A. Genealogy of a sample of 4 genes (N = 4, in red) in a population of 8 genes at the present time, back to a common ancestor. B. Genealogy of the 4 sampled extant alleles (in red) back to the most recent common ancestor, with three coalescent events (in blue).

 
 
  Part of: de Boer H, Rydmark MO, Verstraete B, Gravendeel B (2022) Molecular identification of plants: from sequence to species. Advanced Books. https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e98875