syn. 131; Lycoperdon coliforme Dick. Crypt. Fasc. i. t. 3, f. 4; Sowerby, t. 313; With. iv. 444; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 105; In pastures on Langley Moor near Lanchester, D. Near Wylam and Bywell, N.

2. G. quadrifidum

Persoon, Syn. 133; Lycoperdon fornicatum With. iv. 446; Sowerby, t. l98; Purton, iii. 480; Near Castle Eden, D. Near Barnardcastle. — Rev. James Dalton. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson.

3. G. hygrometricum, β anglicanum

Persoon, Syn. 135; Lycoperdon recolligens With. iv. 447; Sowerby, t. 401; Bull. t. 238. Near Easington and Harton, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson.

4. G. multifidum

Gr. Crypt, t. 306; G. coronatum Persoon, Syn. 132; α, Lycoperdon stellatum Bolton, t. 179; With. iv. 445 var. 1; Sowerby, t. 312; Purton, t. 20; Linn. Tr. ii. 54. Near Wylam, Stamfordham, and Hexham, N. Near Castle Eden and Easington, D. Near Darlington. — Mr. E. Robson. Near Barnard Castle, D. — Rev. Jas. Dalton.

136. SPHAEROBOLUS

1. S. stellatus

Gr. Crypt, t. 158; Persoon, Syn. 115; Purton, t. 30; Lycoperdon Corpobolus Sowerby, t. 22; With. iv. 449; On rotten wood near Warney Bourn and Chester-le-Street, D. Near Gosforth and Denton, N.

137. LYCOPERDON

1. L. giganteum

Persoon, Syn. 140; Batsch. El. Fung. t. 165; Berwick Flora, ii. 187; L. Proteus With. iv. 452 var. 1; Sowerby, t. 332 (upper figure); L. Bovista Bull. t. 447; Bovista gigantea Gr. Crypt, t. 336; Fl. Eds. 458; In fields near Lintz Green and Medomsley, D. In pastures at Spindlestone, N. — Wallis.

2. L. nigrescens

L. Bovista Sowerby, t. 331; Bovista nigrescens Persoon, Syn. 136; Gr. Fl. Eds. 458; In meadows and pastures, not rare, N. and D.

3. L. Bovista

Persoon, Syn. 141; Gr. Fl. Eds. 456; Berwick Flora, ii. 187; L. Proteus Sowerby, t. 332 (middle figure). In pastures, not rare, N. and D. Under the floors of the Vicarage and Infirmary, Newcastle.

4. L. pratense

Gr. Fl. Eds. 457; Persoon, Syn. 142; Berwick Flora, ii. 187; L. Proteus cepaerforme Bull. t. 435, f. 2. In pastures, frequent.

5. L. excipuliforme

Gr. Fl. Eds. 457; Persoon, Syn. 143; Berwick Flora, ii. 187; L. Proteus var. excipuliforme Bull. t. 550, f. 2; L. Proteus Sowerby, t. 332 (lower figures); Bolton, t. 117. f. 9. In pastures, rare.

6. L. pyriforme

Persoon, Syn. 148; Gr. Crypt, t. 304; L. Proteus, var. pyriforme With. iv. 453; var. ovoideum Bull. t. 435, f. 3. On the rotten stumps of trees, and on the ground in woods, not rare.

138. TULOSTOMA

1. T. brumale

Gr. Crypt, t. 340; Persoon, Syn. 139; Lycoperdon pedunculatum With. iv. 451; Bull. t. 294 and 471; Sowerby, t. 406. On old stone walls among moss, N. and D.

139. ONYGENA

1. O. equina

Gr. Syn. 11; Crypt, t. 343; Persoon, Syn. 203; Berwick Flora, ii. 189; Lycoperdon equinum With. iv. 450; On the horns and hoofs of animals in a state of decay. Near Yetholm. — Rev. A. Baird.

140. LYCOGOLA

1. L. argentea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 453; Crypt, t. 106; Berwick Flora, ii. 188; Reticularia Lycoperdon With. iv. 459; Sowerby, t. 272. On rotten gate posts, &c.

2. L. miniata

Gr. Crypt, t. 38; Berwick Flora, ii. 188; Persoon, Syn. 158; Lycoperdon epidendrum With, iv. 457; Sowerby, t. 52; Bolton, t. 119, f. 1; On rotten wood, not rare. Near Darlington, D. — Mr. E. Robson. In Dilston Park, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. L. fuliginosa

Berwick Flora, ii. 189; On decayed Fir trees near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

141. LEANGIUM

1. L. Trevelyani

Gr. Syn. 14; Crypt, t. 132; On Bryum ligulatumW.C. Trevelyan, Esq. in woods at Hartburn, north of Wallington, N. —

142. PHYSARUM

1. P. luteum

Persoon, Syn. 172; Sphaerocarpus luteus Bull. t. 407, f. 2; Trichia flava With. iv. 474; Bolton, t. 93, f. 4; On rotten timber in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D.

2. P. ? globuliferum

Persoon, Syn. 175; Sphaerocarpus globuliferus Bull. t. 484, f. 3; Trichia globulifera With. iv. 475; T. sphaerocarpa Sowerby, t. 240; Clathrus sphaerocarpus Bolton, t. 94, f. 1; On rotten wood in Cawsey Dene, and near Ryton and Gateshead, D.

3. P. nutans

Persoon, Syn. 171; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 12; Trichia alba Lam. and De Cand. ii. 252; Sowerby, t. 259; Sphaerocarpus albus Bull. t. 407, f. 3; Clathrus sphaerocephalus Bolton, t. 91, f. 1; On dead leaves and sticks in Cawsey Dene, D. In Heaton and Denton Denes, N.

4. P. aureum

Gr. Crypt, t. 124; Persoon, Syn. 173; On decayed trunks of trees, not rare. Near Wallington, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

5. P. farinaceum

Bot. Gall. ii. 860; Berwick Flora, ii. 190; On decayed Beach leaves, not rare. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

143. LEOCARPUS

1. L. vernosus

Gr. Crypt, t. 111; Berwick Flora, ii. 189; Fl. Eds. 453; Diderma vernosum Persoon, Syn. 165; Lycoperdon fragile With. iv. 458; Sowerby, t. 136; Dick. Crypt, t. 3 f. 6; On moss in Cawsey Wood, D. In Heaton, Scotswood, and Walbottle Denes, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

144. CRATERIUM

1. C. leucocephalum

Gr. Syn. 13; Crypt, t. 65; Berwick Flora, ii. 190; On dead leaves and straws in woods. — Dr. G. Johnston.

145. PERICHAENA

1. P. populina

Gr. Crypt, t. 252; Licea circumscissa Persoon, Syn. 196; Gr. Fl. Eds. 451; Sploerocarpus subsessilis Bull. t. 417, f. 5. Between the wood and the bark of Aspen trees near Jesmond, N.

146. LICEA

1. L. fragiformis

Gr. Crypt, t. 308; Tubulina fragiformis Persoon, Syn. 198; Trichia fragiformis With. iv. 475; Sphaerocarpus fragiformis Bull. t. 384. On rotten wood and dead leaves, not rare.

147. TRICHIA

1. T. nigripes

Persoon, Syn. 178; T. pyriformis With. iv. 474; Sowerby, t. 400, f. 6; Sphaerocarpus pyriformis Bull. t. 417, f. 2. In Long-acre and Gibside Woods, D. In East Common and Horsley Woods, N.

2. T. ovata

Persoon, Syn. 180; Berwick Flora, ii. 190; Gr. Fl. Eds. 454; T. turbinata Sowerby, t. 85; With. iv. 476; Clathrus turbinatus Bolton, t. 94, f. 3; In Long-acre and Gibside Woods, D. In Horsley Wood and Scotswood dene, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. T. coccinea

Lam. and De Cand. ii. 255; T. rufa With. iv. 473; Sphaerocarpus coccineus Bull. t. 368, f. 1. In East Common Wood and Dilston Park, N.

4. T. faginea

Berwick Flora, ii. 191; On dead branches of the Beach Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. T. clavata

Lam. and De Cand. vi. 101; Persoon, Syn. 178; Berwick Flora, ii. 190; On decayed Fir wood near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

148. ARCYRIA

1. A. punicea

Gr. Crypt, t. 130; Fl. Eds. 455; Persoon, Syn. 185; Berwick Flora, ii. 191; Trichia cinnabarina Bull. t. 502, f. 1; T. denudata With. iv. 472; Sowerby, t. 49; Clathrus denudatus Bolton, t. 93, f. 2; On rotten wood in Long-acre and Gibside Woods, D. In Heaton and Scotswood Denes, N. At Murton Crags, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. A. flava

Gr. Crypt. t. 309; Persoon, Syn. 184; A. nutans Gr. Fl. Eds. 455; Trichia nutans Bull. t. 502, f. 3; With. iv. 474; Sowerby, t. 260. On rotten wood near Benwell and Denton. N.

149. STEMONITES

1. S. fasciculata

Gr. Crypt, t. 170; Berwick Flora, ii. 191; Persoon, Syn. 187; Trichia axifera Bull. t. 477, f. 1; T. nuda With. iv. 472; Sowerby, t. 20; Clathrus nudus Bolton, t. 93, f. 1; On rotten wood at Wallington, and in Dilston Park and Heaton Dene, N. in Ravensworth and Gibside Woods, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G.Johnston.

150. DICTYDIUM

1. D. cernuum

Gr. Crypt. t. 153; Cribraria cernua Persoon, Syn. 189; On rotten wood, not very rare.

151. TRICHOMERMA

1. T. viride

Gr. Crypt, t. 271; Persoon, Syn. 231; On decayed trees, common.

152. ILLOSPORUM

1. I. roseum

Gr. Syn. 10; Berwick Flora, ii. 144; Palmella rosea Crypt, t. 51; Tubercularia rosea Persoon, Syn. 114; On the bark of the Hawthorn and Apple, not rare, N. and D. On Lichens in Twizell Dene, and near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

153. SCLEROTIUM

1. S. Semen

Gr. Crypt, t. 144, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 128; Berwick Flora, ii. 137; Sphaeria Brassicae Bolton, t. 119, f. 2; Sowerby, t. 393, f. 3; With. iv. 471; On stalks of putrid vegetables, common.

2. S. clavus

Lam. and De Cand. v. 115; Berwick Flora, ii. 138; On the seeds of Agrostis alba Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. muscorum

Persoon, Syn. 120; Berwick Flora, ii. 138; S. subterraneum Gr. Fl. Eds. 461; Crypt, t. 101; On the roots of Hypna in Longridge Dene near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. S. Pteridis

Gr. Fl.Eds. 463; Berwick Flora, ii. 139; On the stems of Pteris aquilina common, . On Aspidium Filix-masDr. G. Johnston.

5. S. salicinum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 462; Xyloma salicinum Bot. Gall. ii. 875; Berwick Flora, ii. 140; On the leaves of the broad-leaved Willows. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. S. populeum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 463; Persoon, Syn. 125; Xyloma populeum Bot. Gall. ii. 875; Berwick Flora, ii. 140; On the leaves of the Aspen. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. S. durum

Gr. Crypt, t. 1; Persoon, Syn. 121; Berwick Flora, ii. 137; Sphaeria solida Sowerby, t. 314. On the dead stems of large herbaceous plants, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. S. quercinum

Gr. Crypt, t. 77; Persoon, Syn. 124; S. pustula Spring. Syst. Veg. iv. 522; Berwick Flora, ii. 137; On dead Oak leaves.

154. ERYSIPHE

1. E. communis

Gr. Syn. 9; E. Pisi Lam. and De Cand. ii. 274; Berwick Flora, ii. 141; Gr. Crypt, t. 134; E. Trifolii Fl. Eds. 459; On Trefoil, Vetches, and the Garden Pea, frequent. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. E. adunca

Gr. Crypt, t. 296; E. Populi Lam. and De Cand. vi. 104; E. Prunastri Lam. and De Cand. l.c. p. 108. On both sides of the leaves of the Willow, Poplar, Elm, &c, common.

3. E. compositarum

Bot. Gall. ii. 870; Berwick Flora, ii. 142; E. depressa Link, in Willd. vi. i. 110; E. Arctii Gr. Fl. Eds. 460; E. Artemisiae Gr. Fl. Eds. 459; On the leaves of the Burdock and Mugwort.

4. E. divaricata

Bot. Gall. ii. 870; Link, in Willd. vi. i, 120; Berwick Flora, ii. 142; E. Lonicerae Gr. Fl. Eds. 461; On the leaves of the Honeysuckle.

5. E. penicillata

Link, 113; Bot. Gall. ii. 871; Berwick Flora, ii. 142; E. berberidis Lam. and De Cand. v. 275; On the Barberry. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. E. lamprocarpa

Bot. Gall. ii. 869; Berwick Flora, ii. 142; Alphitomorpha lamprocarpa Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 408; On the leaves of Plantago lanceolataDr. G. Johnston.

7. E. guttata

Link, 116; Bot. Gall. ii. 871; Berwick Flora, ii. 143; E. Coryli Lam. and De Cand. ii. 272; Sclerotium Erysiphe Persoon, Syn. 124; On the leaves of the Hazel. — Dr. G. Johnston.

155. LASIOBOTRYS

1. L. Lonicerae

Gr. Crypt, t. 191; Xyloma Xylostei Lam. and De Cand. ii. 599 and vi. 154; On the leaves of the Honeysuckle.

156. AEGERITA

1. A. Candida

Gr. Crypt, t. 268, f. 1; On wood in decay, not rare.

157. TUBERCULARIA

1. T. granulata

Gr. Crypt, t. 187; Persoon, Syn. 113; Berwick Flora, ii. 147; On dead branches of the Sycamore near Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. T. vulgaris

Persoon, Syn. 112; Berwick Flora, ii. 146; Tremella purpurea Linn. Syst. Veg. xv. 1004; Sphaeria miniata Bolton, t. 127, f. 1; On the dead branches of the Currant, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. T. confluens

Gr. Fl. Eds. 463; Persoon, Syn. 113; Berwick Flora, ii. 146; On dead branches of trees, very common.

4. SPUMARIA

1. S. Mucilago

Gr. Crypt, t. 267; Persoon, Syn. 163; S. alba Gr. Fl. Eds. 452; Reticularis alba Bull. 326; Sowerby, t. 280; R. ovata With. iv. 461, var. 2; On dead sticks and grass, frequent.

159. AETHALIUM

1. A. flavum

Gr. Crypt, t. 272; Fuligo flava Persoon, Syn. 161; F. vaporaria Persoon, Syn. 161; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 12; F. Candida Persoon, Syn. 162; Reticularia hortensis Bull. t. 424; Sowerby, t. 399, f. 1; R. lutea Sowerby, t. 399, f. 2; Bull, t. 380, f. 1; R. ovata With. iv. 460; R. septica With. iv. 460; R. carnosa Sowerby, t. 399, f. 3; R. cerea Sowerby, t. 399, f. 4; Mucor septicus Linn. Sp. Pl. 1656; Bolton, t. 134; Lightfoot, 1073; On tan in hot-houses, and also among dead leaves and decaying trees, very frequent.

160. RETICULARIA

1. R. minuta

Gr. Syn. 11; Lycogola minuta Crypt, t. 40; On dead leaves and sticks, not rare.

2. R. argentea

Gr. Syn. 11; Lycogola argentea Crypt, t. 106; Persoon, Syn. 157; R. Lycoperdon Bull. t. 446, f. 4 and t. 476, f. 1; Sowerby, t. 272; With. iv. 459; Mucor lycogolus Bolton, t. 133; M. carneus Schaeff. t. 195, f 3. On rotten wood, leaves, &c, frequent. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

161. ANGIORIDIUM

1. A. sinuosum

Gr. Crypt, t. 310; Reticularia sinuosa Bull. t. 446, f. 3; Sowerby, t. 6; With. iv. 460; Physarum bivalve Persoon, Syn. 169; On the stumps of Willows by the Team, and in Gibside Woods, D.

UREDINEAE

162. PUCCINIA

1. P. Anemones

Persoon, Syn. 226; Aecidium fuscum Sowerby, t. 53. On the leaves of the wood Anemone, frequent.

2. P. Rubi

Gr. Fl. Eds. 428; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 218; Berwick Flora, ii. 193; P. mucronata Persoon, Syn. 230; On the leaves of the common Bramble.

3. P. Potentillae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 428; Crypt, t. 57; Berwick Flora, ii. 193; On the Strawberry and Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil, N. and D.

4. P. gracilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 428; Berwick Flora, ii. 193; P. Rubi Idaei Lam. and De Cand. v. 54; On the wild Raspberry. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. P. Ulmariae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 433; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On the leaves of the Meadowsweet, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

6. P. Ciracae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 429; Persoon, Syn. 228; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On the leaves of the Enchanter's Nightshade. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. P. Aviculariae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 429; Persoon, Syn. 227; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 221; Berwick Flora, ii. 195; On the leaves of Polygonum aviculare, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. P. Menthae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 430; Persoon, Syn. 227; Berwick Flora, ii. 195; On the leaves of Menthae, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

9. P. Polygoni

Gr. Fl. Eds. 430; Persoon, Syn. 227; Berwick Flora, ii. 195; On the leaves of Polygonum amphibiumDr. G. Johnston.

10. P. compositarum

Bot. Gall. ii. 890; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; P. Centaurea Gr. Fl. Eds. 430; On the leaves of different species of Compositae N. and D. On the leaves of Centaurea nigra, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

11. P. variabilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 431; Crypt, t. 75; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; On Leontodon Taraxacum not rare, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

12. P. Buxi

Gr. Crypt. 17; Sowerby, t. 439; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 60; On the leaves of Box in gardens about Newcastle, N. and D.

13. P. Calthae

Link, in Willd. vii. ii. 79; Bot. Gall. ii. 891; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

14. P. Epilobii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 431; Lam. and De Cand. v. 61; Near Berwick, on the leaves of Epilobium palustreDr. G. Johnston.— .

15. P. Veronicarum

Bot. Gall. ii. 889; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On the leaves of Veronica ChamaedrysDr. G. Johnston.

16. P. Lychnidearum

Link, in Willd. iv. ii. 80; Bot. Gall. 887; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On the Red Lychnis, near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

17. P. Violae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 432; Lam. and De Cand. v. 62; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; On the leaves of Viola canina Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

17. P. Scorodonia

Link, in Willd. iv. ii. 72; Bot. Gall. ii. 888; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On Teucrium Scorodonia not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

18. P. Galii-cruciata

Bot. Gall. ii. 890; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; P. Valantia Gr. Fl. Eds. 432; Persoon, Syn. 227; On Galium verum and G. cruciatum, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

19. P. Fabae

Gr. Crypt, t. 29; Berwick Flora, ii. 197; P. globosa Gr. Fl. Eds. 434; Uredo appendiculata Bot. Gall. ii. 897. On the leaves of Orobus tuberosus in autumn, N. and D.

20. P. Porri

Uredo Porri Sowerby, t. 411; On Leeks and Onions, not frequent.

21. P. glomerata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 433; Berwick Flora, ii. 194; On the leaves of Senecio Jacobaea, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

22. P. syngenesiarum

Link, in Willd, iv. ii. 74; Berwick Flora, ii. 197; On the leaves of Thistles, and of the Tragopogon. — Dr. G. Johnston.

23. P. Graminis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 433; Persoon, Syn. 228; Berwick Flora, ii. 195; Uredo Frumenti Sowerby, 1. 140. β Arundinis α On the stems and leaves of Corn and Grasses. β On Phalaris arundinacea and Arundo PhragmitesDr. G. Johnston.

24. P. Arundinacea

Bot. Gall. ii. 889; Berwick Flora, ii. 195; P. Graminis, var. Arundinacea Gr. Fl. Eds. 433; On the leaves and sheaths of Reeds. — Dr. G. Johnston.

25. P. Bullaria

Link, ut Supp. 78; Berwick Flora, ii. 197; Bullaria umbelliferarum Bot. Gall. ii. 886. On the stem of the Hemlock, in autumn, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. P. Umbelliferarum

Lam. and De Cand. v. 58; Gr. Fl. Eds. 430; Berwick Flora, ii. 196; On the leaves of the Hemlock, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

163. PHRAGMIDIUM

1. P. mucronatum

Gr. Syn. 3; Puccinia Rosae Crypt, t. 15; Berwick Flora, ii. 193; P. mucronata, α Rosa Persoon, Syn. 233; On the leaves of the Rose, common.

164. UREDO

1. U. Geranii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 434; Crypt, t. 8; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; On the leaves of various species of Geranium, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

165. U. Candida

Gr. Fl. Eds. 442; Crypt, t. 251; Persoon, Syn. 223; Berwick Flora, ii. 197; U. Thlaspi Sowerby, t. 340. On Tetradynamous plants, not rare; most common on Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris .

3. U. Epilobii

Lam. and De Cand. vi. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; On the leaves of Epilobium montanum near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. U. Violarum

Lam. and De Cand. vi. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 202; On the leaves of Viola canina, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. U. Ficariae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 434; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 65; Berwick- Flora, ii. 203; On the leaves of Ranunculus Ficaria near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. U. suaveolens

Gr. Fl. Eds. 434; Persoon, Syn. 221; Berwick Flora, ii. 202; Aecidium Cardui Sowerby, t. 398, f. 5. On Cnicus arvensis N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. U. Polygonorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 434; Crypt, t. 80; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 71; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; On the leaves of various species of Polygonum N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. U. Cichoraceum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 425; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 229; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; On the leaves of the Composite, N. and D. On the Lapsana communis Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. On the Dandelion, common.

9. U. bifrons

Gr. Fl. Eds. 435; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; U. Rumicum Lam. and De Cand. vi. 66. β, On the leaves of the Sorrel, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. U. Rumicum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 436; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 66; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; U. bifrons Lam. and De Cand. ii. 229; On Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. U. intrusa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 436; Berwick Flora, ii. 201; On the inferior surface of the leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

12. U. Fabae

Gr. Crypt, t. 95; Fl. Eds. 436; Persoon, Syn. 221; Lam. and De Cand. v. 69; U. fusca Purton, iii. 507; On the leaves of the Bean, Vetch, &c.

13. U. Labiatarum

Lam. and De Cand. vi. 72; Berwick Flora, ii. 203; Gr. Fl. Eds. 436; U. Mentha Persoon, Syn. 220; On the leaves of Ajuga reptans Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

14. U. oblongata

Gr. Crypt, t. 12; Fl. Eds. 437; Berwick Flora, ii. 202; U. caricis Fl. Dan. t. 1317; U. caricina Lam. and De Cand. vi. 83. On the leaves of Luzulae and Carices .

15. U. Vitellinae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 437; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 231; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; On the leaves of Salix vitellina and viminalis and Smithiana, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

16. U. farinosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 437; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; Persoon, Syn. 217 α; U. Caproearum Lam. and De Cand. vi. 80; On Salix capraea and S. aurita Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

17. U. Gnaphalii

Berwick Flora, ii. 200; On the leaves of Gnaphalium germanicum, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

18. U. Senecionis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 438; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 231; U. farinosa Persoon, Syn. 218; On the leaves of Senecio sylvaticus N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

19. U. Tussilaginis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 441; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; On the leaves of the Colts-foot, frequent.

20. U. Potentillae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 438; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 232; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; On Potentilla Fragaria Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

21. U. Rosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 438; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 232; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; On Rose leaves, N. and D. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

22. U. Ruborum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 438; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 234; U. Rubifruticosi Persoon, Syn. 218; On the leaves of Brambles, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

23. U. effusa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 439; Crypt, t. 19; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; U. miniata Persoon, Syn. 216; α, U. spiraeae Sowerby, t. 298. On the leaves and seed vessels of wild Roses, frequent, and on Spiraea Ulmaria N. and D.

24. U. Lini

Gr. Crypt, t. 31; Fl. Eds. 439; U. miniata Persoon, Syn. 216; On the leaves of Linum catharticum N. and D.

25. U. Alchemillae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 439; Persoon, Syn. 215; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; On Alchemilla vulgaris N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

26. U. Rhinanthacearum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 439; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 80; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; On the leaves, &c., of the Yellow Rattle, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

27. U. Campanula

Gr. Fl. Eds. 440; Persoon, Syn. 217; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; On the leaves of different species of Campanula N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

28. U. Pyrolae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 440; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; On the leaves of Pyrola minor at Wallington, N. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. At Gibside, and the Howns Woods, D.

29. U. linearis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 440; Persoon, Syn. 216; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; U. frumenti Sowerby, t. 140; U. longissima t. 139. On the leaves of Corn and Grasses, common.

30. U. Sonchi

Gr. Fl. Eds. 441; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; U. Sonchi arvensis Persoon, Syn. 217; On the leaves of Sonchus arvensis N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

31. U. Petasitis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 441; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 236; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; On the leaves of Tussilago Petasites N. and D. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

32. U. Populina

Gr. Fl. Eds. 442; Berwick Flora, ii. 200; Persoon, Syn. 219 α; U. longicapsula Bot. Gall. ii. 895; On the lower surface of the leaves of Populus nigra Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

33. U. ovata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 442; Berwick Flora, ii. 198; β Betulae U. populina Persoon, Syn. 219; U. longicapsula Lam. and De Cand. v. 84; On the leaves of Betula alba N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

34. U. segetum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 442; Persoon, Syn. 224; Berwick Flora, ii. 203; Within the fructification and glumes of Corn, too frequent.

35. U. urceolarum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 443; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 78; U. Caricis Persoon, Syn. 225; Berwick Flora, ii. 204; On the fructification of Sedges, N. and D.

36. U. caries

Gr. Fl. Eds. 443; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 16; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 78; Berwick Flora, ii. 204; Within the grains of Wheat, too common.

37. U. antherarum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 443; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 79; U. violacca Persoon, Syn. 225; On Lychnis dioica and Cerastium viscosum N. and D.

38. U. flosculorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 443; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 79; Berwick Flora, ii. 204; Farinaria Scabiosa Sowerby, t. 269, f. 2. On Scabiosa arvensis rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

39. U. caryophyllaccarum

Link, in Willd. iv. ii. 26; Berwick Flora, ii. 199; On Stellaria graminea and Cerastium viscosum near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston

40. U. Vacciniorum

Berwick Flora, ii. 199; Coeoma Vacciniurum Link, Supp. Cit. 15. On the leaves of Vaccinium MyrtillusDr. G. Johnston.

41. U. Umbellatarum

Berwick Flora, ii. 202; Coeoma umbellatarum Link, in Willd, iv. ii. 23; U. Cynapii Bot. Gall. ii. 900. On the leaves of the Hemlock — Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

165. AECIDIUM

1. A. Epilobii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 444; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 238; Berwick Flora, ii. 204; On the leaves of Epilobium palustre and E. hirsutum Near Berwick.— Dr G. Johnston.

2. A. Chicoraceum

Lam. and De Cand. ii. 239; Berwick Flora, ii. 205; A. Tragopogi Persoon, Syn. 211; α. Near Berwick-upon-Tweed.— Dr. G. Johnston. β near Newcastle, upon Tragopogon pratense.

3. A. Sonchi

Berwick Flora, ii. 205; On the leaves of Sonchus arvensis — Dr. G. Johnston..

4. A. Violarum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 444; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 240; Berwick Flora, ii. 205; On the leaves of Viola canina Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. A. albescens

6. A. Taraxaci

Gr. Fl. Eds. 444; Berwick Flora, ii. 205; On the lower surface of the leaves of the Dandelion, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

7. A. Periclymeni

Gr. Fl. Eds. 445; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 597; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; On the leaves of the Woodbine. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. A. Prenanthes

Gr. Fl. Eds. 445; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; On the leaves of Hieracium paludosumDr. G. Johnston.

9. A. Urticae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 445; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; On the leaves and stem of Urtica dioica.

10. A. confertum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 446; Berwick Flora, ii. 205; On the leaves of Ranunculus Ficaria.

11. A. Geranii

Lam. and De Cand. vi. 93; Berwick Flora, ii. 205; Uredo hemisphaerica Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 571; On the leaves of Geranium pratense Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

12. A. Grossulariae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 446; Crypt, t. 62; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; A. Rumicis Persoon, Syn. 207; On the leaves of the Gooseberry.

13. A. Valerianarum

Bot. Gall. ii. 908; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; On the leaves and footstalks of the Valerians. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

14. A. Ranunculaceum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 446; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 97; Berwick Flora, ii. 206; A. Ranunculi acris Persoon, Syn. 210; On the leaves of different species of Ranunculi, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

15. A. Berberidis

Gr. Crypt, t. 96; Fl. Eds. 446; Persoon, Syn. 209; Lam. and De Cand. ii. 246; Berwick Flora, ii. 207; On the leaves, &c., of the Barberry, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

10. A. laceratum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 447; Crypt, t. 209; Berwick Flora, ii. 207; Sowerby, t. 318; A. Oxyacanthae Persoon, Syn. 206; On the fruit and fruit-stalks of the Hawthorn, near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

17. A. cornutum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 447; Crypt, t. 180; Sowerby, t. 319; Persoon, Syn. 205; Berwick Flora, ii. 207; On the leaves of the Mountain Ash, N. and D. In Twizell Dene, N Mrs. Selby.

18. A. Tussilaginis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 447; Persoon, Syn. 209; Sowerby, t. 397, f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 207; On the leaves of Tussilago Farfara.

19. A. Allii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 447; Persoon, Syn. 210; Berwick Flora, ii. 207; On the leaves of Allium urcinum Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

MUCEDINEAE

166. ERINEUM

1. E. aureum

Gr. Crypt, t. 33; Persoon, Syn. 700; Berwick Flora, ii. 290; On the leaves of the Populus nigra.

2. E. griseum

Gr. Crypt, t. 141, f. 1; On the leaves of the Oak, common.

3. E. clandestinum

Gr. Crypt, t. 141, f. 2; E. Oxyacanthae Persoon, Mycol. i. 145. On the leaves of the White Thorn.

4. E. faginum

Gr. Crypt, t. 250, f. 1; Persoon, Syn. 700; Berwick Flora, ii. 208; On the leaves of the Beach, common. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. E. populinum

Gr. Crypt, t. 250, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 700; Berwick Flora, ii. 209; On the leaves of Poplars and the Aspen.

6. E. Padi

Gr. Crypt, t. 157, f. 1; On the leaves of the Bird Cherry, N. and D. Near Twizell House, N — P.J. Selby, Esq. Near Beamish, D. — Greville.

7. E. roseum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 451; Crypt, t. 21; On Betula alba in sub-alpine situations.

8. E. betulinum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 451; Edin. Ph. Jour, vi. 79, t. 3; Berwick Flora, ii. 208; On the leaves of Betula alba frequent .

9. E. Alneum

Gr. Crypt, t. 157, f. 2; Persoon, Syn. 701; Berwick Flora, ii. 209; Mucor ferrugincus Bull. t. 504, f. 12. On the leaves of the Alder.

10. E. roseum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 451; E. Betulae Crypt, t. 21; On the leaves of the Birch in Teesdale, and other sub-alpine situations.

11. E. pyrinum

Gr. Crypt, t. 22; Persoon, Syn. 700; Berwick Flora, ii. 208; On the leaves of the Crab and Pear, not rare.

12. E. tortuosum

Gr. Crypt, t. 94; On the leaves of the Birch.

13. E. Sorbi

Gr. Crypt, t. 263, f. 1; On the leaves of the Mountain Ash. Near Wellington, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

14. E. Juglans

Gr. Crypt. 263, f. 2; On the leaves of the Walnut.

15. E. acerinum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 449; Persoon, Syn. 700; Berwick Flora, ii. 208; On the under surface of the leaves of the Sycamore, common.

167. MUCOR

1. M. caninus

Persoon, Syn. 201; Gr. Crypt, t. 305; Syn, 7; Berwick Flora, ii. 210; In stercore canino.

168. MYRIOTHECIUM

1. M. Carmichaelii

Gr. Crypt, t. 140; On decayed vegetables.

169. CHAETOMIUM

1. C. datum

Gr. Crypt, t. 230; On dead Grasses and Reeds.

BYSSOIDEAE

170. BYSSUS

1. B. floccosa

Bot. Gall. ii. 934; Berwick Flora, ii. 212; Byssus septica With. iv. 192, var. 2; Dill. t. 1, f. 9; In wine cellars. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. B. olivacea

Filaments, long, tubular, even, continuous, simple, pellucid, and of an olive green colour. Abundant in an oil cellar in Newcastle, where the plant formed a loosely matted covering to the walls behind the casks. Dr. G. Johnston, to whom I sent this plant, and to a more accurate observer specimens could not have been submitted, observes, "The tubes are empty, but in some of them I thought I perceived a granular matter. There are no sporules."

171. OZONIUM

1. O. auricomum

Gr. Crypt, t. 260; Dematium strigosum Persoon, Syn. 695; Byssus barbata Eng. Bot. 701; With, iv. 191; On rotten wood in damp places, and in caverns.

172. DEMATIUM

1. D. violaceum

Persoon, Syn. 697; Auricularia phosphorea Sowerby, t. 350; Byssus phosphorea With. iv. 189; Conferva phosphorea Dillwyn, t 88; On rotten wood and bark, not rare.

173. HIMANTIA

1. H. Candida

Gr. Crypt, t. 228; Persoon, Syn. 704; Berwick Flora, ii. 213; Fibrellaria stellata Sowerby, t. 387, f. 1; Byssus Candida Hudson, 607; Lightfoot, 1003; On decaying leaves, sticks, &c. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. H. flammea

Linnaea, A. D. 1830, p. 408; On dead Beach leaves near Wallington, N. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

174. RACODIUM

1. R. cellare

Gr. Crypt, t. 259; Persoon, Syn. 701; Berwick Flora, ii. 212; Fibrellaria vinaria Sowerby, t. 432; Byssus Cryptarum Lam. and De Cand. ii. 67; B. septica With. iv. 192, var. 2; In damp vaults and cellars.

2. R. aluta

Persoon, Syn. 702; Byssus aluta Lam. and De Cand. vi. 10. In rotten trees, but not very frequent.

3. R. xylostroma, β Corium

Persoon, Syn. 702; Xylostroma giganteum Sowerby, t. 358. On decayed Oaks in woods.

175. HELMISPORIUM

1. H. macrocarpon

Gr. Crypt, t. 148, f. 1; On rotten bark.

176. TORULA

1. T. herbarum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 469; Bot. Gall. ii. 931; Berwick Flora, ii. 210; Monilis herbarum Persoon, Syn. 693; On the dead stems of vegetables. — Dr. G. Johnston.

177. FUSIDIUM

1. F. griseum

Gr. Crypt. 1. 102, f. 1; Fl. Eds. 464; On dead Oak and Beach leaves.

1. F. flavo-virescens

Gr. Crypt, t. 102, f. 2; Fl. Eds. 464; Berwick Flora, ii. 209; On dead Oak and Beach leaves. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

178. POLYTHRINCIUM

1. P. Trifolii

Gr. Crypt, t. 216; On the leaves of the Trefoils.

179. EXOSPORIUM

1. E. Tilliae

Gr. Crypt, t. 208; On the dead branches of the Linden.

180. DIDYMOSPHORUM

1. D. profusum

Gr. Syn. 3; Stilbospora profusa Crypt, t. 212; On branches of the Beach and Sycamore.

2. D. betulinum

Gr. Crypt, t. 273; On dead branches of the Birch.

181. FUSARIUM

1. F. tremelloides

Gr. Crypt. t. 10; Tremella urticae Persoon, Syn. 628; Lam. and De Cand. vi. 28. On the dead stems of the Nettle, common. N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

182. ASCOPHORA

1. A. Mucedo

Gr. Crypt, t. 269; Mucor Mucedo Persoon, Syn. 201; Berwick Flora, ii. 210; On putrefying substances, common.

183. EUROTIUM

1. E. Herbariorum

Gr. Crypt. t. 164; Mucor Herbariorum Persoon. Syn. 202. On the leaves and stems of dried plants when exposed to damp, common.

2. E. Bosarum

Gr. Crypt, t. 164, f. 2; On the branches and capsules of the Rose.

184. ACREMONIUM

1. A. fuscum

Gr. Crypt, t. 124, f. 1; On dead wood and herbaceous plants.

2. A. verticillatum

Gr. Crypt, t. 124, f. 2; On dead wood and trunks of trees.

185. PENICILLIUM

1. P. glaucum

Gr. Crypt, t. 58, f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 211; On putrifying fruit, fungi, &c.

186. BOTRYTIS

1. B. agaricina

Gr. Crypt, t. 126, f. 1; On decaying fungi.

2. B. diffusa

Gr. Crypt, t. 126, f. 2; On decaying herbaceous plants.

3. ACROSPORIUM

1. A. monilioides

Gr. Crypt. t. 73; Berwick Flora, ii. 210; Oidium monilioides Bot. Gall. ii. 932. On the leaves and stems of Grasses.

188. SPOROTRICHUM

1. S. minutum

Gr. Crypt, t. 108, f. 1; On putrid substances.

189. TRICHOTHECIUM

1. T. roseum

Gr. Crypt. t. 172; Trichoderma roseum Persoon, Syn. 231; On rotten branches of trees.

190. SEPEDONIUM

1. S. mycophilum

Gr. Crypt, t. 198; Berwick Flora, ii. 209; Uredo mycophila Persoon, Syn. 214; Mucor chrysospermus Bull. t. 504, f. 1; Sowerby, t. 378; With. iv. 479; On putrescent fungi.

191. CLADOSPORUM

1. C. herbarum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 469; Bot. Gall. ii. 930; Berwick Flora, ii. 209; On the dead stems of umbelliferous plants, Oak leaves, &c.

192. ASPERGILLUS

1. A. glaucus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 467; Berwick Flora, ii. 211; On putrefying fruit, &c.

2. A. penicillatus

Gr. Crypt, t. 32; On damp Hay.

193. BOTRYS

1. B. cinerea

Berwick Flora, ii. 212; Link, in Willd. iv. i. 60; Parasitical, on Sclerotium durumDr. G. Johnston.

2. B. agaracina

Link, in Willd. iv. i. 54; Berwick Flora, ii. 212; Parasitical, on Uredo CandidaDr. G. Johnston.

194. CYLYNDROSPORIUM

1. C. concentricum

Gr. Crypt, t. 27; Fl. Eds. 471; On the leaves of the garden Cabbage.

ALGAE

195. SARGASSUM

1. S. bacciferum

Agardh, Syn. 6; Gr. Algae, 3; Fucus bacciferus Turn. Hist. t. 47; Eng. Bot. 1967; Among the rejectamenta of the sea at the foot of Castle Eden Dene, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the coast of Northumberland. — With. iv. 101;.

196. CYSTOSEIRA

1. C. ericoides

Agardh, Syn. 52; Gr. Algae, 4; Fucus tamariscifolius Ner. Brit. 44, t. 11; F. selaginoides Turn. Syn. 85; F. ericoides Eng. Bot. 1968; Turn. Hist. t. 191. Among the rejectamenta of the sea near Sunderland.— W. Weighell's Herb. At Seaton, D.-Mr. E. Robson.

197. HALIDRYS

1. H. siliquosa

Gr. Algae, 9; Cystoseira siliquosa Agardh, Syn. 71; Fucus siliquosus Eng. Bot. 474; Ner. Brit. 8, t. 5; Turn. Hist. t. 159; Berwick Flora, ii. 223; On rocks and stones on the coast, frequent.

198. FUCUS

1. F. nodosus

Agardh, Syn. 85; Eng. Bot. 570; Turn. Hist. t. 91; Berwick Flora, ii. 222; Ner. Brit. 35, t. 10; Gr. Algae, 16; On rocks and stones on the coast, common.

2. F. vesiculosus

Agardh, Syn. 87; Turn. Hist. t. 88; Berwick Flora, ii. 221; Gr. Algae, 12; Eng. Bot. 1066; β spiralis Eng. Bot. 1685; Ner. Brit. 10, t. 5. α and β on rocks upon the sea coast, abundant.

3. F. serratus

Agardh, Syn. 95; Turn. Syn. 110; Hist. t. 90; Berwick Flora, ii. 222; Eng. Bot. 1221; Ner. Brit. 1, t. 1; Gr. Algae, 15; On rocks on the coast, common.

4. F. canaliculatus

Agardh, Syn. 96; Eng. Bot. 823; Turn. Syn. 242; Hist. t. 3; Gr. Algae, 18; Berwick Flora, ii. 223; Upon rocks on the coast, common.

199. HIMANTHALIA

1. H. lorca

Gr. Algae, 20; Berwick Flora, ii. 224; Fucus lareus Agardh, Syn. 98; Turn. Hist. t. 196; Eng. Bot. 569; Ner. Brit. 37, t. 10. On rocks on the coast at Hartley Bates, Dunstanborough, Holy Island, and Bamborough, N.

200. FURCELLARIA

1. F. fastigiata

Agardh, Syn. 103; Gr. Algae, 67; F. lumbricalis Berwick Flora, ii. 223; Fucus lumbricalis Eng. Bot. 824; Turn. Hist. t. 6; Ner. Brit. t. 6; F. fastigiatus With. iv. 133; On rocks on the coast, frequent.

2. LICHINA

1. L. pygmaea

Agardh, Syn. 105; Gr. Crypt, t 219; Algae, 22; Berwick Flora, ii. 220; Fucus pygmaus Eng. Bot. 1332; Turn. Hist. t. 204, f. a, h. On rocks on the coast, frequent.

2. L. confinis

Aghard, Syn. 105; Gr. Crypt, t. 221; Algae, 23; Berwick Flora, ii. 221; Fucus confinis Eng. Bot. 2575; F. pygmaeus Turn. Hist. 204, f. i, o. β, On rocks near high-water mark. Probably Turner is right in making this a variety of the preceding species.

202. LAMINARIA

1. L. esculenta

Agardh, Syn. 110; Berwick Flora, ii. 224; Fucus esculentus Eng. Bot. 1759; Turn. Hist. t. 117; Alaria esculenta Gr. Algae, 25; On rocks in deep water, not rare.

2. L. digitata

Agardh, Syn. 112; Gr. Algae, 27; Berwick Flora, ii. 225; Fucus digitatus Eng. Bot. 2274; Turn. Hist. 162; Ner. Brit. v. t. 3. On rocks in deep water, common.

3. L. bulbosa

Agardh, Syn. 114; Gr. Algae, 29; Berwick Flora, ii. 225; Fucus bulbosus Eng. Bot. 1760; On the shores of Holy Island, N.

4. L. saccharina

Agardh, Syn. 117; Gr. Algae, 32; Berwick Flora, ii. 226; Fucus saccharimis Turn. Hist. t. 163; Eng. Bot. 1376; β attenuata Gr. Fl. Eds. 282; L. Phyllitis Agardh, Syn. 121; Fucus Phyllitis Eng. Bot. 1331; Ner. Brit. 33, t. 9; Turn. Hist. t. 164; Laminaria Phyllitis Gr. Algae, 34; Berwick Flora, ii. 226; On the sea coast in deep water, frequent.

203. SPOROCHNUS

1. S. aculeatus

Agardh, Syn. 151; Fucus aculeatus Turn. Hist. t. 187; Eng. Bot. 2445; Ner. Brit. 24, t. 8; Desmarestia aculeata Gr. Algae, 38; Berwick Flora, ii. 223; On rocks and stones on the coast, not rare.

2. S. viridis

Agardh, Syn. 154; Dichloria viridis Gr. Algae, 39; Fucus viridis Eng. Bot. 1669; Ner. Brit. t. 17; Turn. Hist. t. 97. Among the rejectamenta on the coast at Sunderland. — W. Weighell's Herb. Among the rocks at Hartlepool, D. — John Hogg, Esq. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. S. villosus

Agardh, Syn. 155; Gr. Algae, 42; Conferva villosa Eng. Bot. 546; Dillwyn, t. 37; On the beach near Whitburn, D.— W. Weighell's Herb.

4. S. ligulatus

Agardh, Syn. 158; Desmarestia ligulata Gr. Algae, 37; Fucus ligulosus Eng. Bot. 1636; Turn. Hist. t. 98; Lightfoot, 946, t. 29; Ner. Brit. 60, t. 20; F. herbaceus Hudson, 582; On the beach at Seaton, D. — Mr. Backhouse. On the coast of Northumberland. — Hudson.

204. DELESSERIA

1. D. sanguinea

Agardh, Syn. 172; Berwick Flora, ii. 229; Gr. Algae, 72; Fucus sanguineus Eng. Bot. 1041; Ner. Brit. 20, t. 7; Turn. Hist. t. 36. On the sea coast, not rare.

2. D. sinuosa

Agardh, Syn. 174; Berwick Flora, ii. 230; Gr. Algae, 73; Fucus rubens Lightfoot, 943; Ner. Brit. 18, t. 7; F. sinuosus Eng. Bot. 822; Turn. Hist. t. 35. On the stems of large Algae, but not common.

3. D. ruscifolia

Agardh, Syn. 175; Gr. Algae, 76; Fucus ruscifolius Eng. Bot. 1395; Turn. Hist. t. 15. Among the rejectamenta of the sea on the coast near Sunderland, D. — W. Weighell's Herb.

4. D. Hypoglossum

Agardh, Syn. 176; Gr. Algae, 75; Fucus Hypoglossum Eng. Bot. 1396; Turn. Hist. t. 14; F. hypoglossoides Ner. Br. t. 13. Among the rejectamenta of the sea on the beach near Sunderland. — Mr. J. Robson. At Hartlepool, D. — J. Hogg, Esq.

5. D. alata

Agardh, Syn. 178; Berwick Flora, ii. 230; Gr. Algae, 73; Fucus alatus Ner. Brit. 79, t. 13; Eng. Bot. 1837; Turn. Hist. t. 160. On rocks and stones on the coast, also on the stems of Algae.

6. D. Plocamium

Agardh, Syn. 180; Fucus Plocamium Lightfoot, 957; F. coccineus Eng. Bot. 1242; Turn. Hist. t. 59; Plocamium coccineum Berwick Flora, ii. 232; Gr. Algae, 98; On the sea coast, common.

7. D. lacerata

Agardh, Syn. 184; Halymenia lacerata Bot. Gall. ii. 944; Berwick Flora, ii. 228; Nitophyllum laceratum Gr. Algae, 83; Fucus laceratus Eng. Bot. 1067; Turn. Hist. t. 68; Ner. Brit. 77. Upon rocks and stones on the coast.

205. BONNEMAISONIA

1. B. asparagoides

Agardh, Syn. 197; Gr. Algae, 107; Fucus asparagoides Eng. Bot. 571; Among the rejectamenta of the sea on the coast near Sunderland, D W. Weighell's Herb.

206. HALYMENIA

1. H. Brodiaei

Bot. Gall. ii. 942; Fucus Brodiaei Eng. Bot. 1966; Chondrus Brodiaei Gr. Algae, 133; Sphaerococcus Brodiaei Agardh, Syn. 139; Among the rejectamenta of the sea near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston. On Holy Island, N.— P.J. Selby, Esq.

2. H. edulis

Agardh, Syn. 202; Berwick Flora, ii. 227; Fucus edulis Eng. Bot. 1307; Ner. Brit. 57, t. 12; Turn. Hist. t. 114; Iridaea edulis Gr. Algae, 158; On rocks on the coast, not rare.

3. H. palmata

Agardh, Syn. 204; Berwick Flora, ii. 228; Fucus palmatus Eng. Bot. 1306; Turn. Hist. t. 115; Rhodomenia palmata Gr. Algae, 93; On rocks and the stems of Algae, common.

207. CATENELLA

1. C. opuntia

Gr. Algae, 166; Halymenia opuntia Agardh, Syn. 217; Rivularia opuntia Eng. Bot. 1868; Fucus caespitosus Ner. Brit. t. 12. Among the rejectamenta of the sea, rare, N. and D.

208. SPHAEROCOCCUS

1. S. rubens

Agardh, Syn. 237; Fucus rubens Eng. Bot. 1053; Turn. Hist. t. 12; Ner. Brit. t. 19; F. prolifer Lightfoot, 949, t. 30; Phyllophora rubens Gr. Algae, 135; Halymenia rubens Bot. Gall. ii. 943; Berwick Flora, ii. 227; On the sea shore, not very rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. S. membranifolius

Agardh, Syn. 240; Fucus membranifolius Eng. Bot. 1965; Turn. Hist. t. 74; Ner. Brit. t. 20; Chondrus membranifolius Gr. Algae, 131; Halymenia membranifolia Bot. Gall. ii. 943; Berwick Flora, ii. 227; Upon rocks and stones on the coast, not rare.

3. S. crispus

Agardh, Syn. 256; Fucus crispus Eng. Bot. 2285; Ner. Brit. 19; Turn. Hist. t. 216 and 217; Chondrus crispus Gr. Algae, 129; Berwick Flora, ii. 230; Upon rocks and stones on the coast, not rare.

4. S. mammillosus

Agardh, Syn. 260; Fucus mammillosus Eng. Bot. 1054; Turn. Hist. t. 218; Chondrus mammillosus Gr. Algae, 127; Berwick Flora, ii. 230; On rocks and stones on the coast.

5. S. ciliatus

Agardh, Syn. 263; Fucus ciliatus Eng. Bot. 1069; Ner. Brit. 90, t. 15; Turn. Hist. t. 70; Rhodomenia ciliata Gr. Algae, 90; Among the rejectamenta on the Durham coast, rare.

6. S. laciniatus

Agardh, Syn. 297; Fucus laciniatus Turn. Hist. t. 69; Eng. Bot. 1068; F. crispatus Ner. Brit. 92, t. 15; Rhodomenia laciniata Gr. Algae, 86; Halymenia laciniata Bot. Gall. ii. 945; Berwick Flora, ii. 229; On rocks and stones on the coast, not rare.

7. S. bifidus

Agardh, Syn. 299; Fucus bifidus Turn. Hist. t. 154; Eng. Bot. t. 773; Rhodomenia bifida Gr. Algae, 85; Among the rejectamenta on the coast at Whitburn, D. At Tynemouth and Seaton Sluice, N., rare.

8. S. cristatus

Agardh, Syn. 300; Fucus cristatus Gr. Fl. Eds. 296; Turn. Hist. 23; F. gigartinus Fl. Dan. t, 394?; Rhodomenia cristata Gr. Algae, 89; Halymenia cristata Berwick Flora, ii. 229; On the coast at Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

9. S. confervoides

Agardh, Syn. 303; Fucus confervoides Eng. Bot. 1668; Turn. Hist. t. 84; F. verrucosus Ner. Brit. 27, t. 8; 96, t. 15; Gracillaria confervoides Gr. Algae, 123; On rocks and stones on the coast.

10. S. plicatus

Agardh, Syn. 313; Fucus plicatus Eng. Bot. 1089; Turn. Hist. t. 180; Ner. Brit. 23, t. 7; Gigartina plicata Gr. Algae, 150; Berwick Flora, ii. 234; Upon rocks and stones on the coast.

11. S. purpurascens

Agardh, Syn. 318; Fucus purpurascens Eng. Bot. 1243; Turn. Hist. t. 9; F. tuberculatus Lightfoot, 926; Gracillaria purpurascens Gr. Algae, 122; Gigartina purpurascens Bot. Gall. ii. 952; Berwick Flora, ii. 234; On the coast, not uncommon.

208. GELIDEUM

1. G. cornutum

Gr. Algae, 143; Berwick Flora, ii. 231; Sphaerococcus corneus Agardh, Syn. 279; Fucus corneus Eng. Bot. 1970; Ner. Brit. t. 12. On Basaltic rocks near Bamborough — Greville.

209. CHONDRIA

1. C. pinnatifida

Agardh, Syn. 337; Fucus pinnatifidus Eng. Bot. 1202; Turn. Hist. t. 20; Ner. Brit. 48, t. 11; Laurentia pinnatifida Gr. Algae, 108; Berwick Flora, ii. 231; Upon rocks and stones on the coast, frequent.

2. C. obtusa

Agardh, Syn. 340; Fucus obtusus Eng. Bot. 1201; Turn. Hist. t. 21; Laurentia obtusa Gr. Algae, 111; On Algae near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. C. clavellosa

Agardh, Syn. 353; Fucus clavellosus Eng. Bot. 1203; Turn. Hist. t. 30; Gastridium clavellosum Gr. Algae, 115; Lomentaria clavellosa Bot. Gall. ii. 950; Berwick Flora, ii. 233; Among the rejectamenta near Sunderland and Whitburn, D. Near Seaton, D. — John Hogg, Esq. Berwick Bay. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. C. articulata

Agardh, Syn. 357; Fucus articulatus Eng. Bot. 1574; Turn. Hist. t. 106; Ner. Brit. 28, t. 8; Lightfoot, 959; Gastridium articulatum Gr. Algae, 120; Lomentaria articulata Bot. Gall. ii. 950; Berwick Flora, ii. 233; Upon rocks on the coast, not rare.

210. GIGARTINA

1. G. flagelliformis

Bot. Gall. ii. 952; Berwick Flora, ii. 234; Chordaria flagelliformis Agardh, Syn. 166; Gr. Algae, 44; Fucus flagelliformis Eng. Bot. 1222; Ner. Brit. 41, t. 16; Turner, Hist. t. 85. In pools on the coast, frequent.

211. RHODOMELA

1. R. dentata

Agardh, Syn. 370; Fucus dentatus Eng. Bot. 1241; Turn. Hist. t. 13; Ner. Brit. 95, t. 15; Odontalia dentata Gr. Algae, 101; Berwick Flora, ii. 230; Among the rejectamenta of the sea, not rare. On the rocks called Hartley Bates, N. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. R. lycopodioides

Agardh, Syn. 377; Gr. Algae, 102; Berwick Flora, ii. 234; Fucus lycopodioides Eng. Bot. 1163; Turn. Hist. t. 12; F. Lycopodium Ner. Brit. 107, t. 17. On the stems of Laminaria diqitata not rare, N. and D. At Hartley Bates, N.— Mr. J. Thornhill. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. R. subfusca

Agardh, Syn. 378; Gr. Algae, 203; Berwick Flora, ii. 235; Fucus subfuscus Eng. Bot. 1164; Turn. Hist. t. 10. On rocks and the stems of Algae, not rare.

212. PTILOTA

1. P. plumosa

Agardh, Syn. 285; Plocamium plumosum Berwick Flora, ii. 232; Gr. Algae, 155; Fucus plumosus Eng. Bot. 1308; Turn. Hist. t. 60; Ner. Brit. 105, t. 15. β capillaris Gr. Fl. Eds. 297; On the stems of large Algae, but not common.

213. POLYIDES

1. P. lumbricalis

Agardh, Syn. 392; P. rotundus Gr. Algae, 70; Berwick Flora, ii. 233; Fucus rotundus Eng. Bot. 1738; Turn. Hist. t. 5; Ner. Brit. 15, t. 6. On rocks and stones on the coast, not rare. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

214. DUMONTIA

11. D. filiformis

Gr. Algae, 165; Berwick Flora, ii. 246; Halymenia filiformis Agardh, Syn. 214; Chondria purpurasecus Gr. Fl. Eds. 290; Ulva purpurascens Eng. Bot. 641; On rocks in pools left by the tide, frequent.

215. CHORDA

1. C. Filum

Gr. Algae, 47; Berwick Flora, ii. 247; Scytosiphon Filum Agardh, Syn. 161; Fucus Filum Eng. Bot. 2487; Turner, Hist. t. 86. On the coast in deep water.

216. ASPEROCOCCUS

1. A. echinatus

Gr. Alga, 50; Berwick Flora, ii. 248; Encoelium Lyngbyanum Gr. Crypt. Fl. t. 290; Fistularia attenuata Gr. Fl. Eds. 300; Ulva fislulosa Eng. Bot. 642; On the beach at Manhaven near Whitburn, D. Near Cullercoats, N. At Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

217. PUNCTARIA

1. P. plantaginea

Gr. Algae, 53; Berwick Flora, ii. 248; Zonaria plantaginea Sprengel, Syst. Veg. iv. 326; Ulva plantaginea Eng. Bot. 2136; On rocks near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

218. ZONARIA

1. Z. deusta

Spreng. Syst. Veg. 327; Berwick Flora, ii. 248; On rocks near high-water mark in Berwick Bay, frequent. — Dr. G. Johnston, who considers it Zonaria parvula of Greville, in a mature state.

219. PORPHYRA

1. P. laciniata

Gr. Algae, 168; Agardh, Syn. 190; Ulva laciniata Berwick Flora, ii. 249; Lightfoot, 974, t. 33; U. umbilicalis Eng. Bot. 2286; On rocks and stones on the coast, N. and D.

2. P. vulgaris

Gr. Algae, 169; P. purpurea Agardh, Syn. 191; Ulva umbilicaris var. elongata Gr. Fl. Eds. 299; On rocks and stones on the coast, N. and D.

220. ULVA

1. U. latissima

Gr. Algae, 171; Agardh, Syn. 407; Berwick Flora, ii. 250; U. Lactuca Eng. Bot. 1551; Gr. Fl. Eds. 299; U. Lactuca, var. latissima Lightfoot, 971; On stones and rocks, frequent. N. and D.

2. U. Lactuca

Agardh, Syn. 409; Gr. Crypt. 313; Algae, 172; Berwick Flora, ii. 250; On rocks on the coast, abundant.

3. U. linza

Agardh, Syn. 412; Gr. Fl. Eds. 299; Algae, 173; β lanceolata Dill. t. 9, f. 5. On the beach near Hartley, N. Near Sunderland, D. At Hartlepool, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

4. U. bullosa

Agardh, Syn. 414; Eng. Bot. 2320; Hook. Fl. Scot. 91; Berwick Flora, ii. 250; Gr. Algae, 174; U. lactuca Lightfoot, 971; Hudson, 567; In ditches at Jarrow Slake, D. In ponds in the Magdalen Fields at Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. U. crispa

Agardh, Syn. 416; Lightfoot, 972; Berwick Flora, ii. 250; Gr. Algae, 175; Tremella crispa Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 67; T. terrestris Dill. t. 10, f. 12. On old walls near Harton and Sunderland, D. On old walls and on the roofs of cottages, N. and D. On the ground in East Common Wood near Hexham, N. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

6. U. calophylla

Berwick Flora, ii. 251; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 368; Gr. Algae, 176; Bangia calophylla Crypt. t. 220. On rotten wood near Berwick, mixed with Conferva muralisDr. G. Johnston.

221. ENTEROMORPHA

1. E. intestinalis

Gr. Algae, 179; Fistularia intestinalis Gr. Fl. Eds. 300; Ulva intestinalis Agardh, Syn. 418; Dill, t. 9, f. 7; Berwick Flora, ii. 249; In Jarrow Slake and Coble Dene, on the Tyne, N. In the Tweed. Thompson's Berwick Plants. In the Wear near Southwick and Pallion, D.

2. E. compressa

Gr. Algae, 180; Fistularia compressa Fl. Eds. 300; Ulva compressa Agardh, Syn. 420; Eng. Bot. 1739; Berwick Flora, ii. 249; Dill. t. 9, f. 8. On the sea coast, not rare.

222. BRYOPSIS

1. B. plumosa

Agardh, Syn. 448; Ulva plumosa Eng. Bot. 2375; Gr. Algae, 187; In rocky basins on the coast at Whitburn, Seaton, and Hartlepool, D. At Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. VAUCHERIA

1. V. terrestris

Gr. Algae, 191; Berwick Flora, ii. 251; Under shelving rocks on the coast near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. V. caespitosa

Gr. Algae, 194; Berwick Flora, ii. 251; Conferva amphibia Dillwyn. t. 41; Common on mill dams, and wherever wood is exposed to the dropping of water.

3. V. geminata

Gr. Algae, 139, t. 19, f. 3; Berwick Flora, ii. 252; Eng. Bot. 1766; In ditches near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. V. Dillwynii

Gr. Alga, 191; Fl. Eds. 305; Berwick Flora, ii 251; Conferva frigida Dillwyn, t. 16. C. amphibia Dillwyn, t. 41; α In moist shady places. β in ponds and ditches.

5. V. granulata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 306; Tremella granulata Eng. Bot. 324; On the ground in damp places.

224. NODULARIA

1. N. fluviatilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 300; Conferva fluviatilis Dillwyn. t. 29; Eng. Bot. 1763; Lemanea fluviatilis Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 84; Berwick Flora, ii. 246. In Cawsey Bourn and rivulets near Lanchester, also in all the rivulets in the west of the county of Durham. Among the Cheviots, and in the Irthing at Gilsland, N.

225. DICTYOSIPHON

1. D. foeniculatum

Gr. Algae, 56; Berwick Flora, ii. 246; Conferva foeniculata Lightfoot, 981; Halymenia subtilis Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 108. In rocky pools on the Durham coast. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

226. GLOINEMA

1. G. foetidum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 301; Conferva foetida Dillwyn, t. 104; Eng. Bot. 2101; On rocks and stones at Tynemouth, N. At Hartlepool, D.

227. BANGIA

1. B. fusco-purpurea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 301; Berwick Flora, ii. 259; Conferva fusco-purpurea Eng. Bot. 2055; Dillwyn, t. 92; C. atro-purpurea Dillwyn, t. 103; Eng. Bot. 2085; Gr. Algae, 177; In Limestone caves between Sunderland and Shields, on Marsden Rocks and Sunderland Pier, D. On Blackhall Rocks, D. — John Hogg, Esq. Near Berwick upon Tweed, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. B. Johnstoni

Greville, MSS.; Berwick Flora, ii. 260; On Slate rocks near Berwick. Not uncommon at high-water mark. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. B. Laminariae

Gr. Fl. Eds. 302; Berwick Flora, ii. 259; Parasitical on the fronds of Laminaria esculentaDr. G. Johnston.

4. B. ? atro-virens

Gr. Fl. Eds. 302; Conferva atro-virens Dillwyn, t. 25; Cornicularia pubescens Ach. Syn. 302; Lichen pubescens Eng. Bot. 2318; Lightfoot. 893. On Simonside and Cheviot, N. On stones in Hag Crag in Teesdale Forest, D. — Rev. J. Harriman.

228. SCYTONEMA

1. S. ocellatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 302; Conferva ocellata Dillwyn, Sup. t. D; Eng. Bot, 2530; In springs near Hamsterley, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

2. S. comoides

Conferva comoides Dillwyn, t. 27; Eng. Bot. 1700; C. radicans Dillwyn, 72, t. C; Eng. Bot. 2138; On rocks, stones, and the stems of Fuci, N. and D. Near Seaton, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

3. S. Myochrous

Conferva Myocrous Eng. Bot. 1555; Dillwyn. t. 19. In springs near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

229. OSCILLATORIA

1. O. limosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 303; Berwick Flora, ii. 265; Conferva fontinalis Dillwyn, t. 64; In slow streams, ponds, &c, common. floating on the surface of the water.

2. O. tenuis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 303; Conferva limosa Dillwyn. t. 20; Eng. Bot. t. 2053; In wells and slow streams.

3. O. ochracea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 304; Berwick Flora, ii. 265; Conferva ochracea Dillwyn, t. 62; In springs near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Benwell, N. I suspect that this plant owes its colour, from the water in which it grows, being impregnated with iron.

4. O. scopulorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 304; Conferva scopulorum Eng. Bot. 2171; Dillwyn, Sup. t. A. On rocks on the coast.

5. O. viridis

Bot. Gall. ii. 993; Berwick Flora, ii. 264; On mud in stagnant water. In the Low below Goswick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. O. decorticans

Gr. Fl. Eds. 304; Conferva decorticata Dillwyn, t. 26; On damp wood and pumps, also on walls.

7. O. confervicola

Conferva confervicola Dillwyn, t. 8; Eng. Bot. 2576; On the stems of Algae.

8. O. vaginata

Conferva vaginata Dillwyn, t. 99; Eng. Bot. 1995; Vaginaria epthonoplustes Gr. Fl. Eds. 305, f. 1; Gray, i. 280; On damp walls, garden posts, &c.

9. O. aeruginea

Dillwyn, t. T.E; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 75; On the beach near Hartley, N. Near Sunderland, D.

10. O. violacca

Berwick Flora, ii. 264; Conferva violacca Hudson, 592; C. confragosa With. iv. 156; Lightfoot. ii. 976; C. mucosa Dillwyn, Musc. 15, t. 2, f. 4. On stones in rapid streams near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

230. BULBOCHAETA

1. B. setigera

Agardh, Syn; Conferva vivipara Dillwyn, t. 59; Eng. Bot. 2086; At Rice Carr, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

231. ASPEROCAULON

1. A. Arbuscula

Gr. Fl. Eds. 307; Conferva arbuscula Dillwyn, t. 85; Eng. Bot. 1916; On rocks on the coast near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. Near Whitburn, D.

2. A. coccincum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 307; Conferva coccinea Dillwyn, t. 36; Eng. Bot. 1055; On rocks and stones on the coast.

232. POLYSIPHONIA

1. P. fastigiata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 308; Berwick Flora, ii. 235; Conferva polymorpha Dillwyn, t. 44; Eng. Bot. 1764; On the stems of large Fuci, abundant.

2. P. fucoides

Gr. Fl. Eds. 308; Berwick Flora, ii. 236; Conferva fucoides Dillwyn, t. 75; Eng. Bot. 1743; C. nigrescens Eng. Bot. 1717; On stones and rocks on the coast, frequent.

3. P. Brodiaei

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 349; Berwick Flora, ii. 237; Conferva Brodioei Eng. Bot. 2589; Dillwyn, t. 107; C. atro-rubesceus Dillwyn, t. 70; In Berwick Bay, N. — Dr. G. Johnston. On rocks on the coast, and on Algae, N. and D.

4. P. urceolata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 309; Berwick Flora, ii. 238; Conferva urceolata Eng. Bot. 2365; Dillwyn, 82, t. G. On rocks, stones, and large Fuci, N. and D. Near Berwick-upon-Tweed, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. P. nigrescens

Berwick Flora, ii. 236; Conferva nigrescens Dillwyn, Syn. p. 81. On the coast near Berwick, rare. — Dr. G. Johnston.

6. P. parasitica

Gr. Fl. Eds. 309; Conferva parasitica Eng. Bot. 1429; Dillwyn, 87. On the stems of Algae, rare.

7. P. stricta

Gr. Fl. Eds. 309; Berwick Flora, ii. 237; Conferva stricta Dillwyn, t. 40; On rocks on the coast near Cullercoats, N. Near Whitburn, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

8. P. Agardhiana

Gr. Crypt, t. 210; On rocks and stones on the coast, D.

9. P. spinulosa

Gr. Crypt, t. 90; Among the rejectamenta of the sea at Whitburn, D.

10. P. badia

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 350; Berwick Flora, ii. 237; Conferva badia Dillwyn, Syn. 85. On the coast near Berwick upon Tweed. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. P. allochroa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 309; Berwick Flora, ii. 238; Conferva fibrata Dillwyn, p. 84, t. 9. On the sides of caves on the coast near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston. At Holy Island, N.

233. CERAMIUM

1. C. elongatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 310; Berwick Flora, ii. 238; Conferva elongata Dillwyn, t. 33; Eng. Bot. 2429; On stones and rocks, frequent. N. and D.

2. C. rubrum

Gr. Fl, Eds. 310; Berwick Flora, ii. 239; Conferva rubra Eng. Bot. t. 1166; Dillwyn, t. 33 and 34; On rocks and the stems of Fuci, common.

3. C. diaphanum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 310; Berwick Flora, ii. 239; Conferva diaphana Eng. Bot. 1742; Dillwyn, t. 38; On rocks, stones, and large Fuci, not rare. On the beach at Hartlepool and Seaton, D.— J. Hogg, Esq.

4. C. ciliatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 311; Berwick Flora, ii. 240; Conferva ciliata Dillwyn, t. 53; Eng. Bot. 2428; On rocks and stones on the coast, rare.

5. C. Mertensii

Conferva Mertensii Eng. Bot. 999; On rocks opposite Seaton, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Is this a plant?

6. C. Linum

Conferva Linum Eng. Bot. 2363; C. capillaris Dillwyn, t. 9; Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 77; In ditches near Jarrow Slake, D. In salt marshes near Hartlepool, D.— J. Hogg, Esq. In salt marshes near Hartley, N.

7. C. flexuosum

Conferva flexuosa Dillwyn, t. 10; Eng. Bot. 1944; In Jarrow Slake and Southwick Marsh, D.

8. C. pulchellum

Conferva corymbifera Eng. Bot. 1996; C. chalybea Dillwyn, t. 91; In springs near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

9. C. tetragonum

Conferva tetragona Dillwyn, t. 65; Eng. Bot. 1690; On rocks at Hartlepool, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

10. C. ? vermiculatum

Rivularia vermiculata Eng. Bot. 1818; On the coast at Seaton, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

234. CALLITHAMNION

1. C. purpurascens

Berwick Flora, ii. 240; C. roseum Gr. Fl. Eds. 311; Conferva purpurascens Eng. Bot. 2465; C. roseum Eng. Bot. 966; Dillwyn, t. 17?; On Algae and rocks, not rare. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. Turneri

Berwick Flora, ii. 241; Ceramium Turneri Gr. Crypt, t. 355; Conferva Turneri Dillwyn, t. 100; Eng. Bot. 2339; In Berwick Bay on Furcellaria lumbricalisDr. G. Johnston.

3. C. Rothii

Gr. Fl. Eds. 312; Berwick Flora, ii. 241; Ceramium Rothii Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 85; Conferva Rothii Dillwyn, t. 73; Eng. Bot. 1702; On rocks and stones on the coast, but not common, N. and D. Near Berwick upon Tweed. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. C. repens

Berwick Flora, ii. 241; Conferva repens Dillwyn, t. 18; Eng. Bot. 1608; Upon the coast on Fuci, N. and D. At Scremmerston near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

235. GRIFFITHSIA

1. G. setacea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 312; Berwick Flora, ii. 242; Conferva setacea Eng. Bot. 1689; Dillwyn, t. 82; Among the rejectamenta on the coast, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. G. equisetifolia

Gr. Fl. Eds. 312; Conferva equisetifolia Eng. Bot. 98; Dillwyn, t. 54; On the beach at Hartlepool, D.

3. G. corallina

Hook. Fl. Scot. 84; Conferva corallina Dillwyn, 98; Eng. Bot. 1815; Lightfoot, 988; On the coast near Hartley, and at Newbiggin, N. In Manhaven near Whitburn, D.

236. CLADOSTEPHUS

1. C. verticillatus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 312; Conferva verticillata Dillwyn, t. 55; Eng. Bot. 1718; On the beach at Sunderland and Hartlepool, D.

2. C. spongiosus

Gr. Fl. Eds. 313; Berwick Flora, ii. 245; Conferva spongiosa Eng. Bot. 2427; Dillwyn, t. 42; On rocks near Hartley, N. Near Hartlepool, Whitburn, and Sunderland, D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

237. TRENTEPOHLIA

1. T. pulchella

Berwick Flora, ii. 242; Conferva nana Eng. Bot. t. 2585; In sub-alpine brooks on mosses, N. and D.

1. T. chalybaea

Berwick Flora, ii. 241; Conferva chalybaea Dillwyn, t. 91; C. corymbifera Eng. Bot. t. 1996; In sub-alpine rivulets, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

238. SPHACELLARIA

1. S. scoparia

Gr. Fl. Eds. 313; Conferva scoparia Eng. Bot. 1552; Dillwyn, t. 52. On the sea shore, not rare.

2. S. pennata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 313; Conferva pennata Dillwyn, t. 86; Eng. Bot. t. 2330 (the upper and lower figures); On the coast near Sunderland, D.

239. ECTOCARPUS

1. E. littoralis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 314; Berwick Flora, ii. 245; Conferva littoralis Dillwyn, t. 31; Eng. Bot. 2290; On rocks and wood-work on the coast.

2. E. tomentosus

Gr. Crypt. t. 316; Conferva tomentosa Dillwyn, t. 56; On the stems of Fuci, but not common.

240. AMPHICONIUM

1. A. aureum

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 334; Berwick Flora, ii. 243; Ectocarpus aureus Gr. Fl. Eds. 315; Ceramium aureum Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 86; Conferva aurea Dillwyn, t. 35; C. ilicicola Eng. Bot. 1639; Byssus aurea Eng. Bot. 212; With, iv. 190; On rocks in Cawsey Wood, also near Gainford and Sunderland, and on the bark of the Holly in Gibside and Ravensworth woods, D. On rocks at Roadley, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. A. Linnaei

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 345; Berwick Flora, ii. 245; On the bark of Ash Trees.— Dr. G. Johnston.

241. CONFERVA

1. C. tortuosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 315; Eng. Bot. 2220; Dillwyn, t. 46; Berwick Flora, ii. 253; On the Tweed side above the Old Castle, Berwick, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. flaccida

Gr. Fl. Eds. 316; Dillwyn, p. 53, t. C; Eng. Bot. 2310; Berwick Flora, ii. 253; C. curta Dillwyn, t. 76; On Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosusMr. Backhouse N. and D. At Seaton, D. — . Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

3. C. fucicola

Gr. Fl. Eds. 316; Dillwyn, t. 66; Berwick Flora, ii. 253; Parasitical on Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus .

4. C. lanosa

Gr. Fl. Eds. 316; Eng. Bot. 2099; Dillwyn, Syn. t. E; On Alga; on the coast, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. C. rupestris

Gr. Fl. Eds. 316; Dillwyn, t. 23; Eng. Bot. 1699; Berwick Flora, ii. 255; On rocks and stones on the coast, common. Near Berwick. — Dr. G.Johnston.

6. C. confervicola

Dillwyn, Syn. 38, t. 8 and t. A; Eng. Bot. 2576; Berwick Flora, ii. 252; Parasitical on small Algae;. Near BerwickDr. G. Johnston.

7. C. flacca

Dillwyn, Syn. 53, t. 49; Eng. Bot. 1943; Berwick Flora, ii. 253; Parasitical on large Algae. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

8. C. capillaris

Eng. Bot. 2364; Berwick Flora, ii. 253; C. crispa Dillwyn, Syn. 46, t. B. Near Berwick, in small streams. — Dr. G. Johnston.

9. C. fugacissima

Gr. Fl. Eds. 317; Dillwyn, Syn. p. 43, t. B; In springs on moors near Wolsingham, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

10. C. sordida

Gr. Fl. Eds. 317; Eng. Bot. 2303; Dillwyn, t. 60; Berwick Flora, ii. 254; In ditches and pools, frequent. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

11. C. rivularis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 318; Dillwyn, t. 39; Eng. Bot. 1654; Berwick Flora, ii. 254; β bipartita Eng. Bot. 2302; Dillwyn, Syn. No. 19, t. 105. α In streams. β in pools, &c.

12. C. fracta

Gr. Fl. Eds. 318; Dillwyn, t. 14; Eng. Bot. 2338; Berwick Flora, ii. 255; In ditches and pools not rare. Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

13. C. glomerata, α. fluviatilis

Gr. Fl. Eds. 318; Dillwyn, t. 13; Eng. Bot. 2192; β littoralis, Berwick Flora, ii. 255;C. laete-virensDillwyn, t. 48;Eng. Bot. 1854; Pandon Dene near Newcastle and in Heaton Dene, N. In Umby Springs near Conniscliff, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Berwick in springs.— Dr. G. Johnston. β on the sea shore of Northumberland and Durham.

14. C. alternata

Dillwyn, Syn. No. 22, B; Eng. Bot. 2304; In pools and ditches not rare.

15. C. riparia

Eng. Bot. t. 2100; Dillwyn, 111, t. E; Berwick Flora, ii. 254; On rocks at Tynemouth, &c., N. At Hudshead, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

16. C. zonata

Dillwyn, Syn. 41; Berwick Flora, ii. 254; C. lucens Eng. Bot. 1655; Dillwyn, t. 47; In rivulets in the west of the county of Durham. In the river Skern Near Darlington. — Mr. Backhouse. In streams near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

17. C. aegagropila

Eng. Bot. 1377; Dillwyn, t. 87; In Prestwick Carr, N.

18. C. nivea

Eng. Bot. 2529; Dillwyn, Syn. 54, T.C; In the sulphur springs at Dinsdale and Middleton-one-Row, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

19. C. lactea

Dillwyn, t. 79; In the rivulets in Cawsey and Ravensworth woods, D. In the Skern Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

20. C. ericetorum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 318; Eng. Bot. 1553; Dillwyn, 1; On the Teesdale moors, D. On moors near Hexham, and Gilsland, N. On Green Leighton Moss, and on moors near Hunstanworth, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

21. C. rubiginosa

On rotten sticks in Cawsey and Ravensworth woods,

22. C. pectinalis

Dillwyn, t. 51; Eng. Bot. 1611; Attached to dead leaves in ditches near Hamsterley, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

23. C. protensa

Dillwyn, t. 67; In a spring Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

24. C. castanea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 319; Dillwyn, t. 72; Eng. Bot. 1701; In Scotswood Dene and other woods near Newcastle and Wallington, N.

25. C. Orthotrichi

Gr. Fl. Eds. 319; Dillwyn, t. 89; C. muscicola Eng. Bot. 1038; On various species of Orthotrichum, and on Bartramia fontana, N. and D.

26. C. ebenca

Gr. Fl. Eds. 319; Dillwyn, t. 100; Byssus nigra Eng. Bot. 702; On rocks in woods, and upon trunks of trees, N. and D. In Cawsey Wood, and at Hamsterley, D.

27. C. purpurea

Dillwyn, t. 43; Byssus purpurea Eng. Bot. 192; On rocks and stones in Alpine situations, and in Limestone caverns near Whitburn and Sunderland, D. On Limestone rocks Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

28. C. lichenicola

Eng. Bot. t. 1609; Growing on Lecidea marmorea in the west of the county of Durham.

29. C. cryptarum

Eng. Bot. 2588; Byssus cryptarum Northumberland and Durham Guide, ii. 80; In caves in the Limestone rocks between South Shields and Sunderland, D.

30. C. ? velutina

Dillwyn, 77; Gr. Fl. Eds. 319; Eng. Bot. 1556; On damp ground and the banks of hedges, not rare. Both Mr. Drummond, of Cork, and Dr. Greville agree in considering this heretofore species nothing more than the radicals of Polytrichum aloides and, that Conferva scarcely to be distinguished from it is so of Bryum caespetitium careful observation has convinced me. It is by no means improbable that other supposed Conferva :, upon close investigation, may turn out to be no more than the first germination of mosses. I would particularly direct the attention of botanists to Oscillatoria muralis

242. ZYGNEMA

1. Z. genuflexum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 320; Berwick Flora, ii. 257; Conferva genuflexa Eng. Bot. 1914; Dillwyn, t. 6; In pools and ditches, N. and D. At Polam, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. Z. deciminum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 320; Berwick Flora, ii. 255; Conferva nitida Eng. Bot. 2337; Dillwyn, t. 4, A, B; C. jugalis Dillwyn, t. 5; In ditches Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse. Near Wallington, N. Near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

3. Z. quininum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 320; Berwick Flora, ii. 256; Conferva spiralis Dillwyn, t. 3; Eng. Bot. 1656; In pools and ditches not rare. Near Berwick.— Dr G. Johnston.

4. Z. bipunctatum

Gr. Fl. Eds. 300; Berwick Flora, ii. 256; Conferva bipunetata Dillwyn, t. 2; Eng. Bot. 1610; In ditches Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

243. DRAPARNALDIA

1. D. glomerata

Gr. Fl. Eds. 321; Conferva mutabilis Eng, Bot 1746; In ditches Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

2. D. plumosa

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 369; Berwick Flora, ii. 258; Conferva lubrica Eng. Bot. t. 2087; C. mutabilis Dillwyn, 63, t. 12. In springs near Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

244. BATRACHOSPERMUM

1. B. moniliforme

Hook. Fl. Scot, ii. 77; Berwick Flora, ii. 257; Conferva gelatinosa Eng. Bot. 689; Dillwyn, Syn. 63, t. 22. In springs at the head of Horsley Hope Bourn near Healey Field, D. In springs near Wardrew and Wallington, and in loughs on the moors, N.

2. B. atrum

Conferva atra Dillwyn, t. 11; Eng. Bot. 690; In Horsley Hope Bourn, D.

3. B. caerulescens

Berwick Flora, ii. 258; In moss holes on the moors near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

245. CHAETOPHORA

1. C. elegans

Gr. Fl. Eds. 321; Rivularia elegans Eng. Bot. 1797; In Prestwick Carr, N. In ditches Near Darlington, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

2. C. marina

Gr. Fl. Eds. 322; Gr. Crypt, t. 53; Berwick Flora, ii. 260; Rivularia tuberiformis Eng. Bot. 1956; On the sea coast upon rocks, shells, and corallines. At Holy Island, N.

3. C. endiviaefolia

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 371; Berwick Flora, ii. 261; Ulva incrassata Eng. Bot. t. 967; Hudson, 572; Tremella incrassata Hull, 310; In ditches Near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse. On Limestone in fresh-water ponds near Scremmerston, N. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. C. tuberculosa

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 371; Berwick Flora, ii. 260; Rivularia tuberculosa Eng. Bot. 2366; In springs near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

246. LINCKIA

1. L. dura, β calcarea

Gr. Fl. Eds. 322; Berwick Flora, ii. 261; Rivularia calcarea Eng. Bot. 1799; In pools of water in Teesdale Forest, D. On moors near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. L. atra

Gr. Fl. Eds. 322; Berwick Flora, ii. 261; Rivularia atra Eng. Bot. 1798; On the sea shores upon Algae and corralines.

247. COCCOCHLORIS

1. C. protuberans

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 373; Berwick Flora, ii. 262; Palmella protuberans Gr. Fl. Eds. 323; Crypt, t. 243 f. 1; On rocks covered with moss and Lichens near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. C. radicata

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 372; Berwick Flora, ii. 262; Palmella botryoides Gr. Fl. Eds. 323; Crypt, t. 243, f. 2; On moist heathy banks. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. C. vulgaris

Berwick Flora, ii. 263; Chlorococcum vulgare Gr. Crypt. t. 262; Lepraria botryoides Ach. Syn. 331. Common on wood in damp places.

4. C. cruenta

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 373; Berwick Flora, ii. 263; Tremella cruenta Eng. Bot. 1800; Palmella cruenta Gr. Crypt, t. 205; On the lower parts of damp walls, frequent.

5. C. rupestris

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 373; Berwick Flora, ii. 263; Palmella rupestris Lyngby, Hyd. Dan. 207, t. 69; Dr. G. Johnston On rocks at the calcareous spring below Twizell Castle, N. — Rev. A. Baird. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

248. LYNGBIA

1. L. muralis

Bot. Gall. ii. 987; Berwick Flora, ii. 258; Oscellatoria muralis Gr. Fl. Eds. 304; Conferva muralis Eng. Bot. 1554; Dillwyn, 39, t. 7; β autumnalis Oscillatoria autumnalis Gr. Fl. Eds. 305; Agardh, Syn. 106; Lingby, 95. On damp walls and wood work, everywhere.

249. NOSTOC

1. N. commune

Gr. Fl. Eds. 322; Berwick Flora, ii. 262; Tremella Nostoc Eng. Bot. 461; In meadows and pastures, N. and D. On walls near Berwick.

2. N. verrucosum

Tremella verrucosa With. iv. 96; On stones in Horsley-hope Bourn, D.

3. N. intumescens

Tremella intumescens Eng. Bot. 1870; With. iv. 95; On Limestone rocks near Old Park, Stanhope, D. — W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

4. N. caeruleum

Gr. Crypt, t. 131; Upon moss near Picktree and Lambton, D.

250. PALMELLA

1. P. botryoides

Gr. Fl. Eds. 323; Crypt, t. 243; Upon the ground on heaths and moors, N. and D. On walls near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. P. protuberans

Gr. Fl. Eds. 323; Gr. Crypt. 243; Ulva protuberans Eng. Bot. 2583; Coccochloris protuberans Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 373. Upon mosses on moors, not common.

251. MONEMA

1. M. Dillwynii

Gr. Syn. 38; Crypt, t. 297; On Slaty rocks, particularly when covered with a thin coating of fine mud, on the coast at Berwick.— Dr. G. Johnston.

2. M. apiculata

Gr. Syn. 38; Gloionema apiculata Crypt, t. 30; On rocks and stones on the coast, rare.

252. SCHIZONEMA

1. S. Smithii

Gr. Syn. 38; Crypt, t. 298; Berwick Flora, ii. 260; Ulva foetida Eng. Bot. t. 2101; On Algae, &c., not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

253. GOMPHONEMA

1. G. minutissima

Gr. Syn. 39; Crypt, t. 244, f. 1; Berwick Flora, ii. 266; In ditches. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. G. paradoxum

Gr. Syn. 38; Berwick Flora, ii. 266; Echinella paradoxa Gr. Crypt, t, 25; On marine plants, not rare, N. and D. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. G. geminatum

Gr. Crypt. t. 244; Syn. 39; Berwick Flora, ii. 266; On moors near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

254. EXILARIA

1. E. circularis

Gr. Syn. 37; Echinella circularis Gr. Crypt, t. 35; Berwick Flora, ii. 267; On plants in rivulets. — Dr. G. Johnston.

2. E. fasciculata

Gr. Syn. 37; Echinella fasciculata Gr. Crypt. t. 16, f. 1, 3, and t. 298, f. 3, a; Berwick Flora, ii. 266; On stones and small Alga?, not very rare, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

3. E. truncata

Gr. Syn. 37; Echinella fasiculata Crypt, t. 16 f. 4; Berwick Flora, ii. 267; On Fuci, &c, near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

4. E. acuta

Echinella acuta Berwick Flora, ii. 267; Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.

5. E. lunulata

Echinella lunata Berwick Flora, ii. 267; In streams attached to plants.— Dr. G. Johnston.

ADDENDA

Containing Plants and Habitats ascertained since the preceding Pages were printed

PART I

Veronica montana

, Page 2, Genus 6, No. 7; In the woods at Wardrew, N., abundant.

Utricularia intermedia

, P. 2, G. 8, No. 2; In a bog near Crag Lake, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

U. minor

, P. 2, G. 8, No. 3; In ditches on Baron House Bog, about a mile from Wardrew, N.

Iris foetidissima

, P. 3, G. 16, No. 2; In a wood to the north of Sunderland Bridge, near Rushyford, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

Scirpus pauciflorus

, P. 3, G. 19, No. 2; By the Irthing near Gilsland, N.

S. fluitans

, P. 3, G. 19, No. 3; In Bromley Lake, N.— Mr. J. Thompson.

Eriophorum pubescens

, P. 4, G. 21, No. 3; Near Bourn House, in the neighbourhood of Ridley Hall, N. — Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

Sagina maritima

, P. 11, G. 65, No. 2; On the coast near Hartley Bates, N.

S. apetala

, P. 11, G. 65, No. 3; On the coast at Newbiggin and Near Hartley, N.

Myosotis repens (Creeping Water Scorpion-grass),

Eng. Bot. 2703; Berwick Flora, ii. 274; Hook. Br. Fl. 83; M. palustris M. scorpioides Alpine variety; Northumberland and Durham Guide, i. 18; By the Irthing, on the moors above Gilsland, and by the rivulet near the summit of Cheviot, N. In the vale below Langley Ford, and in Horncliff Dene. — Dr. G. Johnston. On the moors near Redpath, N.— W.C. Trevelyan, Esq. By the High Force, and on Widdy Bank, D. — Mr. Backhouse. This plant requires too long a specific character to be a very good species. — See Eng. Bot. Sowerby's drawing in that work appears to me to be very faithful, and the yellowish hue of the herbage true to nature. Is it not a moorland variety of M. palustris?

Primula farinosa

, P. 13, G. 77, No. 2; On bogs near Chollerford Bridge N.

Viola lutea

, P. 14, G. 86, No. 6; The blue variety, on Wall-Town Crags, N.

Atropa Belladonna

, P. 15, G. 90, No. 1; On the banks of a rivulet which enters the Tweed at Horncliff, N Mr. H. Carr, in Berwick Flora.

Oenanthe crocata

, Page 19, Genus 122, No. 4; By Dr. Hooker's remarks in his British Flora, at p. 123, my attention has been recalled to a plant of common occurrence on the banks of Tyne and the other rivers in this neighbourhood, which, from Smith's description, and Sowerby's figure at 2213, of the English Botany, and in the Medical Botany, t. 267, I had considered as the Hemlock Water Dropwort, overlooking the circumstance, that Oenanthe crocata has a yellow juice. Lamarck and De Candolle, in their Flora of France, Woodville, in the Medical Botany, and Dr. Withering, in his Arrangement of British Plants, make no mention of this yellow fluid, but Sprengel, in his edition of the Systema Vegetabilium, i. 889, when speaking of the plant says, "Succo luteo venenoso scatet;" and when he describes the succeeding plant, Oenanthe apiifolia adopted from Brotero's Flora Lusitanica, he adds to a description which, with the exception of the stem being smooth instead of furrowed, might answer for either species, "Succo nullo peculiari gaudet." Certain it is, that in this particular, the Water Dropwort of our district resembles the Portuguese plant, but whether it be identically the same, I cannot take upon me to say for want of authenticated specimens of the Celery-leaved Water Dropwort.

Galanthus nivalis

, P. 21, G. 145, No. 1; In the dene at Halton Castle, N.

Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus

, P. 21, G. 146, No. 2; Near Chillingham, N.— Mrs. Langhorne, in Berwick Flora.

Allium Schoenoprasum

, P. 22, G. 147, No. 5; This plant, which is notenumerated in Ray's Synopsis of British Species, grows in considerable abundance on the flat Basaltic rocks between the Roman Station at Wall-Town and the Crags, near an ancient well called the King's Well, N.

Ornithogalum luteum

, P. 22, G. 149, No. 1; In woods at Halton Castle, N. — Miss Atkinson, of Carlisle.

Convallaria multiflora

, P. 22, G. 151, No. 3; Near Stannington Bridge, N.— Mr. R.B. Bowman. Probably naturalized in that locality.

Juncus lampocarpus

P. 23, G. 153, No. 12; Hooker, Fl. Brit. 162; J. nigritellus Eng. Bot. 2643; Near the Bourn House, three quarters of a mile south of Ridley Hall, and in Lipwood Moss, two miles north of Lipwood, N.— Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

Epilobium angustifolium

, Page 24, Genus 165, No. 1; At Hareshaw Linn, to the north of Bellingham, N. — Mr. John Thompson.

Vaccinium uliginosum

, P. 25, G. 167, No. 2; On the summit of Wall-Town Crags, and on the moor near Caervoran, and on Baron House Bog, a mile from Wardrew, N.

Daphne Laureola

, P. 25, G. 170, No. 2; In hedges near Hedworth, D. — Mr. John Thornhill, Jun.

Paris quadrifolia

, P. 26, G. 173, No. 1; In the woods at Gilsland, N.— Miss Atkinson, of Carlisle. Near Lipwood, N.— Miss E. Errington. In the dene at Halton Castle, N.

Pyrola minor

, P. 27, G. 179, No. 3; On the banks of the Irthing below the Cascade, near Gilsland, N.

Saxifraga aizoides

, P. 28, G. 181, No. 3; On rocks close to Gilsland Spa, sparingly, but in abundance beyond the upper stepping stones, and by the Cascade of the Irthing, two miles above Wardrew, N.

S. tridactylites

, P. 28, G. 181, No. 5; On Wall-Town Crags, N.

Dianthus deltoides

, P. 28, G. 184, No. 2; In fields near Wolsingham, D. — Mr. Backhouse.

Arenaria verna

, P. 29, G. 187, No. 4; On Spindlestone Crags N. — Mr. R. Embleton, in Berwick Flora.

Reseda lutea

, P. 31, G. 197, No. 2; Berwick Flora, ii. 281; On Spital Links, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

Rosa scabriuscula

, P. 33, G. 203, No. 6; In woods at Wardrew, N.

Rubus suberectus (Red-fruited Bramble)

, P. 33, G. 204, No. 8; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 406; Eng. Bot. 2572; Hook. Fl. Scot. 159; Anderson, Lin. Tr. xi. 218, t. 16; At Hareshaw Linn, a little to the north of Bellingham, N.— Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

R. affinis (Great Hairy Bramble)

P. 35, G. 204, No. 8; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 405; By the Skerne near Darlington, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

Tormentilla reptans

, P. 35, G. 207, No. 2; Near Cowpen, N.— Miss E. Errington, Sp.

Geum urbanum, β intermedium

, P. 35, G. 208, No. 1. In woods at Gilsland, N.— Miss Atkinson, of Carlisle. Near Warden Mill and Warkworth, N.— Miss E. Errington, Sps.

Trollius europaeus

, P. 38, G. 226, No. 1; In boggy meadows between Wardrew and Wall-Town Crags, N.

Scutellaria galericulata

, P. 41, G. 245, No. 1; Near Reedsmouth, N.— Mr. John Thompson.

Lathraea squamaria

, P. 41, G. 251, No. 1; Near Lipwood House and Ridley Hall, N.— Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

Arabis hirsuta

, P. 45, G. 276, No. 2; On Wall-Town Crags, N.

Vicia sylvatica

, P. 48, G.294, No. 1; On the banks of Allen not far from Ridley Hall, N.

V. sativa

Page 48, Genus 294, No. 3; V. Bobartii Eng. Bot. 2708; On the sea coast and Magnesian Limestone, not rare.

V. lathyroides

, P. 48, G. 294, No. 4; On the edges of fields near Cullercoats, N.— Mr. R.B. Bowman, Sp. in seed. On the sea banks near South Shields, and below Westoe, D.

Melilotus leucantha

, P. 49, G. 300, No. 2; Eng. Bot. 2689; Trifolium leucanthum Berwick Flora, ii. 286; Near Cowpen, N.— Miss E. Errington, Sps. In Coupland plantations near Wooler, and on the sea banks near Berwick, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

Hieracium murorum

, P. 51, G. 312, No. 2; On rocks at Gilsland, N. Near Crag Lake, N.— Mr. J. Thompson.

H. sylvaticum

, P. 51, G. 312, No. 3; At Thorngrafton, near Bardon Mill, N Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

H. sabaudum

Stem tall, slender, leaves lanceolate, narrow, slightly toothed, hairy on their under sides and edges, and supported by long foot-stalks, and blotched with blackish purple oblong spots. This singular variety was gathered by Mr. John Thompson, at Thorngrafton, in the vale of South Tyne, N. β, P. 51, G. 312, No. 5.

H. prenanthoides (Rough-bordered Hawk-weed)

, P. 51, G. 312, No. 8; Sm. Eng. Fl. iii. 368; Eng. Bot. 2235; Hook. Fl. Scot. 232; H. spicatum Dick, in Linn. Tr. ii. 288. On the banks of Allen, not far from Ridley Hall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson, Sp.

Orchis bifolia

, P. 56, G. 344, No. 1; About Wardrew, N., abundant.

O. viridis

, P. 56, G. 344, No. 7; On Doddington Moor, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

O. latifolia

β, P. 56, G. 344, No. 8; The most common variety about Wardrew, N.

Listera Nidus-avis

, P. 57, G. 347, No. 3; In woods at Gilsland, pointed out by Miss Atkinson, of Carlisle. Near Streatlam Castle, D.— Miss M. Hancock.

L. cordata

, P. 50, G. 347, No. 2; On Hedgehope, N.— Dr. G. Johnston.

Carex dioica

, P. 59, G. 357, No. 1; Near the Irthing at Wardrew, N.

C. curta

, P. 59, G. 357, No. 5; On the Muckle Moss, N.— Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

C. limosa

, P. 59, G. 357, No. 17; On the Muckle Moss, N.— Mr. John Thompson, Sp.

C. fulva

, P. 60, G. 357, No. 21; On Baron House Bog near Wardrew, N.

C. filiformis (Slender-leaved Carex)

, P. 60, G. 357, No. 39; Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. 128; Eng. Bot. 904; Gooden. Linn. Tr. ii. 172, t. 20, f. 5; Hook. Fl. Scot. 270; C. tomentosa Lightfoot, 553; Hudson, 650; On Baron House Bog, about a mile from Wardrew, N.

Salix amygdalina

, Page 62, Genus 376, No. 2; Between Plawsworth and Witton-Gilbert, D.— Mr. John Thornhill, Jun.

S. pentandra

, P. 62, G. 376, No. 3; In a boggy meadow near Caervoran, (Magna,) N. At the head of Howns Wood, .— Mr. John Thornhill, Jun.

S. radicans

, Page 62, Genus 376, No. 4; In woods at Wardrew, by the Irthing, N.

S. Croweana

, P. 63, G. 276, No. 13; In Castle Eden Dene, D Mr. Backhouse.

S. Andersoniana

Mas., Page 63, Genus 376, No. 23; In woods at Wardrew, N.

S. Forsteriama

, P. 63, G. 376, No. 24; By the Irthing at Gilsland, N.

Taxus baccata

, P. 65, G. 388, No. 1; On high rocky cliffs by the Irthing, above Wardrew Spa, N.

PART II

Chara hispida

, Page 66, Genus 1, No. 2; In the Mill Race at Reedsmouth, N. — Mr. John Thompson.

C. aspera

, P. 66, G. 1, No. 3; In the Irthing, near the lower stepping stones above Gilsland Spa, N. In a Limestone Quarry near Rushyford, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

C. norvegica

, Hooker MSS., P. 66, G. 1, No. 5; In the lake at Hardwick, D.— Mr. Backhouse.

Equisetum variegatum

, P. 66, G. 2, No. 7; On rocks above the second stepping stones over the Irthing, near Gilsland Spa, scarce, but in great abundance half a mile higher up the stream, N.

Ophioglossum vulgatum

, P. 67, G. 6, No. 1; In moist meadows south of Wardrew, N. Near Hilton Castle, and Howns Wood, D., and near Stannington, N. — Mr. R.B. Bowman.

Botrychium Lunaria

, P. 67, G. 7, No. 1; In meadows south of Wardrew, N. Near Hilton Castle, D.— Mr. R.B. Bowman.

Cryptogramma crispa

, P. 67, G. 10, No. 1; On Wall-Town Crags, N.

Aspidium Oreopteris

, P. 68, G. 13, No. 2; On the banks of Allen, not far from Ridley Hall, N. — Mr. J. Thompson.

Polypodium Phegopteris

, P. 68, G. 14, No. 2; In the woods at Wardrew, N.

P. Dryopteris

, P. 68, G. 14, No. 3; In the woods at Wardrew, N.

Cystea fragilis

, P. 69, G. 16, No. 1; On walls at Gilsland and Wardrew, N.

Phascum patens

, Page 69, Genus 18, No. 5; In bogs near Wardrew, N. At Prestwick Carr, N.— Mr. R.B. Bowman.

Gymnostomum Donianum

, P. 70, G. 20, No. 7; On Sandstone rocks at Gilsland, N. In Cawsey Wood, D — Mr. R.B. Bowman.

Grimmia Doniana

Hook. and Tay. Muse. 72; Eng. Bot. 1259; Arn. Disp. Musc. 20., P. 72, G. 29, No. 5. On Cheviot, N.

Weissia verticillata

, P. 72, G. 31, No. 7; By the Irthing, near Wardrew, N.

Orthotrichum anomalum

P. 74, G. 37, No. 2; Eng. Bot. 2696; On rocks near Wardrew, N.

Anomodon viticulosum

, P. 74, G. 39, No. 2; On rocks by the Irthing, at Wardrew, N.

Hypnum Crista-castrensis

, P. 78, G. 44, No. 53. Hook. and Tay. Musc. 190; Eng. Bot. 2108; Arn. Disp. Musc. 69; Found in fructification on the south side of Tees near Gainford by Mr. Backhouse.

Bryum caespetitium

, P. 78, G. 45, No. 11; The note attached to this species of moss is an error. It should have followed Polytrichum aloides P. 71, G. 23, No. 7.

Collema saturninum

, P. 93, G. 83, No. 5; By the Irthing at Gilsland, N.

Phragmidium Potentillae

, P. 118, G. 163, No. 2. Gr. Syn. 3; Puccinea Potentillae Crypt. t. 57. On the leaves of Potentillae; and Tormentillae.

EXOTIC PLANTS

Gathered on the Ballast Hills by the Shores of the Rivers Tyne and Wear.

Blitum virgatum

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 30; A native of France and Spain.

Phalaris paradoxa

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 329; The south of Italy and the Levant.

Bromus madritensis

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 437; Spain.

Convolvulus tricolor

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 874; The south of Europe and north of Africa.

Hyoscyamus albus

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1101; The south of Europe.

H. aureus

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1101; The Greek Islands and the Levant.

Solanum Lycopersicum

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1033; South America.

Tordylium syriacum

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1381; Syria.

Cumynum Cyminum

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1441; Egypt.

Apium Petroselinum

Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1475; Mediterranean Islands.

Reseda odorata

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 875; Italy and Egypt.

R. fruticulosa

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 878; Spain.

R. alba

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 879; South of France.

Euphorbia Tithymaloides

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 890; South America.

E. spinosa

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 908; South of France.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1033; Greece.

M. falcatum

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1046; The Cape of Good Hope.

M. glomeratum

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1046; The Cape of Good Hope.

Argemone mexicana

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1148; Mexico and the West Indies.

Nigella arvensis

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1248; France and Germany.

N. damascena

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1248; The south of Europe.

Ranunculus muricatus

Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1329; The south of Europe.

Lepidium sativum

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 435; Habitat unknown.

Alyssum incanum

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 463; The north of Europe.

Lavatera trimestris

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 797; The south of Europe and the Levant.

Pisum Ochrus

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1071; Italy and the Mediterranean Islands.

Ornithopus compressus

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1156; Italy and Sicily.

Scorpiurus vermiculata

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1159; The south of Europe.

Vicia benghalensis

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1101; The East Indies and the Levant.

V. cordifolia

Trifolium indicum

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1353; India.

T. messanense

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1353; Sicily, and the north of Africa.

T. elegans

Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 209; The south of Europe, and north of Africa and the Levant.

Medicago prostrata

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1405; Italy, and the south of Europe.

M. coronata

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1413; The south of France.

M. rigidula

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1417; The south of Europe, and north of Africa.

Scolymus maculatus

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1630; South of Europe, and north of Africa.

Chrysanthemum italicum

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2148; Italy.

Anthemis tomentosa

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2176; Greece, and Asia Minor.

A. mixta

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2177; France and Italy.

A. valentina

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2188; South of France and Spain.

Centaurea galactites

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2327; South of Europe, and north of Africa.

Calendula officinalis

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 2310; South of Europe.

Cannabis sativa

Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 768; Persia and India.

Atriplex hortensis

Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 961; Tartary?

Salix acutifolia

Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 668;

S. violacea

, Andr; S. caspica Hortulorum. Russia? Naturalized in woods and hedges near Gilsland.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRECEDING FLORA

READ JUNE 20, 1831.

In collecting the materials for the preceding Catalogue Raisonné of the Flora of Northumberland and Durham no merit can be claimed, but such as is due to some degree of patience and perseverance, which, in a favourite pursuit, may be considered very trivial indeed. However, it is the result of more than thirty years‘ attention to our native Botany, and may prove useful to those who shall have leisure and inclination to follow up and extend these researches. The indigenous plants of this portion of England are numerous, considering its northern latitude,1 and many of them rare, notwithstanding none of its mountains reach the height of three thousand feet, for it is at a superior elevation that the extremely scarce plants of the Welch and Scotch Alps, reward the toil of the Botanist.

1 I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. LOSH for allowing me to extract the data on which the following table of the temperature of the atmosphere in lat. 55°, is founded, from a meteorological register kept by him at Jesmond, for several years past. The height of the thermometer was noted each day at 9, 2, and 1 1 o‘clock, so that the result is drawn from upwards of 2,500 observations. The elevation of Jesmond is about 200 feet above the level of the sea; and it is distant from the coast between seven and eight miles: —

Average temperature of seven years, 47 29/48 degrees

1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. 1818.
January, 36½ 36¾ 28½ 33½ 37½ 40½ 38
February, 40¾ 43¼ 35¾ 43 36 44 32
March, 37½ 45 38½ 43½ 37½ 41½ 38½
April, 42 47 50¼ 46½ 41 46½ 42
May, 51 52¾ 47¾ 53½ 48¾ 49 51
June, 56¾ 56½ 53 57¼ 54¾ 57¾ 62¼
July, 57¾ 60¾ 60½ 58 56¼ 57¼ 63
August, 58 58 60¼ 59 56¾ 55¾ 58
September, 55¾ 56¼ 56¼ 56½ 52 55¼ 55½
October, 49 47 48 50¼ 44 44 53¼
November, 42 40 41¾ 43 39¼ 45¾ 48¾
December, 37 39¾ 38½ 33 36¾ 35 40¾
47 48 7/12 46 7/12 48 1/12 45 1/24 47 7/12 49 1/2

At Edinburgh, lat. 55° 47‘, mean temperature, 47° 8‘. This calculation has been made from six years‘ excellent observations, by Professor PLAYFAIR; during this time, the thermometer was never seen above 75° 8‘. Vegetation continues from March 20, to Oct. 20. The mean temperature of these seven months is, from 55° 8‘ to 50° 9‘; accordingly, the years are more or less fruitful; wheat does not ripen if the mean temperature descends to 47° 6‘. The mean heat of the summers of Scotland in the environs of Edinburgh, is found again on the table lands of New Grenada, so rich in wheat, at 1,400 toises of elevation, and at 4° of north latitude. —Humboldt.

Keswick, lat. 54° 33‘, mean temperature, 48°
———— ———— of Springs 46.6’
Kendal, 54° 17‘, ———— 46.2
———— ———— of Springs 47.2
Dalton.

The range of temperature of the springs in the neighbourhood of Newcastle has been, for the preceding twelve months, from 42° to 49½°. Those which appear most regular are, the Cradle Well, by the road to Jesmond, and the Holy Well, in Jesmond Dene, the courses of which must be in the Seventy-fathom Post, as the miners call it. This stratum of Sandstone is nearly 50 feet thick, and crops out on the south-west side of the Town Moor, covering the high main seam of Coal, which has been worked out from under the springs; and as the old colliery is now drained, the water cannot rise from below the Coal.

Mean temperature, ascertained by fifty observations, 45¾°.

During the month of April, 1818, the Jesmond Springs, stood at 42°
On the 19th of May, 44
On the 1st of June, 46
On the 10th of June, 47
On the 15th of July, 48
On the 28th of ditto, 49
On the 6th of September, 49½
On the 1st of November, 49
On the 15th of ditto, 48
On the 15th of December, 45
On the 17th of January, 44
On the 27th of ditto, 43
On the 5th of March, 42

From a spring rising in the higher part of Newcastle, at an elevation of 180 feet above the level of the sea, the following less correct results were obtained, owing to its flowing for some distance nearer the surface of the earth :—

Mean temperature, 49°.

During the month of April, 1818, the temperature was 42°
On the 19th of May, 46
On the 1st of June, 48
On the 10th of ditto, 50
On the 15th of July, 52
On the 28th of ditto, 54
On the 6th of September, 56
On the 1st of November, 53
On the 15th of ditto, 51
On the 15th of December, 47
On the 17th of January, 44
On the 27th of ditto, 43
On the 5th of March, 42

WINCH on the Geographical Distribution of Plants through the Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham. — Pamphlet, 8vo., 2d Edition, 1825.

To those long conversant with this science, the natural arrangement, generally adopted by the French school, would seem to have given the preceding pages the air of greater research; but the Linnaean method, though artificial, has been chosen: for, as Dr. HOOKER justly remarks, „the experience of a hundred years has proved to every unprejudiced mind, that no system can be compared to that of the immortal Swede, for the facility with which it enables any one hitherto unpractised in botany to arrive at a knowledge of the genus and species of a plant.“ And as the chief value of these memoranda will be in assisting those who are commencing their botanic career, an enumeration of genera and species adapted to their line of study was to be preferred.

One of the first difficulties the student will have to encounter is the unsettled state in which he will find many genera, and far more species, of plants, so common as to be met with in every hedge and wood; for, unfortunately, scarcely two botanists of the present day can agree upon what should constitute generic, much less specific, distinctions. This may appear a startling assertion, but in making it I am borne out by one of the best and most accomplished botanist of our time, whose ideas on this subject I shall take the liberty to give in his own words. „In nothing is more consideration now required than to determine what of new genera ought to be adopted and what rejected. Had you and I begun our botanic career when old DICKSON was in his prime, we should have had the same aversion to the Hedwigian improvements which he had, but which have nevertheless tended so very much to the advancement of muscology. At the same time I must agree with you, that modern Botanists are carrying their ideas of division and subdivision to a most unwarrantable length, and that they are thereby doing an injury rather than a benefit to science, and are deterring many from undertaking the study altogether. I must not be supposed to condemn the subdivision of genera on every occasion. If there is a distinction in the habit of the plant, and a different mode of fructification at the same time, then I will allow the genus may be a good one. Then again there is another class of Botanists more injurious than these, they too are generally men who set their faces against any increase of genera, but who, at the same time, consider that the most trifling difference in a leaf, a serrature, or a hair, should constitute a specific distinction: and to such an extravagant pitch is this system now carried in certain genera — take Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Myosotis, no two persons are or can be agreed on what constitutes a species and what not, in such tribes. The consequence is, that all sober-minded Botanists will have nothing to do with these genera, and the crazy ones have each their own ideas as to species. You and I may set our faces against these species-mongers, but it is to no purpose.“

But as the native Roses, with which this district abounds in a remarkable degree, contribute greatly to the beauty of our woodland scenery and hedge-rows, it may be worth while to inquire into the cause of the difficulty which attends the defining the species of such conspicuous flowers. That there is difficulty in the task we may be assured of, for WOODS, an indefatigable Botanist, in his paper published by the Linnaean Society, in the 12th vol. of their Transactions, enumerates no less than twenty British species, while LINDLEY, who bestowed no less pains on the same subject, in his Rosarum Monographia reduced their numbers to twelve. The difference of opinion, existing between these acute Botanists, must be accounted for by those marks which generally afford permanent specific distinctions in other plants, such as the roughness or smoothness of their leaves, the form of the prickles, whether the segments of the calyx be simple or divided, or the leaves be singly or doubly serrated being of small avail in this genus. To these must be added, the almost insurmountable difficulty that the various species or varieties pass by insensible degrees into each other, and though at first sight, no two Roses may appear more dissimilar than Rosa canina on the one hand, and Rosa villosa on the other, yet links can easily be furnished to form a complete chain between them. Rosa canina is well known as a robust growing bush, with hooked prickles, smooth oval fruit and shining leaves. In Rosa sarmentacea the plant becomes slender in habit, and with us its leaves generally assume a glaucous hue. Rosa Forsteri

begins to show a tendency to pubescence on the midrib of its leaves, and Rosa dumetorum or caesia has leaves covered with a velvety down. In all these the prickles are strongly hooked. The next link of the chain claims particular attention, as it appears to connect two sections of the genus. I allude to Rosa tomentosa, the prickles of which are in part hooked, and in part straight, its fruit sometimes smooth, at others hispid, and this frequently occurs on the same bush, but its leaves are always pubescent. Rosa scabriuscula has straight prickles, its flowers are white, except the extremity of the petals which are tipped with red. Rosa villosa, of SMITH (not the plant so called by SWARTZ and most of the continental Botanists, that being an exotic and the Apple Rose of the gardeners), has invariably straight prickles, pubescent leaves, globose fruit, occasionally hispid, and full rose-red flowers. The Roses most nearly allied to Rosa canina have pale pink blossoms, those to Rosa villosa red, with the exception of Rosa scabriuscula as previously mentioned. With respect to Rosa Eglanteria, it will be found to vary through Rosa micrantha to Rosa Borreri, or inodora of the foreign Botanists, a bad name for a plant which still possesses, in some degree, the odour of the Eglantine, and which the old herbalists would have denominated a savage Sweet Briar. Passing on to another section of the genus, we find the same uncertainty of specific character to continue. Thus in Rosa gracilis of WOODS, the prickles on the stem are hooked, but not so on the young branches, — in its variety Rosa Sabini or Doniana (for there is not the slightest difference between them), all the prickles are straight, as well as in its dwarf sea-side variety, Rosa involuta. Rosa spinosissima, in its wild state, varies only in size, though the parent of the numerous beautiful Roses sold by nurserymen under the name of Scotch Roses, and Rosa arvensis continues true to its well-defined specific character. Of Rosa rubella, which is nearly allied to Rosa alpina of the south of Europe, as Rosa arvensis is to Rosa sempervirens — too little is known to enable one to say whether it passes into any other supposed species — its pendent scarlet fruit keeps it asunder from any British Rose. A dark red flowered variety is not rare in the gardens near London, but I could not learn from whence it came. The foregoing

remarks are confined to that portion of the genus indigenous in the north of England, and which have been long under my observation in their native habitats. It remains for the experimental gardener, by sowing and resowing the seeds, to clear up the obscurity in which many of the supposed species are involved, for that alone can remove all conjectures respecting them. Of the Rubi, another intricate family, we have but six shrubby species, Rubus idaeus, R. suberectus, R. caesius, R. fructicosus, R. corylifolius, and R. glandulosus, and in determining these, there can be no difficulty, unless we attempt to divide them into the endless varieties dignified by specific names by some German Botanists. For one well defined Bramble, very common in the vales of the Highlands of Scotland and Cumberland, we have but a single locality at present, though I think it must have been overlooked in our sub-alpine vallies, among the Cheviot mountains ; I allude to Rubus suberectus. In Borrowdale, and at the foot of Skiddaw, it is not uncommon, both with double and single flowers. It is most nearly allied to Rubus idaeus, but has bright green leaves, and its fruit is nearly black. The figure in English Botany is a good representation of the plant, but I suspect the Bramble of the south of England, by several Botanists considered the same as the Highland plant, will prove to be distinct from it, at least I am led to think so, by dried specimens collected in the former part of the kingdom.

Notwithstanding that the Willows are much more numerous than the Roses, their different species may, with attention, be settled with greater certainty and upon surer grounds, for they are less liable to run into varieties. But from this general rule, Salix aquatica, and more particularly Salix repens must be excluded. Between Salix argentea, the Silky Willow of SMITH, which shoots into a tall upright shrub, and the small decumbent varieties of the Creeping Willow, the difference is very obvious at first sight; but, I mistake, if intermediate varieties cannot be traced to unite the two plants. The series comprises Salix prostrata, S. fusca, S. parvifolia, S. adscendens, and S, incubacea of the English Botany, — probablyS. foetida of the English Flora, might be added to the list, but of this I do not possess authenticated specimens.

The sub-alpine glens which descend from our moors are the true localities of several of the rare Willows with broad leaves, and it is in such places they should be studied, rather than in Botanic Gardens, where their habits become materially altered by cultivation.

With the aid of the excellent works of DRS. HOOKER and TAYLOR, and the assistance of the microscope, the botanic student will be enabled to master the numerous species of Mosses and Jungermanniae, these minute vegetables, aptly denominated the watch-work of nature, seldom deviating into varieties, or appearing to pass into each other; but it will require glasses of higher magnifying powers, and the exercise of more patient attention, to arrive at a competent knowledge of the Algae and minute Fungi described in the elaborate publications of DR. GREVILLE; but, that this abstruse department of the science may be acquired even by persons whose time and attention are otherwise greatly occupied in professional pursuits, is evinced in the Flora of Berwick, a publication so highly creditable to one of our associates, DR. GEORGE JOHNSTON. Yet, notwithstanding these helps, the cryptogamic Botanist is still obliged to look to the continental writers for assistance, and must possess a part, at least, of the works of ACHARIUS, PERSOON, AGARDH, and DE CANDOLLE. Probably, the Botanicon Gallicum of DE CANDOLLE, in which a considerable proportion of the plants described by the before-named authors are comprised, will be found most useful, the climate of a large part of France differing not widely from our own. LINK, LYNGBY, and FRIES are the present guides among the most minute of Nature‘s vegetable productions, whose very genera are almost as unsettled as the sands on the sea shore.

SOWERBY‘s excellent delineations of the Lichens in the English Botany have materially facilitated the study of these intricate families, and their arrangement by ACHARIUS is probably as good a one, for mere practice, as could be adopted. Yet many individuals of these obscure tribes are to be found enumerated in his pages, not only as distinct species, but as belonging to more than one genus. This is owing in a great measure to the altered and degenerate state in which many appear when growing out of their natural localities, but more particularly to the slow mode of increase common to many of the crustaceous species. I have

observed that, after the lapse of ten years, specimens of Lecanora atra, portions of which I had chipped from a stone wall, had not again formed the circular patches of crust, which is their natural mode of growth. Considerable obscurity still hangs over the manner of the reproduction of these stone-like plants, though it appears evident that the minute particles of the crusts of various species must be viviparous, for who can believe that so common a plant as Lecidea incana, which covers walls and rocks in almost every situation, can alone be propagated by sporules or seeds from its shields; for these shields, though sufficiently conspicuous, have been noticed but twice in England; in Hampshire by Mr. LYELL, and in Sussex by Mr. D. TURNER.

In the preceding pages, a few habitats of rare plants are given on the authority of the works of TURNER,2 RAY,3 WILSON,4 and Robson,5 and many more on the authority of WALLIS6. By the perusal of his Natural History of Northumberland, Botanists, even of the present day, may obtain useful information, though, unfortunately for his reputation as a correct man of science, two or three of the most remarkable plants, which he supposed he had discovered growing with us, were not the species he took them for ; yet, on most occasions, I have ascertained him to be correct; and, let it be remembered, that in his time, no well executed and coloured engravings, such as those which adorn CURTIS and HOOKER‘s Flora Londinensis, or SMITH and SOWERBY‘S English Botany, had been published to assist the diligent, but more commonly to spoil the indolent Botanist.

From Mr. HOGG‘s valuable Tract,7 appended to the second edition of Brewster‘s History of Stockton, numerous habitats have been extracted, for the south-eastern corner of the county of Durham is propitious to the growth of several southern plants which here terminate their range towards the north. Their appearance on this side of the Tees is partly owing to the shelter afforded by the Cleveland hills, but more especially by the warm and fertile soil originating from the decomposition of the Red Sandstone rocks, prevalent in the lower part of this vale.

On referring to the latter pages of this Catalogue, it will readily be seen how greatly its numbers have been increased by the assiduity of Dr. G. JOHNSTON, author of the Berwick Flora,8 who has shown how much may be learned respecting the most minute cryptogamic productions, by a diligent use of the microscope, and by a fixed determination to follow up a peculiar line of study and investigation.

To my other numerous friends, who have favoured me with specimens or delineations of plants, I beg leave to acknowledge the kindness conferred, and whenever the name of a correspondent is attached to a locality, thanks for the communication are to be implied as a matter of course.

^ 2 The complete edition of TURNER‘s Herbal was printed by BIRKMAM. It is a folio, in black letter, and containing 512 figures of plants, but which are the same as used in the 8th ed. of FUCHSIUS, printed in 1545.

^ 3 Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum, by JOHN RAY, 8vo., 3d ed. London, 1724. Edited by DILLENIUS.

^ 4 Synopsis of British Plants, by JOHN WILSON, 8vo. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1744.— BROWN, in his Prodromus of Australian Plants, p. 490, has named a genus belonging to the order Convolvulacece after him, accompanied with the remark, „In memoriam Joannis Wilson auctoris operis haud spernandi.“ A compliment not to be despised, coming from such high authority. The first volume of WILSON‘s Synopsis was printed in 1744, by JOHN GOODING, on the Side, Newcastle upon Tyne, but the author does not appear to have received sufficient encouragement to induce him to publish the second volume. It was to have contained the Fungi, Mosses, Grasses, and Trees, which he says were omitted, „to avoid raising the price of the first volume too high by enlarging the bulk of it too much.“ From DR. PULTNEY, we learn, „That in the year 1762, a person here, into whose hands the MS. had passed, meditated the publication of it with a new edition of the first volume, which was out of print, and much called for, but the design never took effect.“ WILSON appears to have paid frequent visits to this place, and delivered lectures to a Botanic class, but with what success I know not. To the English Flora, he added Valeriana rubra, on Ely Minster, and on walls in many other places, on the authority of Mr. MARTIN, and Allium Schaenoprasum, in a place called Chivey-syke, in Cartmell Fell, in Lancashire, about six miles from Kendal. Botanists, since his time, have disputed the right of these plants to be considered truly indigenous, not being mentioned by RAY.“ The former is abundant on Limestone rocks and walls in the north of France, and the latter is certainly wild on Basaltic rocks at Wall-town Crags, and Copping Crags by the Wansbeck, near Kirkwhelpington, Northumberland. In an interleaved copy of the Synopsis, once the property of the late Mr. ROBERT HARRISON, is the following notice of WILSON‘s death. „Newcastle Journal, July the 27th, 1751. —We hear from Kendal, in Westmorland, that last week, died there, Mr. JOHN WILSON, a noted Botanist of that place, and author of a Synopsis of British Plants, after Mr. RAY‘s method. He had uncommon natural parts, which (without the advantage of a learned education), by his own industry in study and application, he had so much improved, as to become, perhaps, one of the most knowing herbalists of his time; and was, besides, a most facetious and agreeable companion, of a just, ready wit, a quick descernment, a firm integrity, and candid intention, which made him vastly beloved by all his friends and acquaintance, who deeply regret the loss of so valuable a man.“

^ 5 The British Flora, by STEPHEN ROBSON, 8vo. York, 1777.

^ 6 The Natural History and Antiquities of Northumberland, by JOHN WALLIS, A.M., 2 vols., 4to. London, 1769. I am not aware that any life of the historian of Northumberland has been published, but short biographical notices of him may be seen in HUTCHINSON‘s History of Cumberland, vol. ii. p. 267, and BREWSTER‘s History of Stockton, second edition, p. 391-395. To these I could have added several characteristic anecdotes communicated to me by the Rev.G. WILSON, Rector of Wolsingham, and Mrs. HOGG, of Norton, who were personally acquainted with WALLIS in his latter years, but it was not in my power to detail these without attaching censure to persons who neglected and treated with harshness so worthy and single-hearted a man in the decline of life ; and such strictures would be out of place in the Transactions of this Society. On leaving Simonburn, WALLIS retired first to Billingham, and then to Norton, in the county of Durham, where he died, and was interred. His tomb-stone bears the following inscription :— „Under this stone are deposited the remains of the Rev. JOHN WALLIS, A.M., who died July 19, 1793, aged 78. Also of Elizabeth, his wife, who died January 13, 1801, aged 90. A marble tablet is erected to their memory in the north aisle of the church.“ This tablet never was erected.

^ 7 The Natural History of the Vicinity of Stockton on Tees, by J. HOGG, A.M. 8vo. Stockton, 1827.—Forming an Appendix to Brewster‘s History of Stockton.

^ 8 A Flora of Berwick upon Tweed, by G. JOHNSTON, M.D. 2 vols. 12mo., Edinburgh, 1829 and 1831.

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4
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Symons, Rev. Jelinger
Born: 1778 Died: 1853
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Thomas Penny
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Thomas Willisel
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Born: 1763 Died: 1813
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Born: 1797 Died: 1855
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Johnston, George A Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed p. 66 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22037105
Smith, James Edward The English Flora 2 p. 39 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6101942
Smith, James Edward (1790-1813) English Botany p. 1174
Woodville, William Medical Botany f. 161 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/678134
Greville, Robert Kaye (1824) Flora Edinensis p. 71 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39974332
Johnston, George A Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed p. 67 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22037167
Smith, James Edward The English Flora 2 p. 41 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6101942
Smith, James Edward (1790-1813) English Botany p. 197
Withering, William Arrangement of British plants 2 p. 389
UK Ordnance Survey Grid Reference: NZ35
Country Code: GB
Higher Geography: County Durham
Geodetic Datum: EPSG:3857
Coordinate Uncertainty In Meters: 4000
Decimal Coordinates: 54.924174, -1.3930161
UK Ordnance Survey Grid Reference: NZ35
Country Code: GB
Higher Geography: County Durham
Geodetic Datum: EPSG:3857
Coordinate Uncertainty In Meters: 3000
Decimal Coordinates: 54.907014, -1.38369
UK Ordnance Survey Grid Reference: NZ42
Country Code: GB
Higher Geography: County Durham
Geodetic Datum: EPSG:3857
Coordinate Uncertainty In Meters: 3000
Decimal Coordinates: 54.592207, -1.31348
Smith, James Edward The English Flora 2 p. 43 url: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6101942
Smith, James Edward (1790-1813) English Botany p. 987